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Edwards NT, Goodwin RL, Mcphail B, Fowler LA, Lowe LL, Driggins S, Igwe NC, Harris RH, Shorter K, Gao Z, Chosed RJ, Khalil MK, Nathaniel TI. Evaluating the Importance of Mentoring in Undergraduate Research Education Programs. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2024:914150241253243. [PMID: 39093608 DOI: 10.1177/00914150241253243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
The National Institute of Health R25 Research Education Program was evaluated in the second year of implementation. Twelve mentors and 20 underrepresented minority students (URMs) scholars from partnerships and collaborations among five colleges and universities were added to the program to provide a more diverse research experience. Findings reveal that 100% of research mentors agree that the approachableness and accessibility of the program coordinator were beneficial in achieving mentorship goals and objectives. In addition, 85% of the students strongly agreed that the presentation of their research findings and the weekly reflection on goals, identification of accomplishments, and obstacles through the individual development plan were very effective. Of the 23 successfully tracked students for 2 years, six URMs (26.09%) obtained a bachelor's degree and were admitted into a graduate program; two were directly admitted to a PhD program in biomedical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishika T Edwards
- Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Greenville, SC, USA
| | - Richard L Goodwin
- Biomedical Engineering, Columbia, University of South Carolina, SC, USA
| | - Brooks Mcphail
- Translational Neuroscience, Wake Forest Medical School, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Lauren A Fowler
- Translational Neuroscience, Wake Forest Medical School, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Nnenna Chidinma Igwe
- Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Greenville, SC, USA
| | | | - Kimberly Shorter
- Biology, University of South Carolina Upstate, Spartanburg, SC, USA
| | - Zhi Gao
- Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Renee J Chosed
- Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Greenville, SC, USA
| | - Mohammed K Khalil
- Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Greenville, SC, USA
| | - Thomas I Nathaniel
- Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Greenville, SC, USA
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Lund S, MacArthur T, Watkins R, Alva-Ruiz R, Thiels CA, Smoot RL, Cleary SP, Warner SG. Checking Our Blind Spots: Examining Characteristics of Interviewees Versus Matriculants to a Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgical Fellowship Program. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION 2023; 80:1582-1591. [PMID: 37179223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2023.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Racial and gender biases exist within academic surgery; bias negatively impacts patient care, reimbursement, student training, and staff retention. Few studies have investigated the potential for bias in surgical fellowship recruitment. We aimed to compare the racial and gender diversity at our hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) surgery fellowship program to nationwide standards. We further aimed to investigate differences in the demographics of resident interviewees versus matriculants to our HPB fellowship. DESIGN Retrospective review. SETTING North American HPB fellowship training programs. PARTICIPANTS Mayo Clinic's HPB surgery fellowship interviewees and North American HPB surgery fellowship graduates from 2013 to 2020. RESULTS When compared to general surgery residency graduates during the study period (in 2019), a lower proportion of North American HPB surgery fellowship graduates were female (26% HPB fellowship graduates vs. 43.1% residents, p = 0.005), with no difference in proportion of racially under-represented in medicine (rURM) HPB fellowship graduates (10.7%) compared to rURM proportion of general surgery residents nationally (14.5%). There was an upward trend in female representation among North American HPB fellowship graduates from 11% in 2013 to 32% in 2020, but proportions of rURM HPB fellows remained steadily low. When comparing HPB interviewees at our institution to national general surgery residents, no differences were observed in proportions of female (34.4% interviewees vs. 43.1% residents, p = 0.17) or rURM (interviewees = 6.8%, residents = 14.5%, p = 0.09) applicants. Additionally, there was no significant difference between the proportion of female or rURM interviewees and matriculants to our HPB program. CONCLUSIONS While fewer female graduating surgeons are pursuing HPB fellowship training than male graduates, this gender gap has narrowed over time. In contrast, the national percentage of rURM HPB fellowship graduates has remained low, mirroring stagnant proportions of rURM surgical residency graduates. When comparing HPB fellowship interviewees at our own institution to North American fellowship graduates, we observed similar proportions of female interviewees but lower proportions of rURM interviewees. Locally, these data will drive process change toward more intentional examination of our interview selection process. Nationally, more work is needed to increase the racial diversity of surgical residency and fellowship trainees to best reflect and serve our diverse patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Lund
- Mayo Clinic Department of Surgery, Rochester, Minnesota.
