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Huang X, Ma Y, Ma G, Xia Y. Unlocking the Therapeutic Applicability of LNP-mRNA: Chemistry, Formulation, and Clinical Strategies. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2024; 7:0370. [PMID: 38894715 PMCID: PMC11185168 DOI: 10.34133/research.0370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) has emerged as an innovative therapeutic modality, offering promising avenues for the prevention and treatment of a variety of diseases. The tremendous success of mRNA vaccines in effectively combatting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) evidences the unlimited medical and therapeutic potential of mRNA technology. Overcoming challenges related to mRNA stability, immunogenicity, and precision targeting has been made possible by recent advancements in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). This review summarizes state-of-the-art LNP-mRNA-based therapeutics, including their structure, material compositions, design guidelines, and screening principles. Additionally, we highlight current preclinical and clinical trends in LNP-mRNA therapeutics in a broad range of treatments in ophthalmological conditions, cancer immunotherapy, gene editing, and rare-disease medicine. Particular attention is given to the translation and evolution of LNP-mRNA vaccines into a broader spectrum of therapeutics. We explore concerns in the aspects of inadequate extrahepatic targeting efficacy, elevated doses, safety concerns, and challenges of large-scale production procedures. This discussion may offer insights and perspectives on near- and long-term clinical development prospects for LNP-mRNA therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yishan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Guanghui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- School of Chemical Engineering,
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yufei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- School of Chemical Engineering,
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
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Lin S, Cui J, Li X, Chen S, Gao K, Mei X. Modified ZIF-8 Nanoparticles for Targeted Metabolic Treatment of Acute Spinal Cord Injury. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38499046 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The activation of proinflammatory M1-type macrophages in the injured lesion accelerates the progression of a spinal cord injury (SCI). However, adverse side effects during systemic treatments targeting M1 macrophages have limited their applications. Nanoplatforms are novel carriers of traditional Chinese medicine because of their great efficiency to deliver and accumulation in the lesion. Herein, we synthesized a modified zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) nanoplatform for internalization and accumulation in the injured spinal cord and effective administration for SCI. In vitro and in vivo experiments suggested that Prussian blue and Schisandrin B modified ZIF-8 effectively accumulated in M1 macrophages, inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS), and polarized the macrophage from proinflammatory M1 to anti-inflammatory M2 for rapid tissue infiltration by reprogramming the metabolic macrophages phenotype. This nanoplatform achieves a synergistic therapeutic effect of immunomodulation and neuroprotection, thereby shedding new light on the application of ZIF-8, and provides great potential for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121002, P. R. China
- Liaoning Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Testing and Drug Research, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 010, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Engineering of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 010, P. R. China
| | - Jingwen Cui
- Liaoning Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Testing and Drug Research, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 010, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Engineering of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 010, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, P. R. China
| | - Shurui Chen
- Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Cardiovascular Hospital, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, P. R. China
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510317, P. R. China
| | - Kai Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining 272111, P. R. China
| | - Xifan Mei
- Department of Orthopedics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121002, P. R. China
- Liaoning Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Testing and Drug Research, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 010, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Engineering of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 010, P. R. China
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Patilas C, Varsamos I, Galanis A, Vavourakis M, Zachariou D, Marougklianis V, Kolovos I, Tsalimas G, Karampinas P, Kaspiris A, Vlamis J, Pneumaticos S. The Role of Interleukin-10 in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of a Spinal Cord Injury. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:151. [PMID: 38248028 PMCID: PMC10814517 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14020151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition that often leads to severe and permanent neurological deficits. The complex pathophysiology of an SCI involves a cascade of events, including inflammation, oxidative stress, and secondary injury processes. Among the myriad of molecular players involved, interleukin-10 (IL-10) emerges as a key regulator with the potential to modulate both the inflammatory response and promote neuroprotection. This comprehensive review delves into the intricate interplay of IL-10 in the pathogenesis of an SCI and explores its therapeutic implications in the quest for effective treatments. IL-10 has been found to regulate inflammation, oxidative stress, neuronal apoptosis, and glial scars after an SCI. Its neuroprotective properties have been evaluated in a plethora of animal studies. IL-10 administration, either isolated or in combination with other molecules or biomaterials, has shown neuroprotective effects through a reduction in inflammation, the promotion of tissue repair and regeneration, the modulation of glial scar formation, and improved functional outcomes. In conclusion, IL-10 emerges as a pivotal player in the pathogenesis and treatment of SCIs. Its multifaceted role in modulating inflammation, oxidative stress, neuronal apoptosis, glial scars, and neuroprotection positions IL-10 as a promising therapeutic target. The ongoing research exploring various strategies for harnessing the potential of IL-10 offers hope for the development of effective treatments that could significantly improve outcomes for individuals suffering from spinal cord injuries. As our understanding of IL-10's intricacies deepens, it opens new avenues for innovative and targeted therapeutic interventions, bringing us closer to the goal of alleviating the profound impact of SCIs on patients' lives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michail Vavourakis
