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Patel MJ, Emerenini C, Wang X, Bottiglieri T, Kitzman H. Metabolomic and Physiological Effects of a Cardiorenal Protective Diet Intervention in African American Adults with Chronic Kidney Disease. Metabolites 2024; 14:300. [PMID: 38921435 PMCID: PMC11205948 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14060300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) impacts 14% of adults in the United States, and African American (AA) individuals are disproportionately affected, with more than 3 times higher risk of kidney failure as compared to White individuals. This study evaluated the effects of base-producing fruit and vegetables (FVs) on cardiorenal outcomes in AA persons with CKD and hypertension (HTN) in a low socioeconomic area. The "Cardiorenal Protective Diet" prospective randomized trial evaluated the effects of a 6-week, community-based FV intervention compared to a waitlist control (WL) in 91 AA adults (age = 58.3 ± 10.1 years, 66% female, 48% income ≤ USD 25K). Biometric and metabolomic variables were collected at baseline and 6 weeks post-intervention. The change in health outcomes for both groups was statistically insignificant (p > 0.05), though small reductions in albumin to creatinine ratio, body mass index, total cholesterol, and systolic blood pressure were observed in the FV group. Metabolomic profiling identified key markers (p < 0.05), including C3, C5, 1-Met-His, kynurenine, PC ae 38:5, and choline, indicating kidney function decline in the WL group. Overall, delivering a directed cardiorenal protective diet intervention improved cardiorenal outcomes in AA adults with CKD and HTN. Additionally, metabolomic profiling may serve as a prognostic technique for the early identification of biomarkers as indicators for worsening CKD and increased CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera J. Patel
- Peter J. O’Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
| | - Chiamaka Emerenini
- College of Natural Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA;
| | - Xuan Wang
- Center of Metabolomics, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX 75204, USA; (X.W.); (T.B.)
| | - Teodoro Bottiglieri
- Center of Metabolomics, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Dallas, TX 75204, USA; (X.W.); (T.B.)
| | - Heather Kitzman
- Peter J. O’Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
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Randle RK, Amara VR, Popik W. IFI16 Is Indispensable for Promoting HIF-1α-Mediated APOL1 Expression in Human Podocytes under Hypoxic Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3324. [PMID: 38542298 PMCID: PMC10970439 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25063324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Genetic variants in the protein-coding regions of APOL1 are associated with an increased risk and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in African Americans. Hypoxia exacerbates CKD progression by stabilizing HIF-1α, which induces APOL1 transcription in kidney podocytes. However, the contribution of additional mediators to regulating APOL1 expression under hypoxia in podocytes is unknown. Here, we report that a transient accumulation of HIF-1α in hypoxia is sufficient to upregulate APOL1 expression in podocytes through a cGAS/STING/IRF3-independent pathway. Notably, IFI16 ablation impedes hypoxia-driven APOL1 expression despite the nuclear accumulation of HIF-1α. Co-immunoprecipitation assays indicate no direct interaction between IFI16 and HIF-1α. Our studies identify hypoxia response elements (HREs) in the APOL1 gene enhancer/promoter region, showing increased HIF-1α binding to HREs located in the APOL1 gene enhancer. Luciferase reporter assays confirm the role of these HREs in transcriptional activation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-qPCR assays demonstrate that IFI16 is not recruited to HREs, and IFI16 deletion reduces HIF-1α binding to APOL1 HREs. RT-qPCR analysis indicates that IFI16 selectively affects APOL1 expression, with a negligible impact on other hypoxia-responsive genes in podocytes. These findings highlight the unique contribution of IFI16 to hypoxia-driven APOL1 gene expression and suggest alternative IFI16-dependent mechanisms regulating APOL1 gene expression under hypoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richaundra K. Randle
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Graduate Studies, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA;
- Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA;
| | - Venkateswara Rao Amara
- Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA;
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur 844102, Bihar, India
| | - Waldemar Popik
- Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA;
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
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Datta S, Antonio BM, Zahler NH, Theile JW, Krafte D, Zhang H, Rosenberg PB, Chaves AB, Muoio DM, Zhang G, Silas D, Li G, Soldano K, Nystrom S, Ferreira D, Miller SE, Bain JR, Muehlbauer MJ, Ilkayeva O, Becker TC, Hohmeier HE, Newgard CB, Olabisi OA. APOL1-mediated monovalent cation transport contributes to APOL1-mediated podocytopathy in kidney disease. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e172262. [PMID: 38227370 PMCID: PMC10904047 DOI: 10.1172/jci172262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Two coding variants of apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1), called G1 and G2, explain much of the excess risk of kidney disease in African Americans. While various cytotoxic phenotypes have been reported in experimental models, the proximal mechanism by which G1 and G2 cause kidney disease is poorly understood. Here, we leveraged 3 experimental models and a recently reported small molecule blocker of APOL1 protein, VX-147, to identify the upstream mechanism of G1-induced cytotoxicity. In HEK293 cells, we demonstrated that G1-mediated Na+ import/K+ efflux triggered activation of GPCR/IP3-mediated calcium release from the ER, impaired mitochondrial ATP production, and impaired translation, which were all reversed by VX-147. In human urine-derived podocyte-like epithelial cells (HUPECs), we demonstrated that G1 caused cytotoxicity that was again reversible by VX-147. Finally, in podocytes isolated from APOL1 G1 transgenic mice, we showed that IFN-γ-mediated induction of G1 caused K+ efflux, activation of GPCR/IP3 signaling, and inhibition of translation, podocyte injury, and proteinuria, all reversed by VX-147. Together, these results establish APOL1-mediated Na+/K+ transport as the proximal driver of APOL1-mediated kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somenath Datta
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Hengtao Zhang
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Paul B. Rosenberg
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alec B. Chaves
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Deborah M. Muoio
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Guofang Zhang
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Daniel Silas
