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Dupin N, Jary A, Boussouar S, Syrykh C, Gandjbakhche A, Bergeret S, Palich R. Current and Future Tools for Diagnosis of Kaposi's Sarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235927. [PMID: 34885035 PMCID: PMC8657166 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Kaposi’s sarcoma, a rare opportunistic tumor, is observed in four epidemiological conditions (AIDS-related, iatrogenic, endemic or classic KS). Although in most cases KS is an indolent disease, it can be locally aggressive and/or it can invade other organs than the skin, resulting in more severe presentations, especially in patients with severe immunosuppression. There is no consensus on the imaging workup that is necessary for either the initial staging of the disease or the follow-up. Future perspectives include the use of certain non-invasive imaging tools that may help to evaluate the clinical response to treatment, as well as certain new histological markers that may help in guiding the treatment planning for this atypical neoplasm. Abstract Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is a rare, atypical malignancy associated with immunosuppression and can be qualified as an opportunistic tumor, which responds to immune modulation or restoration. Four different epidemiological forms have been individualized (AIDS-related, iatrogenic, endemic or classic KS). Although clinical examination is sufficient to diagnose cutaneous lesions of KS, additional explorations are necessary in order to detect lesions involving other organs. New histological markers have been developed in recent years concerning the detection of HHV-8 latent or lytic proteins in the lesions, helping to confirm the diagnosis when it is clinically doubtful. More recently, the evaluation of the local immune response has also been shown to provide some guidance in choosing the appropriate therapeutic option when necessary. We also review the indication and the results of conventional radiological imaging and of non-invasive imaging tools such as 18F-fluoro-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography, thermography and laser Doppler imaging for the diagnosis of KS and for the follow-up of therapeutic response in patients requiring systemic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Dupin
- Dermatology Department, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, Institut Cochin, INSERM 1016, Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France;
| | - Aude Jary
- Virology Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre Louis Epidemiology and Public Health Institute (iPLESP), INSERM 1136, Sorbonne University, 75013 Paris, France;
| | - Samia Boussouar
- Cardiothoracic Imaging Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, ICAN Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, INSERM, Sorbonne University, 75013 Paris, France;
| | - Charlotte Syrykh
- Department of Pathology, University Cancer Institute of Toulouse-Oncopole, 31000 Toulouse, France;
| | - Amir Gandjbakhche
- Section on Analytical and Functional Biophotonics, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| | - Sébastien Bergeret
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Sorbonne University, 75013 Paris, France;
| | - Romain Palich
- Infectious Diseases Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre Louis Epidemiology and Public Health Institute (iPLESP), INSERM 1136, Sorbonne University, 75013 Paris, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-1-42-16-01-71; Fax: +33-1-42-16-04-45
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Aryal SR, Bajaj NS, Von Mering G, Ahmed MI. The role of multimodality imaging in HIV-related heart disease. J Nucl Cardiol 2021; 28:531-535. [PMID: 32820425 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-020-02291-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sudeep Raj Aryal
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Navkaranbir S Bajaj
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Gregory Von Mering
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- UAB Structural Heart & Valve Clinic at Spain Wallace, 619 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Mustafa I Ahmed
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- UAB Structural Heart & Valve Clinic at Spain Wallace, 619 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
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Guan C, Shi Y, Liu J, Yang Y, Zhang Q, Lu Z, Zheng G, Ye W, Xue M, Zhou X, Zhang N, Li H, Xie R, Chen B, Lu P. Pulmonary involvement in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated Kaposi's sarcoma: a descriptive analysis of thin-section manifestations in 29 patients. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2021; 11:714-724. [PMID: 33532271 DOI: 10.21037/qims-20-284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated Kaposi's sarcoma (AIDS-KS) was the first malignant neoplasm to be described as being related to AIDS. The lungs are the most common visceral site of AIDS-KS. This study aimed to analyze the computed tomography (CT) manifestations of pulmonary involvement in AIDS-KS. Methods Twenty-nine male patients were enrolled in this retrospective study. Imaging evaluation parameters included lesion distribution, the flame sign, interlobular septal thickening, peribronchovascular interstitium thickening, ground-glass opacity (GGO), dilated blood vessels in lesions, and pleural effusion. Results A peribronchovascular distribution was observed in all patients, predominantly in the lower lobes. Of the patients, 58.62% (17/29) exhibited the flame sign, 75.86% (22/29) had interlobular septal thickening, 72.41% (21/29) had peribronchovascular interstitium thickening, 82.76% (24/29) had GGO, and 34.48% (10/29) had pleural effusion. Enlarged lymph nodes with a short-axis diameter >1.0 cm were found in 41.38% (12/29) of the patients. Of the 12 patients who underwent contrast-enhanced CT (CECT), 90.91% (11/12) had dilated blood vessels, and nodules, consolidations, and lymph nodes were observed to be strongly enhanced. Intrapulmonary lesions decreased in size or number after appropriate treatment during follow-up. Conclusions Common CT manifestations of pulmonary AIDS-KS include the flame sign, peribronchovascular distribution, peribronchovascular interstitium thickening, interlobular septa thickening, GGO, dilated blood vessel, and strong enhancement of nodules, consolidations, and lymph nodes. It is helpful to follow up the therapeutic effect of pulmonary AIDS-KS by chest CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunshuang Guan
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin Shi
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinxin Liu
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxin Yang
- Department of Radiology, The Sixth People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Zhoukou Central Hospital, Zhoukou, China
| | - Zhiyan Lu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangping Zheng
- Department of Radiology, The Shenzhen No. 3 People's Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wen Ye
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Xue
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xingang Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Chengdu Public Health Clinical Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongjun Li
- Department of Radiology, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruming Xie
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Budong Chen
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Puxuan Lu
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
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