| | | | - Ryan Watkins
- Mayo Clinic Department of Surgery, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Cornelius A Thiels
- Division of Hepatopancreatic and Biliary Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Rory L Smoot
- Division of Hepatopancreatic and Biliary Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sean P Cleary
- Division of Hepatopancreatic and Biliary Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Susanne G Warner
- Division of Hepatopancreatic and Biliary Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Karasz A, Nemiroff S, Joo P, Blanco I, Fishman AY, Kelly MS, Henick SM, Lambros M, Burton WB. A Sense of Belonging: Perceptions of the Medical School Learning Environment among URM and Non-URM Students. TEACHING AND LEARNING IN MEDICINE 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37450615 DOI: 10.1080/10401334.2023.2232347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Phenomenon: Improving the learning environment (LE), particularly for students underrepresented in medicine (URM), has become an important goal for institutions that provide undergraduate and graduate medical education. Until recently, research and intervention development have been limited by the lack of comprehensive theoretical frameworks. A multi-dimensional conceptual model of the medical school environment, developed by Gruppen and colleagues in 2019, provides a useful framework for guiding research and interventions in this area.Approach: Using Gruppen et al's model, this study investigated experiences of the LE from the perspectives of both URM and non-URM students at a medical school in New York City. In examining experiences of the organizational, social, and physical domains of the LE, we sought to explore the symbolic and experiential links across domains and identify concrete needs for improvement.Findings: Institutional structures and policies, features of the built environment, and social relationships that put learning first and generated a sense of community were highly valued. Although both URM and non-URM students shared many perceptions and experiences, URM students expressed heightened vulnerability to the experiences of devaluation and exclusion.Insights: All participants in the study greatly appreciated aspects of the LE that made them feel like valued members of the community. Medical schools should approach the task of improving the LE for URM students using a comprehensive, multi-dimensional approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Karasz
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Samuel Nemiroff
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Mount Sinai Morningside-West, New York, New York, USA
| | - Pablo Joo
- Department of Family Medicine, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Irene Blanco
- Department of Medicine-Rheumatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ariel Y Fishman
- Institutional Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Mary S Kelly
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Steven M Henick
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine and currently an orthopedic surgery resident, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Maryl Lambros
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine and currently a bioinformatics scientist, Avista Therapeutics, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - William B Burton
- Assessment, Evaluation, and Quality Improvement in the Office of Medical Education, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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Vasquez Guzman CE, Taylor C, Harris A, Donald C, Carney PA, Rasmussen-Rehkopf S, Bruegl A, Empey A, Hoffmann LM, Brodt E. Enhancing American Indians'/Alaska Natives' Knowledge, Confidence, and Community During the Medical School Application Process: Findings From the Northwest Native American Center of Excellence. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2023; 98:473-479. [PMID: 36201468 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000004951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe a Medical School Applicant Workshop (MSAW); present lessons learned about its impact on American Indian/Alaska Native (AIAN) participants' knowledge, confidence, and sense of community; and report on participants' medical school application progress 1 year after workshop completion. METHOD The Northwest Native American Center of Excellence at Oregon Health & Science University developed and implemented an annual 1-day AIAN MSAW in 2018. The main objectives of the workshop are for participants to gain insights into the medical school application process; learn strategies to competitively apply; receive feedback on their personal statement and mock interviews; and discuss the medical school application process with AIAN faculty, admissions deans, and peer-mentors. Recruitment of AIAN participants occurred via email; social media; text messaging; medical association contacts; and AIAN and science, technology, engineering, and mathematics organizations. Two surveys were administered: one immediately after and another 1-year after the workshop. RESULTS Forty AIAN MSAW participants were accepted in 2018-2020. Findings indicate statistically significant increases in participants' self-reported knowledge of the medical school application process and in their self-reported confidence. Participants reported meeting other AIAN students was highly beneficial and feeling connected to a community of AIAN health professionals after attending the workshop. Among the 25 participants who completed the 1-year follow-up survey, 12 (48.0%) indicated applying to medical school; all 12 of these participants were invited to interview, and 11 were offered acceptance to at least one medical school. CONCLUSIONS Completing the MSAW increased participants' knowledge, confidence, and sense of community. If other programs and institutions were to consider using the MSAW model to reduce barriers and provide supports specifically designed for AIANs before and during the medical school application process, medical schools may stand to further increase AIAN representation in the physician workforce and ultimately to decrease health inequities among AIANs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cirila Estela Vasquez Guzman
- C.E. Vasquez Guzman is assistant professor, Department of Family Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; tribal affiliation: Mayan and Zapotec, Mexico
| | - Cynthia Taylor
- C. Taylor is research associate, Department of Family Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Anna Harris
- A. Harris is a medical student, Oregon Health & Science University School of Medicine, Portland, Oregon; tribal affiliation: Cayuse, Oregon, Nez Perce, Idaho, and Karuk, California
| | - Caitlin Donald
- C. Donald is assistant director, Northwest Native American Center of Excellence, Department of Family Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; tribal affiliation: Osage and Ponca, Oklahoma
| | - Patricia A Carney
- P.A. Carney is professor, Department of Family Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Sarah Rasmussen-Rehkopf
- S. Rasmussen-Rehkopf is a medical student, WWAMI Medical Educational Program, University of Washington, Anchorage, Alaska; tribal affiliation: Quileute and Makah, Washington
| | - Amanda Bruegl
- A. Bruegl is associate professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; tribal affiliation: Oneida and Stockbridge-Munsee, Wisconsin