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Guojie Li
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Karen Soldano
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sarah Nystrom
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Davis Ferreira
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sara E. Miller
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - James R. Bain
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael J. Muehlbauer
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Olga Ilkayeva
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Thomas C. Becker
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hans-Ewald Hohmeier
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christopher B. Newgard
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Opeyemi A. Olabisi
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Lecordier L, Heo P, Graversen JH, Hennig D, Skytthe MK, Cornet d'Elzius A, Pincet F, Pérez-Morga D, Pays E. Apolipoproteins L1 and L3 control mitochondrial membrane dynamics. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113528. [PMID: 38041817 PMCID: PMC10765320 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoproteins L1 and L3 (APOLs) are associated at the Golgi with the membrane fission factors phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase-IIIB (PI4KB) and non-muscular myosin 2A. Either APOL1 C-terminal truncation (APOL1Δ) or APOL3 deletion (APOL3-KO [knockout]) reduces PI4KB activity and triggers actomyosin reorganization. We report that APOL3, but not APOL1, controls PI4KB activity through interaction with PI4KB and neuronal calcium sensor-1 or calneuron-1. Both APOLs are present in Golgi-derived autophagy-related protein 9A vesicles, which are involved in PI4KB trafficking. Like APOL3-KO, APOL1Δ induces PI4KB dissociation from APOL3, linked to reduction of mitophagy flux and production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. APOL1 and APOL3, respectively, can interact with the mitophagy receptor prohibitin-2 and the mitophagosome membrane fusion factor vesicle-associated membrane protein-8 (VAMP8). While APOL1 conditions PI4KB and APOL3 involvement in mitochondrion fission and mitophagy, APOL3-VAMP8 interaction promotes fusion between mitophagosomal and endolysosomal membranes. We propose that APOL3 controls mitochondrial membrane dynamics through interactions with the fission factor PI4KB and the fusion factor VAMP8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Lecordier
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Paul Heo
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS), Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL), CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Cité, 75005 Paris, France; Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Jonas H Graversen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cancer and Inflammation Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Dorle Hennig
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cancer and Inflammation Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Maria Kløjgaard Skytthe
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cancer and Inflammation Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | | | - Frédéric Pincet
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS), Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL), CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Cité, 75005 Paris, France
| | - David Pérez-Morga
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium; Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging (CMMI), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Etienne Pays
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium.
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Daneshpajouhnejad P, Kopp JB, Winkler CA, Rosenberg AZ. The evolving story of apolipoprotein L1 nephropathy: the end of the beginning. Nat Rev Nephrol 2022; 18:307-320. [PMID: 35217848 PMCID: PMC8877744 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-022-00538-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Genetic coding variants in APOL1, which encodes apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1), were identified in 2010 and are relatively common among individuals of sub-Saharan African ancestry. Approximately 13% of African Americans carry two APOL1 risk alleles. These variants, termed G1 and G2, are a frequent cause of kidney disease — termed APOL1 nephropathy — that typically manifests as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and the clinical syndrome of hypertension and arterionephrosclerosis. Cell culture studies suggest that APOL1 variants cause cell dysfunction through several processes, including alterations in cation channel activity, inflammasome activation, increased endoplasmic reticulum stress, activation of protein kinase R, mitochondrial dysfunction and disruption of APOL1 ubiquitinylation. Risk of APOL1 nephropathy is mostly confined to individuals with two APOL1 risk variants. However, only a minority of individuals with two APOL1 risk alleles develop kidney disease, suggesting the need for a ‘second hit’. The best recognized factor responsible for this ‘second hit’ is a chronic viral infection, particularly HIV-1, resulting in interferon-mediated activation of the APOL1 promoter, although most individuals with APOL1 nephropathy do not have an obvious cofactor. Current therapies for APOL1 nephropathies are not adequate to halt progression of chronic kidney disease, and new targeted molecular therapies are in clinical trials. This Review summarizes current understanding of the role of APOL1 variants in kidney disease. The authors discuss the genetics, protein structure and biological functions of APOL1 variants and provide an overview of promising therapeutic strategies. In contrast to other APOL family members, which are primarily intracellular, APOL1 contains a unique secretory signal peptide, resulting in its secretion into plasma. APOL1 renal risk alleles provide protection from African human trypanosomiasis but are a risk factor for progressive kidney disease in those carrying two risk alleles. APOL1 risk allele frequency is ~35% in the African American population in the United States, with ~13% of individuals having two risk alleles; the highest allele frequencies are found in West African populations and their descendants. Cell and mouse models implicate endolysosomal and mitochondrial dysfunction, altered ion channel activity, altered autophagy, and activation of protein kinase R in the pathogenesis of APOL1-associated kidney disease; however, the relevance of these injury pathways to human disease has not been resolved. APOL1 kidney disease tends to be progressive, and current standard therapies are generally ineffective; targeted therapeutic strategies hold the most promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parnaz Daneshpajouhnejad
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Cheryl A Winkler
- Basic Research Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Avi Z Rosenberg
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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