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Goswami S, Sidhpuria RM, Khandekar S. Effect of Droplet-Laden Fibers on Aerodynamics of Fog Collection on Vertical Fiber Arrays. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:18238-18251. [PMID: 38059749 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Growing population, along with rapid urbanization, has led to severe water scarcity, necessitating development of novel techniques to mitigate this looming problem. Fog contains water in the form of liquid droplets suspended in air, which can be collected on a porous structure placed in the path of the fog flow. We first develop an artificial fog-generating system using the thermodynamic principle of mixing of air streams followed by condensation, which closely mimics the liquid water content and droplet size distribution of natural fog. We then investigate how collected fog droplets growing on fiber surfaces alter the aerodynamics of fog flow across vertical fiber arrays, called harps, thus affecting their fog collection efficiency. As deposited droplets grow on the fiber surface, they increase the area occluded by droplet-laden fibers, thus increasing the effective shade coefficient (SCact), which increases with time from its initial geometric value (SCgeo), eventually reaching a quasi-steady state, as droplet shedding due to gravity and droplet growth due to fog collection balance each other. We find that this difference in the SCgeo and SCact is governed by local fiber geometry and its physico-chemical morphology; the process dynamics is captured by a nondimensional number, SC*, which increases with the length scale corresponding to the critical volume of droplet shedding relative to the fiber diameter, V*. Thus, there is a significantly greater increase in the effective shade coefficient for thin fibers having larger values of V* as compared to fibers with larger diameters which have lower V* values. On hydrophobic fibers, the quasi-steady state is achieved faster, and the time-averaged SCact is lower as compared to hydrophilic fibers due to the lower critical volume of droplet shedding. The shape of droplets growing on harp fibers affects the aerodynamics of fog flow, its inertial capture mechanism, and efficiency, which can guide design considerations for fog harps toward achieving optimal fog collection performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohom Goswami
- Department Of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute Of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Ravi M Sidhpuria
- Department Of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute Of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Sameer Khandekar
- Department Of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute Of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
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2
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Zhou S, Jiang L, Dong Z. Overflow Control for Sustainable Development by Superwetting Surface with Biomimetic Structure. Chem Rev 2023; 123:2276-2310. [PMID: 35522923 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Liquid flowing around a solid edge, i.e., overflow, is a commonly observed flow behavior. Recent research into surface wetting properties and microstructure-controlled overflow behavior has attracted much attention. Achieving controllable macroscale liquid dynamics by manipulating the micro-nanoscale liquid overflow has stimulated diverse scientific interest and fostered widespread use in practical applications. In this review, we outline the evolution of overflow and present a critical survey of the mechanism of surface wetting properties and microstructure-controlled liquid overflow in multilength scales ranging from centimeter to micro and even nanoscale. We summarize the latest progress in utilizing the mechanisms to manipulate liquid overflow and achieve macroscale liquid dynamics and in emerging applications to manipulate overflow for sustainable development in various fields, along with challenges and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhichao Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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3
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Wang L. A critical review on robust self-cleaning properties of lotus leaf. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:1058-1075. [PMID: 36637093 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01521h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The robust self-cleaning of a lotus leaf is the most classic and powerful phenomenon in nature, whose hybrid papillae and biological wax guarantee its functions. The stability of the lotus leaf surface function is determined by its overall structural design, and is also the fundamental reason for its long-term survival in the natural environment. In fact, the durability of lotus leaf surface function is facilitated by the coordination of many factors which is why it is challenging to be investigated using bionic technology. In this review, we comprehensively examined the synergistic effects of flexible characteristics, surface topography, hollow interlayers, leaf shape, and bent petioles on the structural stability of the lotus leaf surface. The key significance of these factors is in transferring the stress and strain on the surface downwards, reducing the load on the surface, improving the durability of the self-cleaning function, and ultimately ensuring respiration and photosynthesis of leaves in the natural environment. This comprehensive scrutiny offers a novel classical bionic scheme for enhancing the structural stability of a surface, which has potential for applications in deepwater self-cleaning, anti-drag, anti-icing, thermal insulation, and mechanical enhancement of membranes and buildings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cryo-Biomedical Engineering, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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Effect of Wettability and Adhesion Property of Solid Margins on Water Drainage. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:biomimetics8010060. [PMID: 36810391 PMCID: PMC9944117 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid flows at the solid surface and drains at the margin under gravity are ubiquitous in our daily lives. Previous research mainly focuses on the effect of substantial margin's wettability on liquid pinning and has proved that hydrophobicity inhibits liquids from overflowing margins while hydrophilicity plays the opposite role. However, the effect of solid margins' adhesion properties and their synergy with wettability on the overflowing behavior of water and resultant drainage behaviors are rarely studied, especially for large-volume water accumulation on the solid surface. Here, we report the solid surfaces with high-adhesion hydrophilic margin and hydrophobic margin stably pin the air-water-solid triple contact lines at the solid bottom and solid margin, respectively, and then drain water faster through stable water channels termed water channel-based drainage over a wide range of water flow rates. The hydrophilic margin promotes the overflowing of water from top to bottom. It constructs a stable "top + margin + bottom" water channel, and a high-adhesion hydrophobic margin inhibits the overflowing from margin to bottom and constructs a stable "top + margin" water channel. The constructed water channels essentially decrease marginal capillary resistances, guide top water onto the bottom or margin, and assist in draining water faster, under which gravity readily overcomes the surface tension resistance. Consequently, the water channel-based drainage mode achieves 5-8 times faster drainage behavior than the no-water channel drainage mode. The theoretical force analysis also predicts the experimental drainage volumes for different drainage modes. Overall, this article reveals marginal adhesion and wettability-dependent drainage modes and provides motivations for drainage plane design and relevant dynamic liquid-solid interaction for various applications.