| | - Allison Empey
- A. Empey is assistant professor, Department of Pediatrics, and vice chair for equity, diversity and inclusion, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; tribal affiliation: Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde, Oregon
| | - Laurel Murphy Hoffmann
- L.M. Hoffmann is assistant professor, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Erik Brodt
- E. Brodt is associate professor, Department of Family Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; tribal affiliation: Ojibwe, Minnesota
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Mmeje O, Perry M, Andreski P, Haggins A, Brown DJ. Creating opportunities to engage with prospective historically marginalized trainees with clinical simulation. J Natl Med Assoc 2023; 115:127-133. [PMID: 36707366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnma.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recruiting a diverse group of medical students, house officers, and faculty in medicine is challenging-particularly for predominantly white, midwest institutions that may not be racially or ethnically diverse. PURPOSE To evaluate a novel clinical simulation program, SiMfest, for recruiting house officers from historically marginalized populations to our institution to demonstrate our leadership's commitment to high-quality education and recruitment of these students to enhance diversity in academic medicine. METHODS The Office for Health Equity and Inclusion, institutional leadership, and clinical department chairs developed a novel and engaging series of clinical simulations, SiMfest, to engage the pipeline of historically marginalized trainees and demonstrate our leadership's commitment to high-quality education. SiMfest is a two-hour simulation session presented annually (2017-2019) by our institution at the Student National Medical Association Annual Medical Education Conference. RESULTS Over 800 students participated in SiMfest sessions over three years. Of the 461 participants who completed a survey after participation, 301 identified as female, and 382 indicated a racial category considered as historically marginalized in medicine-91% of whom identified as African American or Black. Thirty percent (n = 125) of respondents identified as pre-medical (e.g., undergraduate, post-baccalaureate) students and 69% (n = 289) identified as current medical students. Over 80% of students would recommend SiMfest to others. Additionally, 73% (n = 87) of pre-medical and 54% (n = 143) of medical students reported exposure to a previously unknown specialty. Thirty-three department representatives reported their SiMfest experience revealed new information about historically marginalized applicants that they may not have engaged with through the traditional application process but would be more likely to engage with in future diversity, equity, and inclusion initiatives. CONCLUSION SiMfest harnessed our institution's high-quality training, personnel resources, and diversity, equity, and inclusion values to bring historically marginalized students in medicine and department leadership together to learn about one another and offer experiential learning. SiMfest may serve as a model for other institutions to draw on their strengths to develop innovative recruitment programs that promote the education and engagement of undergraduate and medical students from historically marginalized populations while simultaneously promoting diversity, equity, and inclusion culture change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okeoma Mmeje
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
| | - Marcia Perry
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr., Ann, Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Patricia Andreski
- Michigan Medicine Office for Health Equity and Inclusion, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Adrianne Haggins
- Michigan Medicine Office for Health Equity and Inclusion, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - David J Brown
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Objective measures of residency applicants do not correlate to success within residency. While industry and business utilize standardized interviews with blinding and structured questions, residency programs have yet to uniformly incorporate these techniques. This review focuses on an in-depth evaluation of these practices and how they impact interview formatting and resident selection. RECENT FINDINGS Structured interviews use standardized questions that are behaviorally or situationally anchored. This requires careful creation of a scoring rubric and interviewer training, ultimately leading to improved interrater agreements and biases as compared to traditional interviews. Blinded interviews eliminate even further biases, such as halo, horn, and affinity bias. This has also been seen in using multiple interviewers, such as in the multiple mini-interview format, which also contributes to increased diversity in programs. These structured formats can be adopted to the virtual interviews as well. There is growing literature that using structured interviews reduces bias, increases diversity, and recruits successful residents. Further research to measure the extent of incorporating this method into residency interviews will be needed in the future.
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Cox WC, McLaughlin JE, Hammill O, Ives TJ. Increasing access to the profession: Admissions lessons learned from the pandemic. CURRENTS IN PHARMACY TEACHING & LEARNING 2022; 14:1305-1308. [PMID: 36184297 PMCID: PMC9520401 DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The disruptions induced by the COVID-19 pandemic have forced quick and significant changes to recruitment and admissions practices in colleges of pharmacy. This process has helped to identify barriers and challenges for prospective students. At the University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, some changes were already under consideration prior to the pandemic, such as moving to test-optional admissions and allowing remote interviews, while new considerations included offering the entire recruitment and admissions process remotely. METHODS In 2020-2021, the decision was made to move to test-optional admissions. A separate decision was made to conduct interviews remotely. Data from the admission cycle were collected from the Pharmacy College Application Service as part of the standard admissions process and exported for analysis. Descriptive statistics (mean ± SD) were used. RESULTS Completed applications increased by 59.1% in 2020-2021 from the previous year. Applications increased by 9.8% from underrepresented students, by 6.2% from those with a bachelor's degree, and by 8.4% by out of state students. Other admissions metrics, such as the mean grade point average (3.50) and mean Pharmacy College Admissions Test composite percentile (88%), did not change. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic experience validated our perspective that we must continue to embrace change and seize opportunities to reduce barriers for prospective students to improve access to the profession. The changes that this pandemic has necessitated may help to close the gaps in accessing health professions education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy C Cox
- Division of Practice Advancement and Clinical Education, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 100J Beard Hall, CB 7566, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7566, United States.
