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Gbadamosi IT, Henneh IT, Aluko OM, Yawson EO, Fokoua AR, Koomson A, Torbi J, Olorunnado SE, Lewu FS, Yusha'u Y, Keji-Taofik ST, Biney RP, Tagoe TA. Depression in Sub-Saharan Africa. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2022; 12:309-322. [PMID: 35746974 PMCID: PMC9210463 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mood disorders can be considered among the most common and debilitating mental disorders. Major depression, as an example of mood disorders, is known to severely reduce the quality of life as well as psychosocial functioning of those affected. Its impact on the burden of disease worldwide has been enormous, with the World Health Organisation projecting depression to be the leading cause of mental illness by 2030. Despite several studies on the subject, little has been done to contextualise the condition in Africa, coupled with the fact that there is still much to be understood on the subject. This review attempts to shed more light on the prevalence of depression in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), its pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnosis and the experimental models available to study depression within the sub-region. It also evaluates the contribution of the sub-region to the global research output of depression as well as bottlenecks associated with full exploitation of the sub region's resources to manage the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Temitayo Gbadamosi
- Department of Anatomy, University of Ilorin, Nigeria
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Neuropsychiatric Disorders, BRAINCITY Nencki-EMBL Center of Excellence for Neural Plasticty and Brain Disorders, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Isaac Tabiri Henneh
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Oritoke Modupe Aluko
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Awo Koomson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Ghana, Ghana
| | - Joseph Torbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Ghana, Ghana
| | | | | | - Yusuf Yusha'u
- Department of Human Physiology Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | | | - Robert Peter Biney
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
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2
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Prevot TD, Li G, Vidojevic A, Misquitta KA, Fee C, Santrac A, Knutson DE, Stephen MR, Kodali R, Zahn NM, Arnold LA, Scholze P, Fisher JL, Marković BD, Banasr M, Cook JM, Savic M, Sibille E. Novel Benzodiazepine-Like Ligands with Various Anxiolytic, Antidepressant, or Pro-Cognitive Profiles. MOLECULAR NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2019; 5:84-97. [PMID: 31192221 PMCID: PMC6528097 DOI: 10.1159/000496086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Altered gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) function is consistently reported in psychiatric disorders, normal aging, and neurodegenerative disorders and reduced function of GABA interneurons is associated with both mood and cognitive symptoms. Benzodiazepines (BZ) have broad anxiolytic, but also sedative, anticonvulsant and amnesic effects, due to nonspecific GABA-A receptor (GABAA-R) targeting. Varying the profile of activity of BZs at GABAA-Rs is predicted to uncover additional therapeutic potential. We synthesized four novel imidazobenzodiazepine (IBZD) amide ligands and tested them for positive allosteric modulation at multiple α-GABAA-R (α-positive allosteric modulators), pharmacokinetic properties, as well as anxiolytic and antidepressant activities in adult mice. Efficacy at reversing stress-induced or age-related working memory deficits was assessed using a spontaneous alternation task. Diazepam (DZP) was used as a control. Three ligands (GL-II-73, GL-II-74, and GL-II-75) demonstrated adequate brain penetration and showed predictive anxiolytic and antidepressant efficacies. GL-II-73 and GL-II-75 significantly reversed stress-induced and age-related working memory deficits. In contrast, DZP displayed anxiolytic but no antidepressant effects or effects on working memory. We demonstrate distinct profiles of anxiolytic, antidepressant, and/or pro-cognitive activities of newly designed IBZD amide ligands, suggesting novel therapeutic potential for IBZD derivatives in depression and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D. Prevot
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guanguan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Aleksandra Vidojevic
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Keith A. Misquitta
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Corey Fee
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anja Santrac
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Daniel E. Knutson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Michael Rajesh Stephen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Revathi Kodali
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Nicolas M. Zahn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Leggy A. Arnold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Petra Scholze
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Janet L. Fisher
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Bojan D. Marković
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mounira Banasr
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James M. Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Miroslav Savic
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Etienne Sibille
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute of CAMH, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,*Etienne Sibille, PhD, Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Room 134, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8 (Canada), E-Mail
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Qiu B, Xu Y, Wang J, Liu M, Dou L, Deng R, Wang C, Williams KE, Stewart RB, Xie Z, Ren W, Zhao Z, Shou W, Liang T, Yong W. Loss of FKBP5 Affects Neuron Synaptic Plasticity: An Electrophysiology Insight. Neuroscience 2019; 402:23-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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An antidepressant-related pharmacological signature for positive allosteric modulators of α2/3-containing GABA A receptors. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2018; 170:9-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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McMurray KMJ, Ramaker MJ, Barkley-Levenson AM, Sidhu PS, Elkin P, Reddy MK, Guthrie ML, Cook JM, Rawal VH, Arnold LA, Dulawa SC, Palmer AA. Identification of a novel, fast-acting GABAergic antidepressant. