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Zhao T, Fang R, Ding J, Liu Y, Cheng M, Zhou F, Liu F, Li W, Li S, Jiang K, Shi X, Liu M, Xu B, Zou X, Zhu H, Zhou L. Melatonin ameliorates multiorgan injuries induced by severe acute pancreatitis in mice by regulating the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 975:176646. [PMID: 38762157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is a complicated inflammatory reaction that impacts the pancreas, often resulting in damage to numerous organs. This disorder encompasses a range of processes such as inflammation, oxidative stress, and pancreatitis. The hormone melatonin (MT) is primarily secreted by the pineal gland and plays a crucial role in mitigating inflammation, countering the harmful effects of free radicals, and regulating oxidative stress. The aim of this research was to investigate the potential protective impact and the underlying mechanism of melatonin in mice afflicted with SAP. The biochemical and histological assessments unequivocally demonstrated that melatonin effectively inhibited necrosis, infiltration, edema and cell death in pancreatic tissues, thereby suppressing acute pancreatitis. Notably, melatonin also alleviated the consequent harm to distant organs, notably the lungs, liver, and kidneys. Furthermore, both preventive and therapeutic administration of melatonin prompted nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation followed by Nrf2 target gene expression. Nrf2 initiates the activation of antioxidant genes, thereby providing defense against oxidative stress. Conversely, Nrf2 reduction may contribute to impaired antioxidant protection in SAP. The beneficial impact of Nrf2 on antioxidants was absent in Nrf2-knockout mice, leading to the accumulation of LDH and exacerbation of cell death. This deterioration in both pancreatitis and injuries in distant organs intensified significantly. The results indicate that melatonin has an enhanced ability to protect against multiorgan damage caused by SAP, which is accomplished through the increase in Nrf2 expression. Additionally, Nrf2 initiates the activation of antioxidant genes that offer defense against cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianming Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210008, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Rui Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Jing Ding
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Ming Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Fan Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Wenting Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Shupei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Kang Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Mingdong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Xiaoping Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Hao Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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Zhao Y, Feng Y, Sun F, Li L, Chen J, Song Y, Zhu W, Hu X, Li Z, Kong F, Du Y, Kong X. Optimized rAAV8 targeting acinar KLF4 ameliorates fibrosis in chronic pancreatitis via exosomes-enriched let-7s suppressing pancreatic stellate cells activation. Mol Ther 2024:S1525-0016(24)00413-1. [PMID: 38956871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is marked by progressive fibrosis and the activation of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), accompanied by the destruction of pancreatic parenchyma, leading to the loss of acinar cells (ACs). Few research studies have explored the mechanism by which damaged ACs (DACs) contribute to PSCs activation and pancreatic fibrosis. Currently, there are no effective drugs for curing CP or limiting the progression of pancreatic fibrosis. In this research, co-culture with intact acinar cells (IACs) suppressed PSC activation, while co-culture with DACs did the opposite. Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) was significantly upregulated in DACs and was established as the key molecule that switches ACs from PSCs-suppressor to PSCs-activator. We revealed the exosomes of IACs contributed to the anti-activated function of IACs-CS on PSCs. MiRNome profiling showed that let-7 family is significantly enriched in IAC-derived exosomes (>30% miRNome), which partially mediates IACs' suppressive impacts on PSCs. Furthermore, it has been observed that the enrichment of let-7 in exosomes was influenced by the expression level of KLF4. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that KLF4 in ACs upregulated Lin28A, thereby decreasing let-7 levels in AC-derived exosomes, and thus promoting PSCs activation. We utilized an adeno-associated virus specifically targeting KLF4 in ACs (shKLF4-pAAV) to suppress PSCs activation in CP, resulting in reduced pancreatic fibrosis. IAC-derived exosomes hold potential as potent weapons against PSCs activation via let-7s, while activated KLF4/Lin28A signaling in DACs diminished such functions. ShKLF4-pAAV holds promise as a novel therapeutic approach for CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Changhai Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yongpu Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Changhai Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Fengyuan Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Changhai Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Lei Li
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiayu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Changhai Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yingxiao Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Changhai Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wenbo Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Changhai Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiulin Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Changhai Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhaoshen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Changhai Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Fanyang Kong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Changhai Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Yiqi Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Changhai Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Xiangyu Kong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Changhai Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Li ZD, Li YC, Jing-Zhao, Wang JS, Xie XB. NR1H4 disease: rapidly progressing neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis and early death. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2024; 19:171. [PMID: 38641832 PMCID: PMC11027519 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-024-03166-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical studies on progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) type 5 caused by mutations in NR1H4 are limited. METHODS New patients with biallelic NR1H4 variants from our center and all patients from literature were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS Three new patients were identified to be carrying five new variants. Liver phenotypes of our patients manifests as low-γ-glutamyl transferase cholestasis, liver failure and related complications. One patient underwent liver transplantation (LT) and survived, and two other patients died without LT. Nine other patients were collected through literature review. Twelve out of 13 patients showed neonatal jaundice, with the median age of onset being 7 days after birth. Reported clinical manifestations included cholestasis (13/13, 100%), elevated AFP (11/11, 100%), coagulopathy (11/11, 100%), hypoglycemia (9/13, 69%), failure to thrive (8/13, 62%), splenomegaly (7/13, 54%), hyperammonemia (7/13, 54%), and hepatomegaly (6/13, 46%). Six of 13 patients received LT at a median age of 6.2 months, and only one patient died of acute infection at one year after LT. Other 7 patients had no LT and died with a median age of 5 months (range 1.2-8). There were 8 patients with homozygous genotype and 5 patients with compound heterozygous genotype. In total, 13 different variants were detected, and 5 out of 12 single or multiple nucleotides variants were located in exon 5. CONCLUSIONS We identified three newly-diagnosed patients and five novel mutations. NR1H4-related PFIC typically cause progressive disease and early death. LT may be the only lifesaving therapy leading to cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Die Li
- The Center for Pediatric Liver Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, No. 399 Wanyuan Road, Minhang District, 201102, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Chuan Li
- The Center for Pediatric Liver Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, No. 399 Wanyuan Road, Minhang District, 201102, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Zhao
- The Center for Pediatric Liver Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, No. 399 Wanyuan Road, Minhang District, 201102, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-She Wang
- The Center for Pediatric Liver Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, No. 399 Wanyuan Road, Minhang District, 201102, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Bao Xie
- The Center for Pediatric Liver Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, No. 399 Wanyuan Road, Minhang District, 201102, Shanghai, China.