| | - Jacqueline E McLaughlin
- Division of Practice Advancement and Clinical Education, Center for Innovative Pharmacy Education and Research, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 100J Beard Hall, CB 7566, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7566, United States
| | - Olivia Hammill
- College Recruiter, Kimley-Horn, 11400 Commerce Park Dr., Suite 400, Reston, VA 20191, United States
| | - Timothy J Ives
- Division of Practice Advancement and Clinical Education, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 100J Beard Hall, CB 7566, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7566, United States
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Aguwa UT, Aguwa CJ, Onor GI, Srikumaran D, Canner J, Knight OJ, Green LK, Woreta F. Racial and Ethnic Diversity Within U.S. Residencies: Trends from 2011 to 2019. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION 2022; 79:587-594. [PMID: 35153146 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Examine trends in the proportion of underrepresented minority (URM) residents from 2011 to 2019 across all specialties and investigate differences between surgical and non-surgical specialties. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING N/A. PARTICIPANTS The authors extracted data on the proportion of URM residents in all specialties from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education yearly reports. RESULTS There was a statistically significant decline in the proportion of URM residents in surgical specialties (p < 0.01) from 2011 (9.9%) to 2019 (9.1%) and a significant increase in the proportion of URM residents in non-surgical specialties (p < 0.01) from 2011 (9.6%) to 2019 (10.2%). CONCLUSIONS This study emphasizes the need to increase recruitment of URMs in medicine, especially in surgical specialties. Findings from this study can inform much-needed initiatives to address barriers to entry for diverse applicants within specialties that lack diversity and have shown minimal improvement over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugochi T Aguwa
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Chibuzo J Aguwa
- Meharry Medical College School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Gabriel I Onor
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Divya Srikumaran
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joseph Canner
- Johns Hopkins Surgery Center for Outcomes Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - O'Rese J Knight
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Laura K Green
- Department of Ophthalmology, Krieger Eye Institute, Sinai Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Fasika Woreta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
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Mentoring for diversity and inclusion in pediatric radiology: nurturing the next generation of physicians from underrepresented minorities. Pediatr Radiol 2022; 52:1730-1736. [PMID: 35622092 PMCID: PMC9136795 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-022-05390-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The increasing recognition of the need for a diverse workforce as a tool for excellence in medicine has fortified the efforts toward recruitment, retention and development of faculty from racial and ethnic minorities. Despite these efforts, individuals of Black, Hispanic, American Indian and Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander backgrounds remain vastly underrepresented in the radiology workforce. The main impediments to increasing their representation are an insufficient pipeline and the long time required to train a pediatric radiologist. A greater representation of minorities can only be achieved through the enduring nurturing of future pediatric radiologists along every step in the professional life cycle of a physician, from high school through fellowship completion. Restructuring of faculty recruitment and faculty development policies is also required. A key component of faculty development and overall wellness is mentorship. Junior faculty, particularly those from racial and ethnic minorities, benefit from the experience, advice and support of more experienced radiologists. Successful mentorship is key to ensuring that staff from underrepresented backgrounds thrive within their institutions and in turn become successful mentors to younger individuals, thus completing a virtuous cycle of minority mentorship.
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Diversity in radiology: the right thing to do, the smart thing to do. Pediatr Radiol 2022; 52:1711-1718. [PMID: 35732842 PMCID: PMC9217720 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-022-05416-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In the 10-year period between the last two U.S. population censuses there have been significant changes in the U.S. population demography. The changes in self-reporting of racial and ethnic identity afforded by the most recent U.S. population census in 2020 have given citizens the opportunity to be represented in ways that truly reflect how they wish to be identified. At the same time, the diversity of the health care workforce in radiology has not reflected a similar change. While there have been small incremental changes for underrepresented groups (African Americans/Blacks, Hispanic ethnicity, and the group American Indian/Alaska Native/Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander), these changes have not kept pace with the ever-changing demographics of the U.S. population. Part of the answer for these very modest gains must lie with our selection processes for identifying potential candidates from underrepresented in medicine groups (URiM) for acceptance to our medical schools, residency programs and employment opportunities as practicing physicians and faculty members. While the strategies employed have had some measure of success, our best efforts to increase diversity in our specialty, and in medicine in general, are being undermined by our biases and our traditional methods for identifying talents.
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Kollu T, Giutashvili T, Uppal P, Ruffner R, Mortensen M. Diversity in Academic Laryngology: An Evaluation of Academic Advancement and Research Productivity. Laryngoscope 2021; 132:1245-1250. [PMID: 34726277 DOI: 10.1002/lary.29918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diversity within the medical profession with respect to sex and racial minorities has been shown to have a positive effect on health and healthcare. Characterization of a field is key to evaluating trends and the advancement of diversity in an otolaryngology subspecialty. STUDY DESIGN Observational study. METHODS A comprehensive list of all the academic laryngologists was compiled from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education accredited otolaryngology residency programs in 2020. The last 20 past presidents of the American Laryngological Association (ALA) and American Broncho-Esophogological Association (ABEA) were analyzed. Academic rank and years in practice were determined from departmental websites, with online search tools used as secondary resources. The h-index was utilized as a measure of research productivity. Regression analysis was performed to analyze these variables. RESULTS There are 184 academic laryngologists in the 124 programs. The majority of the population is Caucasian 76.6% (141/184), followed by Asian 16.3% (30/184), African American 4.34% (8/184), and then Hispanic 1% (2/184). There are 47 full professors with 83% Caucasian, 14.1% Asian, and 2.1% African American and 91.5% male and only 8.5% female. Past ALA presidents were 90% male and for the ABEA 75% male. H-index revealed a statistically significant difference between Caucasian and African American colleagues [P value (<.0005)]. CONCLUSIONS Minorities are disproportionately underrepresented in laryngology. Women are less likely to be in leadership roles in laryngology and become full professors. Laryngology lags behind other surgical specialties in the representation of minorities and women. Continued efforts should be made to increase diversity in the field of laryngology, especially in regard to underrepresented minorities. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A Laryngoscope, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejas Kollu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Albany Medical Center, Albany, New York, U.S.A