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Li D, Xu C, Huang J, Guo Z. Janus Fabric with Asymmetric Wettability for Switchable Emulsion Separation and Controllable Droplets with Low Friction. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:1320-1329. [PMID: 36626239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c03157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Superwetting surfaces have recently attracted extensive attention in oil-water emulsion separation and droplet manipulations, which are widely used in various situations ranging from wastewater treatment, to flexible electronics, to biochemical diagnosis. However, it still remains challenging to obtain asymmetric materials with high efficiency during oil-water separation. Meanwhile, excellent robustness of the superhydrophobic surface is of significance but retards the mobility of droplets due to increased lateral adhesion of small spacing between solid protrusions. Herein, a facile approach is demonstrated to obtain the excellent robustness of Janus fabrics with asymmetric wettability. As for one side of water-in-oil emulsion separation, mimicking the soft earthworm with periodically wrinkled skin, an adaptive superhydrophobic fabric was fabricated by wrapping soft wrinkled poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) polymer with a cross-linking structure on woven fabric fibers induced by Ar plasma treatment. In addition, inspired by the desert beetle's structure but with reversed wettability, the other side of the Janus fabric was constructed for treating emulsion of oil-in-water. In addition, the underwater superoleophobic surface consisting of magnetically responsive PDMS microcilia with slippery heads, which shows robustness against pH, improved water drop mobility and lowered the resistance of fluid friction similar to the intrinsic hydrophobic Salvinia molesta with additional slippery performance. Hence, we propose a novel and easy approach that optimizes enhanced emulsion separation and reduced fluid drag properties simultaneously, which actively broadens their widespread applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deke Li
- School of Materials Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Technology, Lanzhou730050, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenggong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou730000, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxia Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguang Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei University, Wuhan430062, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou730000, People's Republic of China
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He G, Zhang C, Dong Z. Survival in desert: Extreme water adaptations and bioinspired structural designs. iScience 2022; 26:105819. [PMID: 36636349 PMCID: PMC9830228 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Deserts are the driest places in the world, desert creatures have evolved special adaptations to survive in this extreme water shortage environment. The collection and transport of condensed water have been of particular interest regarding the potential transfer of the underlying mechanisms to technical applications. In this review, the mechanisms of water capture and transport were first summarized. Secondly, an introduction of four typical desert creatures including cactus, desert beetles, lizards, and snakes which have special adaptations to manage water was elaborated. Thirdly, the recent progress of biomimetic water-collecting structures including cactus, desert beetles, and lizards inspired designs and the influence of overflow on water collection was demonstrated. Finally, the conclusions were drawn, and future issues were pointed out. The present study will further promote research on bioinspired water management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guandi He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Sciences, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chengqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Sciences, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China,Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China,Corresponding author
| | - Zhichao Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Sciences, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China,Corresponding author
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7
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Chen C, Zhan H, Bai X, Yuan Z, Zhao L, Liu Y, Feng S. Bionic superhydrophobic surfaces based on topography of copper oxides. BIOSURFACE AND BIOTRIBOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1049/bsb2.12045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Key Laboratory for Precision & Non‐traditional Machining Technology of Ministry of Education Dalian University of Technology Dalian China
| | - Haiyang Zhan
- Key Laboratory for Precision & Non‐traditional Machining Technology of Ministry of Education Dalian University of Technology Dalian China
| | - Xiangge Bai
- Key Laboratory for Precision & Non‐traditional Machining Technology of Ministry of Education Dalian University of Technology Dalian China
| | - Zichao Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Precision & Non‐traditional Machining Technology of Ministry of Education Dalian University of Technology Dalian China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Precision & Non‐traditional Machining Technology of Ministry of Education Dalian University of Technology Dalian China
| | - Yahua Liu
- Key Laboratory for Precision & Non‐traditional Machining Technology of Ministry of Education Dalian University of Technology Dalian China
| | - Shile Feng
- Key Laboratory for Precision & Non‐traditional Machining Technology of Ministry of Education Dalian University of Technology Dalian China
