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Parwana KAK, Kaur Gill P, Njanike R, Yiu HHP, Adams CF, Chari DM, Jenkins SI. Investigating Internalization of Reporter-Protein-Functionalized Polyhedrin Particles by Brain Immune Cells. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2330. [PMID: 38793398 PMCID: PMC11122724 DOI: 10.3390/ma17102330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Achieving sustained drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) is a major challenge for neurological injury and disease, and various delivery vehicles are being developed to achieve this. Self-assembling polyhedrin crystals (POlyhedrin Delivery System; PODS) are being exploited for the delivery of therapeutic protein cargo, with demonstrated efficacy in vivo. However, to establish the utility of PODS for neural applications, their handling by neural immune cells (microglia) must be documented, as these cells process and degrade many biomaterials, often preventing therapeutic efficacy. Here, primary mouse cortical microglia were cultured with a GFP-functionalized PODS for 24 h. Cell counts, cell morphology and Iba1 expression were all unaltered in treated cultures, indicating a lack of acute toxicity or microglial activation. Microglia exhibited internalisation of the PODS, with both cytosolic and perinuclear localisation. No evidence of adverse effects on cellular morphology was observed. Overall, 20-40% of microglia exhibited uptake of the PODS, but extracellular/non-internalised PODS were routinely present after 24 h, suggesting that extracellular drug delivery may persist for at least 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Runyararo Njanike
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK; (P.K.G.); (R.N.)
| | - Humphrey H. P. Yiu
- School of Engineering & Physical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK;
| | - Chris F. Adams
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK; (K.A.K.P.); (C.F.A.)
- Neural Tissue Engineering Keele (NTEK), Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Divya Maitreyi Chari
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK; (P.K.G.); (R.N.)
- Neural Tissue Engineering Keele (NTEK), Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Stuart Iain Jenkins
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK; (P.K.G.); (R.N.)
- Neural Tissue Engineering Keele (NTEK), Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK
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Robbins SM, Senger DL. Targeting network circuitry in glioma. NATURE CANCER 2023; 4:1406-1407. [PMID: 37880415 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00640-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Robbins
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Donna L Senger
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Topuz Ata D, Hussain M, Jones M, Best J, Wiese M, Carter KC. Immunisation with Transgenic L. tarentolae Expressing Gamma Glutamyl Cysteine Synthetase from Pathogenic Leishmania Species Protected against L. major and L. donovani Infection in a Murine Model. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1322. [PMID: 37317296 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a protozoan disease responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. There is no recommended vaccine to protect against infection. In this study, transgenic Leishmania tarentolae expressing gamma glutamyl cysteine synthetase (γGCS) from three pathogenic species were produced and their ability to protect against infection determined using models of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis. The ability of IL-2-producing PODS® to act as an adjuvant was also determined in L. donovani studies. Two doses of the live vaccine caused a significant reduction in L. major (p < 0.001) and L. donovani (p < 0.05) parasite burdens compared to their respective controls. In contrast, immunisation with wild type L. tarentolae, using the same immunisation protocol, had no effect on parasite burdens compared to infection controls. Joint treatment with IL-2-producing PODS® enhanced the protective effect of the live vaccine in L. donovani studies. Protection was associated with a Th1 response in L. major and a mixed Th1/Th2 response in L. donovani, based on specific IgG1 and IgG2a antibody and cytokine production from in vitro proliferation assays using antigen-stimulated splenocytes. The results of this study provide further proof that γGCS should be considered a candidate vaccine for leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derya Topuz Ata
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Muattaz Hussain
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Michael Jones
- Cell Guidance Systems, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Jonathan Best
- Cell Guidance Systems, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Martin Wiese
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Katharine Christine Carter
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
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Boggio E, Gigliotti CL, Stoppa I, Pantham D, Sacchetti S, Rolla R, Grattarola M, Monge C, Pizzimenti S, Dianzani U, Dianzani C, Battaglia L. Exploiting Nanomedicine for Cancer Polychemotherapy: Recent Advances and Clinical Applications. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:937. [PMID: 36986798 PMCID: PMC10057931 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The most important limitations of chemotherapeutic agents are severe side effects and the development of multi-drug resistance. Recently, the clinical successes achieved with immunotherapy have revolutionized the treatment of several advanced-stage malignancies, but most patients do not respond and many of them develop immune-related adverse events. Loading synergistic combinations of different anti-tumor drugs in nanocarriers may enhance their efficacy and reduce life-threatening toxicities. Thereafter, nanomedicines may synergize with pharmacological, immunological, and physical combined treatments, and should be increasingly integrated in multimodal combination therapy regimens. The goal of this manuscript is to provide better understanding and key considerations for developing new combined nanomedicines and nanotheranostics. We will clarify the potential of combined nanomedicine strategies that are designed to target different steps of the cancer growth as well as its microenvironment and immunity interactions. Moreover, we will describe relevant experiments in animal models and discuss issues raised by translation in the human setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Boggio
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Casimiro Luca Gigliotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Ian Stoppa
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Deepika Pantham
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Sara Sacchetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Ospedale Universitario Maggiore della Carità, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Roberta Rolla
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Ospedale Universitario Maggiore della Carità, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Margherita Grattarola
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Università degli Studi di Torino, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Monge
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Stefania Pizzimenti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Università degli Studi di Torino, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Umberto Dianzani
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Ospedale Universitario Maggiore della Carità, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Chiara Dianzani
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Luigi Battaglia
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces (NIS) Interdepartmental Centre, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy
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Moreno-Mendieta S, Guillén D, Vasquez-Martínez N, Hernández-Pando R, Sánchez S, Rodríguez-Sanoja R. Understanding the Phagocytosis of Particles: the Key for Rational Design of Vaccines and Therapeutics. Pharm Res 2022; 39:1823-1849. [PMID: 35739369 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03301-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A robust comprehension of phagocytosis is crucial for understanding its importance in innate immunity. A detailed description of the molecular mechanisms that lead to the uptake and clearance of endogenous and exogenous particles has helped elucidate the role of phagocytosis in health and infectious or autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, knowledge about this cellular process is important for the rational design and development of particulate systems for the administration of vaccines or therapeutics. Depending on these specific applications and the required biological responses, particles must be designed to encourage or avoid their phagocytosis and prolong their circulation time. Functionalization with specific polymers or ligands and changes in the size, shape, or surface of particles have important effects on their recognition and internalization by professional and nonprofessional phagocytes and have a major influence on their fate and safety. Here, we review the phagocytosis of particles intended to be used as carrier or delivery systems for vaccines or therapeutics, the cells involved in this process depending on the route of administration, and the strategies employed to obtain the most desirable particles for each application through the manipulation of their physicochemical characteristics. We also offer a view of the challenges and potential opportunities in the field and give some recommendations that we expect will enable the development of improved approaches for the rational design of these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Moreno-Mendieta
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT), Ciudad de México, Mexico. .,Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), A.P. 70228, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Daniel Guillén
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), A.P. 70228, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Nathaly Vasquez-Martínez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), A.P. 70228, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Doctorado en Ciencias Bioquímicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), A.P. 70228, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Sección de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Delegación Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Sergio Sánchez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), A.P. 70228, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Romina Rodríguez-Sanoja
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), A.P. 70228, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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