| | | | - Priya Uppal
- Department of Otolaryngology, Albany Medical Center, Albany, New York, U.S.A
| | - Randall Ruffner
- Department of Otolaryngology, Albany Medical Center, Albany, New York, U.S.A
| | - Melissa Mortensen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Albany Medical Center, Albany, New York, U.S.A
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Mendiola M, Modest AM, Huang GC. Striving for Diversity: National Survey of OB-GYN Program Directors Reporting Residency Recruitment Strategies for Underrepresented Minorities. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION 2021; 78:1476-1482. [PMID: 33726949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize strategies among OB-GYN residency programs to recruit underrepresented minorities in medicine, the relative effectiveness of these approaches, and the associated barriers to recruitment. DESIGN We conducted a survey to solicit strategies from OB-GYN PDs at 253 United States (U.S.) accredited programs for recruiting underrepresented minorities in medicine (URiM) applicants. We also sought their relative effectiveness and barriers to recruitment. SETTING A national survey of U.S. accredited residency programs in OB-GYN in 2017-2018. RESULTS A total of 56 (22% response rate) PDs responded. Programs reported either "some" or "significant emphasis" on URiM recruitment (77%), with only 32% employing specific recruitment strategies. Fifteen (83%) reported using race and/or ethnicity data in the U.S.'s centralized electronic residency application service, 10 (56%) recruiting applicants from URiM association events, 9 (50%) meeting with potential URiMs prior to official interviews, and 5 (28%) offering a second visit. Efforts perceived to be most effective were second visits (39%), identifying race/ethnicity in electronic residency application service (33%), URiM recruitment events (28%), and individual phone calls (22%). Barriers included the lack of applicant pool (32%), lack of department diversity (29%) and lack of institutional diversity (30%). CONCLUSIONS This systematic collation of URiM recruitment practices and perceptions of their effectiveness represents a toolbox of options for residency programs to consider in diversifying their workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Mendiola
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anna M Modest
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Grace C Huang
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Patel SR, St Pierre F, Velazquez AI, Ananth S, Durani U, Anampa-Guzmán A, Castillo K, Dhawan N, Oxentenko AS, Duma N. The Matilda Effect: Underrecognition of Women in Hematology and Oncology Awards. Oncologist 2021; 26:779-786. [PMID: 34157172 DOI: 10.1002/onco.13871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proportion of women in the field of hematology and oncology (H&O) has increased over recent decades, but the representation of women in leadership positions remains poor. In an effort to close the gender gap in academia, it is important to report on such inequities in hopes to close these gaps and improve career development. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective, observational study of published award recipients from 1994 to 2019 from the seven major H&O societies in the world. Gender was determined based on publicly available data. The χ2 and Cochran-Armitage tests were used for data analysis. RESULTS Of the 1,642 awardees over the past 26 years, 915 met inclusion criteria. Award recipients were overwhelmingly men (77.9%) and non-Hispanic White (84.7%). Women awardees received 30.3% of the humanistic and education-related awards, whereas only receiving 16.0% of basic science awards (p < .01). Women represent 35.6% of all hematologists and oncologists but only received 24.0% of awards given to these physicians (p = .004). Black, Hispanic, and Asian awardees represented 3.7%, 3.3%, and 6.8% of the total awardees, respectively. CONCLUSION From 1994 to 2019, women were less likely to receive recognition awards from the seven major H&O societies studied compared with men. We also observed a considerably low proportion of minority awardees across all oncology subspecialties. Further studies examining how selection criteria favor either gender would be warranted in order to achieve equal representation in academic awards. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE In this study, women and minority groups were found to be underrepresented amongst award recipients. Significant disparities were seen in disciplines that have been historically male predominant, such as basic sciences. As awards on an international level enhance academic resumes and assist with career advancement, it is important that awards are being given in an equitable manner. First steps to promote diversity and inclusion in academic medicine is reporting of gender and racial disparities in various areas of academia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti R Patel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Frederique St Pierre
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Northwestern Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ana I Velazquez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Snegha Ananth
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Urshila Durani
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Andrea Anampa-Guzmán
- Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, San Fernando Faculty of Human Medicine, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Natasha Dhawan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Amy S Oxentenko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Narjust Duma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Medical Oncology and Palliative Care, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Jones HP, Thorpe RJ, Vishwanatha JK. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke's efforts on diversifying the neuroscience research workforce. J Neurosci Res 2021; 100:1545-1550. [PMID: 34085300 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Research innovation that leads to discovery in the battle against neurological disease and disorders requires diverse ideas. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, one of the National Institutes of Health's 27 institutes and centers, strives to reduce the burden of neurological disease and disorders. The National Institutes of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke is very interested in increasing the diversity of researchers by addressing the existing barriers responsible for the low numbers of underrepresented populations from traditionally minority-serving institutions (MSIs) and non-minority serving institutions (non-MSIs). This commentary provides insight on the persistent underrepresentation of racial/ethnic minorities entering neuroscience research careers paths, focusing on multiples levels within the scientific academy and the supportive role that both MSIs and non-MSIs play in increasing diversity in the biomedical research workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harlan P Jones
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.,Center for Diversity and International Programs, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.,Texas Center for Health Disparities, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Roland J Thorpe
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.,Hopkins Center for Health Disparities Solutions, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jamboor K Vishwanatha
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.,Center for Diversity and International Programs, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.,Texas Center for Health Disparities, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
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15