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:384-391. [PMID: 28322281 PMCID: PMC5608625 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Current pharmacotherapies for depression exhibit slow onset, side effects and limited efficacy. Therefore, identification of novel fast-onset antidepressants is desirable. GLO1 is a ubiquitous cellular enzyme responsible for the detoxification of the glycolytic byproduct methylglyoxal (MG). We have previously shown that MG is a competitive partial agonist at GABA-A receptors. We examined the effects of genetic and pharmacological inhibition of GLO1 in two antidepressant assay models: the tail suspension test (TST) and the forced swim test (FST). We also examined the effects of GLO1 inhibition in three models of antidepressant onset: the chronic FST (cFST), chronic mild stress (CMS) paradigm and olfactory bulbectomy (OBX). Genetic knockdown of Glo1 or pharmacological inhibition using two structurally distinct GLO1 inhibitors (S-bromobenzylglutathione cyclopentyl diester (pBBG) or methyl-gerfelin (MeGFN)) reduced immobility in the TST and acute FST. Both GLO1 inhibitors also reduced immobility in the cFST after 5 days of treatment. In contrast, the serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine (FLX) reduced immobility after 14, but not 5 days of treatment. Furthermore, 5 days of treatment with either GLO1 inhibitor blocked the depression-like effects induced by CMS on the FST and coat state, and attenuated OBX-induced locomotor hyperactivity. Finally, 5 days of treatment with a GLO1 inhibitor (pBBG), but not FLX, induced molecular markers of the antidepressant response including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) induction and increased phosphorylated cyclic-AMP response-binding protein (pCREB) to CREB ratio in the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Our findings indicate that GLO1 inhibitors may provide a novel and fast-acting pharmacotherapy for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M. J. McMurray
- Committee on Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago IL 60637, USA,Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Marcia J. Ramaker
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago IL 60637, USA
| | - Amanda M. Barkley-Levenson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Preetpal S. Sidhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
| | - Pavel Elkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago IL 60637, USA
| | - M. Kashi Reddy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
| | - Margaret L. Guthrie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
| | - James M. Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
| | - Viresh H. Rawal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago IL 60637, USA
| | - Leggy A. Arnold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
| | - Stephanie C. Dulawa
- Committee on Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago IL 60637, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago IL 60637, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Abraham A. Palmer
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago IL 60637, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA,Institute for Genome Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA,Corresponding Author: Abraham A. Palmer, Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093,
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Protective Effect of Nerolidol Against Pentylenetetrazol-Induced Kindling, Oxidative Stress and Associated Behavioral Comorbidities in Mice. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:2859-2867. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2001-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Ameliorative effect of Asparagus racemosus root extract against pentylenetetrazol-induced kindling and associated depression and memory deficit. Epilepsy Behav 2016; 57:196-201. [PMID: 26970996 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2016.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Asparagus racemosus (A. racemosus) roots are extensively used in traditional medicine for the management of epilepsy. The aim of the present study was to investigate the ameliorative effect of A. racemosus root extract (ARE) against pentylenetetrazol-induced kindling and associated depression and memory deficit. Kindling was successfully induced by repeated administration of a subconvulsant dose of PTZ (35 mg/kg; i.p.) at an interval of 48 ± 2 h in 43 days (21 injections). Pretreatment with valproate (300 mg/kg; i.p.), a major antiepileptic drug as well as ARE significantly suppressed the progression of kindling. Moreover, ARE also ameliorated the kindling-associated depression and memory deficit as indicated by decreased immobility time and increased step-down latency, respectively, as compared to vehicle control animals. Further, these behavioral observations were complemented with analogous neurochemical changes. In conclusion, the results of the present study showed that ARE treatment has an ameliorative effect against PTZ-induced kindling and associated behavioral comorbidities.
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Pehrson AL, Sanchez C. Altered γ-aminobutyric acid neurotransmission in major depressive disorder: a critical review of the supporting evidence and the influence of serotonergic antidepressants. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:603-24. [PMID: 25653499 PMCID: PMC4307650 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s62912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggesting that central nervous system γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentrations are reduced in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) has been present since at least 1980, and this idea has recently gained support from more recent magnetic resonance spectroscopy data. These observations have led to the assumption that MDD’s underlying etiology is tied to an overall reduction in GABA-mediated inhibitory neurotransmission. In this paper, we review the mechanisms that govern GABA and glutamate concentrations in the brain, and provide a comprehensive and critical evaluation of the clinical data supporting reduced GABA neurotransmission in MDD. This review includes an evaluation of magnetic resonance spectroscopy data, as well as data on the expression and function of the GABA-synthesizing enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase, GABA neuron-specific cell markers, such as parvalbumin, calretinin and calbindin, and the GABAA and GABAB receptors in clinical MDD populations. We explore a potential role for glial pathology in MDD-related reductions in GABA concentrations, and evidence of a connection between neurosteroids, GABA neurotransmission, and hormone-related mood disorders. Additionally, we investigate the effects of GABAergic pharmacological agents on mood, and demonstrate that these compounds have complex effects that do not universally support the idea that reduced GABA neurotransmission is at the root of MDD. Finally, we discuss the connections between serotonergic and GABAergic neurotransmission, and show that two serotonin-focused antidepressants – the selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine and the multimodal antidepressant vortioxetine – modulate GABA neurotransmission in opposing ways, despite both being effective MDD treatments. Altogether, this review demonstrates that there are large gaps in our understanding of the relationship between GABA physiology and MDD, which must be remedied with more data from well-controlled empirical studies. In conclusion, this review suggests that the simplistic notion that MDD is caused by reduced GABA neurotransmission must be discarded in favor of a more nuanced and complex model of the role of inhibitory neurotransmission in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan L Pehrson
- External Sourcing and Scientific Excellence, Lundbeck Research USA, Paramus, NJ, USA
| | - Connie Sanchez
- External Sourcing and Scientific Excellence, Lundbeck Research USA, Paramus, NJ, USA
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