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Hu Y, Jiang K, Liew KM, Zhang LW. Nanoarray-Embedded Hierarchical Surfaces for Highly Durable Dropwise Condensation. Research (Wash D C) 2022; 2022:9789657. [PMID: 36061819 PMCID: PMC9394060 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9789657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Durable dropwise condensation of saturated vapor is of significance for heat transfer and energy saving in extensive industrial applications. While numerous superhydrophobic surfaces can promote steam condensation, maintaining discrete microdroplets on surfaces without the formation of a flooded filmwise condensation at high subcooling remains challenging. Here, we report the development of carbon nanotube array-embedded hierarchical composite surfaces that enable ultra-durable dropwise condensation under a wide range of subcooling (ΔTsub = 8 K–38 K), which outperforms existing nanowire surfaces. This performance stems from the combined strategies of the hydrophobic nanostructures that allow efficient surface renewal and the patterned hydrophilic micro frames that protect the nanostructures and also accelerate droplet nucleation. The synergistic effects of the composite design ensure sustained Cassie wetting mode and capillarity-governed droplet mobility (Bond number < 0.055) as well as the large specific volume of condensed droplets, which contributes to the enhanced condensation heat transfer. Our design provides a feasible alternative for efficiently transferring heat in a vapor environment with relatively high temperatures through the tunable multiscale morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Kaili Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics & Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kim Meow Liew
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Nature-Inspired Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lu-Wen Zhang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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9
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Liu Y, Sun X, Zhao F, Zhan F, Zhang B, Fu JH, Wang L, Liu J. Controllable preparation of an ice cream-shaped hollow sphere array. RSC Adv 2022; 12:8936-8939. [PMID: 35424857 PMCID: PMC8985163 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00236a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hollow microspheres with high specific surface area are widely used in thermal insulation, drug delivery and sustained release, catalysis and optical absorption. Eutectic gallium-indium (EGaIn) undergoes phase transformation and oxidation when heated in aqueous solution, which can provide a crystal seed and preferential growth environment for nanomaterials. Therefore, it is very promising to further study the application of liquid metal in functional and structural nanomaterials. In this study, a EGaIn-based ice cream-shaped hollow sphere array with nanostructures was firstly synthesized on the designed hole array model using a hydrothermal process, and then the surface was further modified by fluorination to form a superhydrophobic film. Different sizes of the hollow Eutectic gallium-indium zinc oxide (EGaIn-ZnO) microspheres could be easily achieved by varying the size of the model, hence leading to controllable wettability. Furthermore, hollow microspheres hold much air, making it feasible for application in the field of anti-ice and thermal insulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Beijing Key Lab of Cryo-biomedical Engineering and Key Lab of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Xinlong Sun
- Beijing Key Lab of Cryo-biomedical Engineering and Key Lab of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Specialized Robot Engineering and Technological Centre of Hainan Province, Hainan Vocational University of Science and Technology Haikou 571126 China
| | - Fei Zhan
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University Hebei 050043 China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Lightweight Multi-Functional Composite Materials and Structures, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China
| | - Jun-Heng Fu
- Beijing Key Lab of Cryo-biomedical Engineering and Key Lab of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Beijing Key Lab of Cryo-biomedical Engineering and Key Lab of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- Beijing Key Lab of Cryo-biomedical Engineering and Key Lab of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 PR China
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10
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Hierarchical hydrophobic surfaces with controlled dual transition between rose petal effect and lotus effect via structure tailoring or chemical modification. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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Kwon TW, Park YG, Park SH, Ha MY. Dynamic Behavior of a Nanosized Water Droplet on the Stepped Surface with a Wetting Gradient. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:330-338. [PMID: 33356326 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the dynamic behavior of a nanosized water droplet on a flat and stepped surface using molecular dynamics simulations. The effects of a wetting gradient associated with the surface and the step height of a stepped surface on the dynamic behavior of the water droplet were considered in this study. The dynamic behaviors of the water droplet were described quantitatively upon analyzing the transient variation of the adhesion energy and the position of the water droplet along with the time required to climb the step. The water droplet moved smoothly along the surface with an increasing wetting gradient. On the other hand, the step obstructed the water droplet from climbing the step as the step height increases. The dynamic behavior of the water droplet depending on the variation of the normalized step height and the differences in adhesion energies between the different surfaces was classified into three types, namely, (1) fully climbing the step, (2) partially climbing the step, and (3) being blocked by the step. In the case in which the water droplet fully climbs the step, the time taken for the water droplet to fully climb the step showed a non-monotonic pattern as the step height increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Woo Kwon
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Yong Gap Park
- College of Mechatronics Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Changwon National University, 20 changwondaehak-ro, Uichang-gu, Changwon, Gyengsangnam-do 51140, Korea
| | - Seong Hyun Park
- Rolls-Royce and Pusan National University Technology Centre in Thermal Management, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Man Yeong Ha
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
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