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Roche R, Manzi J, Kruithoff BC. The Benefits of Being a "Buddy": Exploring the Medical Student Experience As Mentor to Minority High-School Students. Health Equity 2021; 5:1-7. [PMID: 33564734 PMCID: PMC7868571 DOI: 10.1089/heq.2020.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose:The Aspiring Doctors Precollege Program at Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine serves to introduce underrepresented minority (URM) high-school students to careers in health care as well as introducing URM high-school students to medical student mentors. Each month, medical students and their student mentees connect through a variety of activities on the medical college campus. While the program has significant benefit for the mentees, it also provides professional development opportunities for the medical students as mentors. Many researchers have written on the value of mentored relationships between medical students and established physicians; however, exploring the benefits of medical student mentorship has yet to be discussed in the literature. Objectives: The primary objectives of this study are to understand medical student perceptions of being a mentor and describe the contributions to their medical education. Methods: Semistructured interviews were conducted with student mentors regarding their experiences serving in this program. These interviews were inductively coded for significant ideas, themes, and patterns. Results: A series of 12 research interviews were conducted with medical students who have participated in The Aspiring Doctors program for at least three semesters. Major themes that emerged from the analysis include the following: the importance of guidance in medicine through person-to-person mentoring, and identification of future career aspirations. Summary/Conclusions: Medical student mentors found this program to be a valuable addition to their educational experience. Mentoring URM high-school students offers pre-clinical medical students the opportunity to connect with their community and envision themselves serving as physicians in underresourced communities. Simultaneously, it provides a meaningful way of paying-it-forward during their education. Further studies can be done to track the outcomes of the medical students with respect to their designations stated while participating in this program, the role of mentorship on professional identity development, and possible effects on preventing/mitigating burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosellen Roche
- Department of Primary Care, Ohio University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Joel Manzi
- Department of Primary Care, Ohio University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Bradley C Kruithoff
- Department of Primary Care, Ohio University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Goines J, Iledare E, Ander D, Wallenstein J, Anachebe N, Elks M, Franks N, White M, Shayne P, Henn M, Heron SL. A Model Partnership: Mentoring Underrepresented Students in Medicine (URiM) in Emergency Medicine. West J Emerg Med 2020; 22:213-217. [PMID: 33856302 PMCID: PMC7972354 DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2020.9.48923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Creating a racially and ethnically diverse workforce remains a challenge for medical specialties, including emergency medicine (EM). One area to examine is a partnership between a predominantly white institution (PWI) with a historically black college and university (HBCU) to determine whether this partnership would increase the number of underrepresented in medicine (URiM) in EM who are from a HBCU. Methods Twenty years ago Emory Department of Emergency Medicine began its collaboration with Morehouse School of Medicine (MSM) to provide guidance to MSM students who were interested in EM. Since its inception, our engagement and intervention has evolved over time to include mentorship and guidance from the EM clerkship director, program director, and key faculty. Results Since the beginning of the MSM-Emory EM partnership, 115 MSM students have completed an EM clerkship at Emory. Seventy-two of those students (62.6%) have successfully matched into an EM residency program. Of those who matched into EM, 22 (32%) have joined the Emory EM residency program with the remaining 50 students matching at 40 other EM programs across the nation. Conclusion Based on our experience and outcomes with the Emory-MSM partnership, we are confident that a partnership with an HBCU school without an EM residency should be considered by residency programs to increase the number of URiM students in EM, which could perhaps translate to other specialties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Goines
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Elizabeth Iledare
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Douglas Ander
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Joshua Wallenstein
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ngozi Anachebe
- Morehouse School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Martha Elks
- Morehouse School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Nicole Franks
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Melissa White
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Philip Shayne
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Megan Henn
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sheryl L Heron
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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Roche R, Manzi J, Baker S, Ndubuizu T. Under-represented minority students and identification of obstacles to a career in medicine. CLINICAL TEACHER 2020; 18:186-190. [PMID: 33258266 DOI: 10.1111/tct.13312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The Aspiring Doctors Precollege Program is an innovative pipeline program designed to introduce under-represented minority (URM) high school students to career in medicine. A total of 52 students have completed this year-long program. This study sought to provide insight into student perceptions of barriers to entry and success in the medical field. METHODS Each year, students were selected based on a competitive application process. At the end of the program, students were asked to complete a survey evaluating their experiences in this program and their level of interest in medicine. Students were specifically asked to provide rational for their college/career choices and to identify obstacles they perceived as barriers to a career in medicine. RESULTS Students repeatedly identified competitiveness, duration, and cost of training as major obstacles to a medical career. Although the majority of students intended to pursue medical education, in the post-survey, a small minority (15%) revealed they were no longer interested in medical education. CONCLUSIONS All participants highlighted competitiveness, duration, and cost of training as obstacles to their future career. While this resulted in a change in career plans for some, other remained committed to careers in medicine. This work illustrates the importance of acknowledging the impact these factors can have on URM students at early stages of the education. In order to increase the diversity of the health care workforce, systemic solutions must be sought to ensure equitable financial access and pre-medical opportunities be afforded to all qualified students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosellen Roche
- Department of Primary Care, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Warrensville Heights, Ohio, USA
| | - Joel Manzi
- Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Warrensville Heights, Ohio, USA
| | - Samantha Baker
- Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Warrensville Heights, Ohio, USA
| | - Terra Ndubuizu
- Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Warrensville Heights, Ohio, USA
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18