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Linghu L, Zong W, Liao Y, Chen Q, Meng F, Wang G, Liao Z, Lan X, Chen M. Herpetrione, a New Type of PPARα Ligand as a Therapeutic Strategy Against Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 6:0276. [PMID: 38034083 PMCID: PMC10687582 DOI: 10.34133/research.0276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, especially nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), is a leading cause of cirrhosis and liver cancer worldwide; nevertheless, there are no Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs for treating NASH until now. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) is an interesting therapeutic target for treating metabolic disorders in the clinic, including NASH. Herpetrione, a natural lignan compound isolated from Tibetan medicine Herpetospermum caudigerum, exerts various hepatoprotective effects, but its efficacy and molecular mechanism in treating NASH have not yet been elucidated. Here, we discovered that herpetrione lessened lipid accumulation and inflammation in hepatocytes stimulated with oleic acid and lipopolysaccharide, and effectively alleviated NASH caused by a high-fat diet or methionine-choline-deficient diet by regulating glucolipid metabolism, insulin resistance, and inflammation. Mechanistically, RNA-sequencing analyses further showed that herpetrione activated PPAR signaling, which was validated by protein expression. Furthermore, the analysis of molecular interactions illustrated that herpetrione bound directly to the PPARα protein, with binding sites extending to the Arm III domain. PPARα deficiency also abrogated the protective effects of herpetrione against NASH, suggesting that herpetrione protects against hepatic steatosis and inflammation by activation of PPARα signaling, thereby alleviating NASH. Our findings shed light on the efficacy of a natural product for treating NASH, as well as the broader prospects for NASH treatment by targeting PPARα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Linghu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- School of Pharmacy,
Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Wei Zong
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yixuan Liao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qianyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Fancheng Meng
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Guowei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhihua Liao
- School of Life Sciences, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, TAAHC SWU Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre,
Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaozhong Lan
- TAAHC-SWU Medicinal Plant R&D Center,
Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi, Tibet 860000, China
| | - Min Chen
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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5
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Malhotra P, Palanisamy R, Caparros-Martin JA, Falasca M. Bile Acids and Microbiota Interplay in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3573. [PMID: 37509236 PMCID: PMC10377396 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests the involvement of the microbiota, including oral, intra-tumoral and gut, in pancreatic cancer progression and response to therapy. The gut microbiota modulates the bile acid pool and is associated with maintaining host physiology. Studies have shown that the bile acid/gut microbiota axis is dysregulated in pancreatic cancer. Bile acid receptor expression and bile acid levels are dysregulated in pancreatic cancer as well. Studies have also shown that bile acids can cause pancreatic cell injury and facilitate cancer cell proliferation. The microbiota and its metabolites, including bile acids, are also altered in other conditions considered risk factors for pancreatic cancer development and can alter responses to chemotherapeutic treatments, thus affecting patient outcomes. Altogether, these findings suggest that the gut microbial and/or bile acid profiles could also serve as biomarkers for pancreatic cancer detection. This review will discuss the current knowledge on the interaction between gut microbiota interaction and bile acid metabolism in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Malhotra
- Metabolic Signalling Group, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Ranjith Palanisamy
- Metabolic Signalling Group, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | | | - Marco Falasca
- Metabolic Signalling Group, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
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Zheng Y, Sun W, Shan C, Li B, Liu J, Xing H, Xu Q, Cui B, Zhu W, Chen J, Liu L, Yang T, Sun N, Li X. β-hydroxybutyrate inhibits ferroptosis-mediated pancreatic damage in acute liver failure through the increase of H3K9bhb. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111847. [PMID: 36543135 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis and hyperamylasemia are often seen in patients with acute liver failure (ALF). However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. This study describes pancreatic tissue damage and exocrine dysfunction in a mouse model of major-liver-resection-induced ALF. The analysis of 1,264 clinical cases of liver failure (LF) showed that the incidence of hyperamylasemia and hyperlipasemia in patients with LF is 5.5% and 20%, respectively. Metabolomic studies indicate that glutathione (GSH)-deficiency-caused ferroptosis contributes to pancreatic damage in mouse ALF. β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB) is the only metabolite downregulated in the liver, serum, and pancreas. Our data suggest that β-HB protects pancreatic cells and tissues from GSH-deficiency-caused ferroptosis. β-HB administration in ALF mice restores the expression of ferroptosis-suppressor genes through histone H3 lysine 9 β-hydroxybutyrylation (H3K9bhb)-mediated chromatin opening. Our findings highlight β-HB as an endogenous metabolite regulating ferroptosis in the pancreas and extend our understanding of the pathophysiology of ALF-induced pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Zheng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenrui Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Cong Shan
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Borui Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiaying Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hao Xing
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Navy Medical University), Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qingling Xu
- Department of Hepatology, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, China
| | - Baiping Cui
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenjia Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Liyan Liu
- General Practice/International Medical Care Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Tian Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Navy Medical University), Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Ning Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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