- 3rd Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, KAT General Hospital, 14561 Athens, Greece
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Abd El Salam ASG, Samaha MM, Abd Elrazik NA. Cytoprotective effects of cinnamaldehyde and adipoRon against cyclophosphamide-induced cardio-renal toxicity in rats: Insights into oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:111044. [PMID: 37839279 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide is an alkylating agent used in the treatment of various types of tumors and autoimmune diseases. Unfortunately, cyclophosphamide usage is limited in clinical situations due to its cardio-renal toxicity. The current study investigates the protective effects of cinnamaldehyde and adipoRon against cyclophosphamide-induced cardio-renal toxicity. 24 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were assorted in a random manner into 4 groups; control, cyclophosphamide, cyclophosphamide+cinnamaldehyde (90 mg/kg) and cyclophosphamide+adipoRon (25 mg/kg), rats treated with cinnamaldehyde and adipoRon for 10 days and on the 7th day of the experiment, rats were given a single I.P. injection of cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg). Thereafter, specimens of heart and kidney tissues were used for biochemical, immunohistochemical and histopathological analysis. Cinnamaldehyde and adipoRon attenuated the cardio-renal intoxication induced by cyclophosphamide which was manifested by a marked decrease in cardiac-renal injury markers (CK-MB, LDH, cTnI, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen) accompanied with normalization of histopathological changes. Moreover, cinnamaldehyde and adipoRon reversed cardio-renal oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis as they have significantly decreased 8-OHdG levels, MDA contents, NF-κB, TNF-α and caspase-3 expression. On the other hand, cinnamaldehyde and adipoRon have upregulated antioxidant biomarkers; GSH concentration, Nrf2 expression as well as the anti-inflammatory cytokine; IL-10 and the antiapoptotic; BCL2. In conclusion, these cytoprotective effects of cinnamaldehyde and adipoRon suggesting the possibility of using them in combination with cyclophosphamide treatment protocols to minimize their unwanted side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahmoud M Samaha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Nesma A Abd Elrazik
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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Lin Y, Cheng Q, Wei T. Surface engineering of lipid nanoparticles: targeted nucleic acid delivery and beyond. BIOPHYSICS REPORTS 2023; 9:255-278. [PMID: 38516300 PMCID: PMC10951480 DOI: 10.52601/bpr.2023.230022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Harnessing surface engineering strategies to functionalize nucleic acid-lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for improved performance has been a hot research topic since the approval of the first siRNA drug, patisiran, and two mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines, BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273. Currently, efforts have been mainly made to construct targeted LNPs for organ- or cell-type-specific delivery of nucleic acid drugs by conjugation with various types of ligands. In this review, we describe the surface engineering strategies for nucleic acid-LNPs, considering ligand types, conjugation chemistries, and incorporation methods. We then outline the general purification and characterization techniques that are frequently used following the engineering step and emphasize the specific techniques for certain types of ligands. Next, we comprehensively summarize the currently accessible organs and cell types, as well as the other applications of the engineered LNPs. Finally, we provide considerations for formulating targeted LNPs and discuss the challenges of successfully translating the "proof of concept" from the laboratory into the clinic. We believe that addressing these challenges could accelerate the development of surface-engineered LNPs for targeted nucleic acid delivery and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qiang Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tuo Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Li J, Wang P, Zhou T, Jiang W, Wu H, Zhang S, Deng L, Wang H. Neuroprotective effects of interleukin 10 in spinal cord injury. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1214294. [PMID: 37492521 PMCID: PMC10363608 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1214294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) starts with a mechanical and/or bio-chemical insult, followed by a secondary phase, leading progressively to severe collapse of the nerve tissue. Compared to the peripheral nervous system, injured spinal cord is characterized by weak axonal regeneration, which leaves most patients impaired or paralyzed throughout lifetime. Therefore, confining, alleviating, or reducing the expansion of secondary injuries and promoting functional connections between rostral and caudal regions of lesion are the main goals of SCI therapy. Interleukin 10 (IL-10), as a pivotal anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory cytokine, exerts a wide spectrum of positive effects in the treatment of SCI. The mechanisms underlying therapeutic effects mainly include anti-oxidative stress, limiting excessive inflammation, anti-apoptosis, antinociceptive effects, etc. Furthermore, IL-10 displays synergistic effects when combined with cell transplantation or neurotrophic factor, enhancing treatment outcomes. This review lists pleiotropic mechanisms underlying IL-10-mediated neuroprotection after SCI, which may offer fresh perspectives for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenwen Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hang Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shengqi Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingxiao Deng
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Hongxing Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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