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Lu JD, Tiwana S, Das P, Siddiqi J, Khosa F. Gender and racial underrepresentation in academic dermatology positions in the United States: A retrospective, cross-sectional study from 2007 to 2018. J Am Acad Dermatol 2020; 83:1513-1516. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Gonzaga AMR, Appiah-Pippim J, Onumah CM, Yialamas MA. A Framework for Inclusive Graduate Medical Education Recruitment Strategies: Meeting the ACGME Standard for a Diverse and Inclusive Workforce. ACADEMIC MEDICINE : JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES 2020; 95:710-716. [PMID: 31702694 DOI: 10.1097/acm.0000000000003073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To help address health care disparities and promote higher-quality, culturally sensitive care in the United States, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education and other governing bodies propose cultivating a more diverse physician workforce. In addition, improved training and patient outcomes have been demonstrated for diverse care teams. However, prioritizing graduate medical education (GME) diversity and inclusion efforts can be challenging and unidimensional diversity initiatives typically result in failure.Little literature exists regarding actionable steps to promote diversity in GME. Building on existing literature and the authors' experiences at different institutions, the authors propose a 5-point inclusive recruitment framework for diversifying GME training programs. This article details each of the 5 steps of the framework, which begins with strong institutional support by setting diversity as a priority. Forming a cycle, the other 4 steps are seeking out candidates, implementing inclusive recruitment practices, investing in trainee success, and building the pipeline. Practical strategies for each step and recommendations for measurable outcomes for continued support for this work are provided. The proposed framework may better equip colleagues and leaders in academic medicine to prioritize and effectively promote diversity and inclusion in GME at their respective institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alda Maria R Gonzaga
- A.M.R. Gonzaga is associate professor, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, and medicine-pediatrics residency program director, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. J. Appiah-Pippim is associate professor, Department of Medicine, AU/UGA Medical Partnership, and program director, Transitional Year Residency, Piedmont Athens Regional, Athens, Georgia. C.M. Onumah is assistant professor, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC. M.A. Yialamas is assistant professor, Harvard Medical School, and associate program director, Brigham and Women's Hospital Internal Medicine Residency, Boston, Massachusetts
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20
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Lin JS, Lattanza LL, Weber KL, Balch Samora J. Improving Sexual, Racial, and Ethnic Diversity in Orthopedics: An Imperative. Orthopedics 2020; 43:e134-e140. [PMID: 32003842 DOI: 10.3928/01477447-20200129-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Orthopedics is the least diverse medical specialty. From residents to faculty, the representation of women and underrepresented minorities lags behind that of all other specialties. The crux of the disparity stems from the pipeline, as medical students who are female and are underrepresented minorities are simply not applying to orthopedic surgery. Grassroots efforts providing early exposure to orthopedics have led to a considerable proportion of alumnae pursuing science majors and eventually medical school. Institutions with a stated commitment to diversity have successfully produced residency classes with greater diversity. The culture should be one that combats biases, dispels misconceptions about orthopedics, and prioritizes recruiting/retaining diverse providers. [Orthopedics. 2020;43(3):e134-e140.].
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21
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Mayo D, Mulitalo KE, Howard L. Mentoring for Success in Physician Assistant Profession Pipelines. J Physician Assist Educ 2019; 30:230-232. [PMID: 31664005 DOI: 10.1097/jpa.0000000000000280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Darryl Mayo
- Darryl Mayo, MPAS, PA, is an instructor and clinical coordinator of Clinical Family Medicine for the Primary Care Physician Assistant Program at Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Alhambra, California. Karen E. Mulitalo, MPAS, PA-C, is an assistant professor at the Utah Valley University Physician Assistant Program, Orem, Utah. Leslie Howard, PA, is a pipeline recruitment coordinator for the Primary Care Physician Assistant Program at Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Alhambra, California
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22
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Simon MA, Fitzgibbon M, Ciecierski C, Cooper JM, Martinez E, Tom L, Kanoon J, Feinglass J, Warnecke R, Stuart M, Stern M, Filus L, Winn RA. Building Cross-Institutional Collaborative Infrastructure and Processes: Early Lessons From the Chicago Cancer Health Equity Collaborative. Prog Community Health Partnersh 2019; 13:5-13. [PMID: 31378727 DOI: 10.1353/cpr.2019.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Addressing cancer health disparities requires a multitiered, comprehensive approach. The Chicago Cancer Health Equity Collaborative (ChicagoCHEC) was established as a tri-institutional partnership to advance cancer health equity through scientific discovery, education, and community engagement. OBJECTIVES Large-scale partnerships rarely document the challenges encountered when establishing processes and operations in the formative years of engagement. We outline selected lessons learned from the first three years of ChicagoCHEC in hopes that future collaborations may be better poised to hit the ground running and create the needed infrastructure for a strong, effective, and sustainable partnership. LESSONS LEARNED Unifying a diverse group of stakeholders under a shared mission is imperative. A shared governance structure, in which all individuals understand the aims of partnership and can facilitate progress, is crucial for success. Ongoing monitoring of collaborative processes should occur and attention should be given to the optimization of communications. CONCLUSIONS Large-scale collaborative research and education projects across institutions can be challenging, particularly when establishing a working infrastructure and aligning priorities. However, the benefit of establishing key processes in the early years of the collaborative process can lead to high-quality research output, impact, and a sustainable partnership.
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Braileanu M, Risk BB, Kadom N, Mullins ME, Krupinski EA, Saindane AM, Weinberg BD. Structured Curriculum Vitae Scoring as a Standardized Tool for Selecting Interview Candidates for Academic Neuroradiology Faculty Positions. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2019; 49:377-381. [PMID: 31326142 DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Interview selection of candidates for academic radiology faculty positions is variable and subject to unconscious biases. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively apply a quantitative curriculum vitae (CV) rubric as a screening tool to identify qualified candidates for further consideration in the hiring process. MATERIALS AND METHODS Archived CVs submitted by applicants between 2012 and 2017 for neuroradiology faculty positions at our institution were anonymized. One blinded reviewer scored resumes based on categories that included education, work experience, extracurricular/teaching experience, and research. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristics analysis were performed. This study was IRB exempted. RESULTS Of the total 102 applicants, 17 interviews were conducted and 10 candidates were offered a position. Maximum score of the model was 24 points. Mean score was 14 ± 4 (n = 102, range 5-22). Higher total CV score (P = 0.01), medical school ranking (P = 0.03), and number of published manuscripts (P = 0.03) were significantly associated with interview selection. The area under the curve in the ROC analysis for differentiating interview selection based on total CV scoring was 0.69 (95% confidence interval 0.56-0.82). At a cutoff of 14, the model is 82.4% sensitive, and 54.1% specific. CONCLUSION Standardized CV scoring is feasible with a cut-off score of 14 points providing high sensitivity in identifying candidates eligible for interview. This tool can potentially be applied in the future to the hiring process as it is neutral to factors such as gender and race and provides an opportunity to address diversity in academic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Braileanu
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Benjamin B Risk
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Nadja Kadom
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Mark E Mullins
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Elizabeth A Krupinski
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Amit M Saindane
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Brent D Weinberg
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA.
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Garrick JF, Perez B, Anaebere TC, Craine P, Lyons C, Lee T. The Diversity Snowball Effect: The Quest to Increase Diversity in Emergency Medicine: A Case Study of Highland's Emergency Medicine Residency Program. Ann Emerg Med 2019; 73:639-647. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2019.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Derck J, Yates E, Kuo M, Hwang C, Sturdavant W, Ross P, Finks J, Sandhu G. Exploring the Impact Factor: Medical Students Mentoring High School Students and Cultivating Cultural Humility. Health Equity 2018; 2:15-21. [PMID: 30283847 PMCID: PMC6071896 DOI: 10.1089/heq.2017.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Diversity at all levels of medical training remains relatively stagnant, despite efforts to address equity in medical schools. Early career-specific mentoring may address barriers to the pursuit of medical education for students underrepresented in medicine (URiM). By surveying a program that engages medical students as drivers of career-specific mentorship for URiM high school students, this study evaluates medical student mentors' experiences mentoring and seeks to develop a mentorship curriculum. Methods: The authors describe a medical student-led pipeline program, which connects medical students with URiM high school students. Medical student mentors participated in focus groups and gave written responses evaluating reasons for involvement, sociocultural attitudes, and skills needed for mentoring. Thematic analysis was applied. Results: Themes that emerged in this analysis include motivation to mentor, skills used to approach the mentoring relationship, and benefits to the mentor. Mentors felt their experiences had a high impact factor, and they employed dynamic discovery. It provided personal reward and a deeper understanding of disparities. Conclusion: Bringing medical school mentors together for peer to peer idea sharing, creating communities of practice, will help these students develop effective mentorship skills. A curriculum based on appreciative inquiry of mentors' strengths will enrich idea sharing, fostering cultural humility and avoiding burnout. Medical students involved in this program believe they gained benefits, including improving their mentorship skills, expanding their cultural humility, increasing their comfort with caring for underserved populations, and improving their ability to recognize health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Derck
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Molly Kuo
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Charles Hwang
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Paula Ross
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jonathon Finks
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Gurjit Sandhu
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Learning Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Defining Underrepresented Minorities and Promoting Holistic Review Admission Strategies in Physical Therapist Education. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1097/jte.0000000000000009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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White C, Conway JM, Davis PK, Johnson-Fannin AM, Jurkas JG, Murphy NL, Smith WT, Echeverri M, Youmans SL, Owings KC, Adams JL. AACP Special Taskforce White Paper on Diversifying Our Investment in Human Capital. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2017; 81:S13. [PMID: 29200461 PMCID: PMC5701336 DOI: 10.5688/ajpes13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The 2015-2017 American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP) Special Taskforce on Diversifying our Investment in Human Capital was appointed for a two-year term, due to the rigors and complexities of its charges. This report serves as a white paper for academic pharmacy on diversifying our investment in human capital. The Taskforce developed and recommended a representation statement that was adapted and adopted by the AACP House of Delegates at the 2016 AACP Annual Meeting. In addition, the Taskforce developed a diversity statement for the Association that was adopted by the AACP Board of Directors in 2017. The Taskforce also provides recommendations to AACP and to academic pharmacy in this white paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla White
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | | | - Paula K Davis
- Office of the Senior Vice Chancellor, University of Pittsburgh
| | | | | | - Nanci L Murphy
- School of Pharmacy, School of Nursing, University of Washington
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Ho JQ, Kuschner WG. Comment on "Early Innovative Immersion: A Course for Pre-Medical Professions Students Using Point-of-Care Ultrasound". JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2017; 36:1074-1075. [PMID: 28425674 DOI: 10.1002/jum.14201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jim Q Ho
- Middlebury College, Middlebury, Vermont, USA
| | - Ware G Kuschner
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Section, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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Appleyard CB, Antonia SJ, Sullivan DM, Santiago-Cardona PG, Cáceres W, Velez H, Torres-Ruiz JA, Wright KL. Building a long distance training program to enhance clinical cancer research capacity in Puerto Rico. Rev Recent Clin Trials 2015; 9:254-62. [PMID: 25626061 DOI: 10.2174/1574887110666150127110721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Barriers persist in the development and delivery of effective cancer therapies to under-represented minority populations. In Puerto Rico, cancer is the second leading cause of death, yet cancer research awareness and training opportunities remain somewhat limited on the island. These limitations hinder progress toward decreasing the cancer health disparities that exist within the Puerto Rican population. The predominantly Hispanic population of Puerto Rico is the focus of a partnership between the Ponce Health Sciences University-Medical School and Ponce Research Institute (PHSU) in Ponce, Puerto Rico and the H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center in Tampa, Florida. The Partnership goals are to reduce these barriers through an integrated, multipronged approach of training and education alongside outreach and research components. This report describes the approaches, successes and challenges of enhancing clinical cancer research capacity on the island and the unique challenges of a partnership between two institutes physically separated by long distances. Once fully developed this model may be exportable to other Latin American countries where the need is even greater.
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