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Mondal H, Biri SK, Pipil N, Mondal S. Accuracy of a Non-Invasive Home Glucose Monitor for Measurement of Blood Glucose. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2024; 28:60-64. [PMID: 38533291 PMCID: PMC10962770 DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_36_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Patients with diabetes mellitus monitor their blood glucose at home with monitors that require a drop of blood or use a continuous glucose monitoring device that implants a small needle in the body. However, both cause discomfort to the patients which may inhibit them for regular blood glucose checks. Photoplethysmogram (PPG) sensing technology is an approach for non-invasive blood glucose measurement and PPG sensors can be used to predict hypoglycaemic episodes. InChcek is a PPG-based non-invasive glucose monitor. However, its accuracy has not been checked yet. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of InCheck, a non-invasive glucose monitor for the estimation of blood glucose. Methods In a tertiary care hospital, patients who came for blood glucose estimation were tested for blood glucose non-invasively on the InCheck device and then by the laboratory method (glucose oxidase-peroxidase). These two readings were compared. We used International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 15197:2013 (95% of values should be within ± 15 mg/dL of reference reading if reference glucose <100 mg/dL or within ± 15% of reference reading if reference glucose ≥100 mg/dL and 99% of the values should be within zones A and B in consensus error grid), and Surveillance Error Grid for analyzing the accuracy. Results A total of 1223 samples were analyzed. There was a significant difference between the reference method glucose level (135 [Q1-Q3: 97 - 179] mg/dL) and monitor-measured glucose level (188.33 [Q1-Q3: 167.33-209.33] mg/dL) (P < 0.0001). A total of 18.5% of readings were following ISO 15197:2013 criteria and 67.25% of coordinates were within zone A and zone B of the consensus error grid. In the surveillance error grid analysis, about 29.4% of values were in the no-risk zone, 51.8% in slight risk, 18.6% in moderate risk, and 0.2% were in the severe risk zone. Conclusion The accuracy of the InCheck device for the estimation of blood glucose by PPG signal is not following the recommended guidelines. Hence, further research is necessary for programming or redesigning the hardware and software for a better result from this optical sensor-based non-invasive home glucose monitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himel Mondal
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, Jharkhand, India
| | - Sairavi Kiran Biri
- Department of Biochemistry, Phulo Jhano Medical College, Dumka, Jharkhand, India
| | - Neha Pipil
- Department of Pharmacology, Rajshree Medical Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shaikat Mondal
- Department of Physiology, Raiganj Government Medical College and Hospital, Raiganj, West Bengal, India
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Knight S, Lipoth J, Namvari M, Gu C, Hedayati Ch. M, Syed-Abdul S, Spiteri RJ. The Accuracy of Wearable Photoplethysmography Sensors for Telehealth Monitoring: A Scoping Review. Telemed J E Health 2022. [DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2022.0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sheida Knight
- Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Jessica Lipoth
- Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Mina Namvari
- Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Carol Gu
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics at Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Shabbir Syed-Abdul
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Raymond J. Spiteri
- Department of Computer Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Lv J, Zhang J, Zhang K, Zheng J. Predictive value of EEG-derived pain threshold index for acute postoperative pain in children. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:1052532. [PMID: 36619500 PMCID: PMC9811812 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.1052532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroencephalogram (EEG)-derived pain threshold index (PTI) has been developed as a novel pain recognition indicator and has been proved to be useful in the prediction of acute postoperative pain in adults. Evidence of its usability in children is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the prediction value of this novel pain indicator PTI for acute postoperative pain in children. METHODS A total of 80 patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia were enrolled. Blood pressure, heart rate (HR), surgical pleth index (SPI), PTI, and EEG-derived sedative index-wavelet index (WLI) data were recorded at the end of the surgery. The postoperative pain scores Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) were obtained in the emergence room 5 min after the children wake up. Receiver-operating characteristic curve was performed to analyze the predictive value of PTI, SPI, HR, and mean arterial pressure (MAP). The consistency between SPI and PTI was also evaluated. RESULTS Results showed that the areas under curves (95%CI) of PTI and SPI were 0.796 (95% CI: 0.694-0.895) and 0.753 (95% CI: 0.632-0.874), respectively, with the best cut-off value of 58 and 45 to discriminate between mild and moderate to severe pain. CONCLUSION This study suggested that PTI obtained at the end of the surgery could predict acute postoperative pain in children with an acceptable accuracy. It will help with early recognition and treatment of postoperative pain, thus reducing the pain in children. In addition, PTI had a good consistency with SPI in predicting acute postoperative pain in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianwei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jijian Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Mejía-Mejía E, May JM, Torres R, Kyriacou PA. Pulse rate variability in cardiovascular health: a review on its applications and relationship with heart rate variability. Physiol Meas 2020; 41:07TR01. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/ab998c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Mejía-Mejía E, Budidha K, Abay TY, May JM, Kyriacou PA. Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and Pulse Rate Variability (PRV) for the Assessment of Autonomic Responses. Front Physiol 2020; 11:779. [PMID: 32792970 PMCID: PMC7390908 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and Pulse Rate Variability (PRV), are non-invasive techniques for monitoring changes in the cardiac cycle. Both techniques have been used for assessing the autonomic activity. Although highly correlated in healthy subjects, differences in HRV and PRV have been observed under various physiological conditions. The reasons for their disparities in assessing the degree of autonomic activity remains unknown. Methods: To investigate the differences between HRV and PRV, a whole-body cold exposure (CE) study was conducted on 20 healthy volunteers (11 male and 9 female, 30.3 ± 10.4 years old), where PRV indices were measured from red photoplethysmography signals acquired from central (ear canal, ear lobe) and peripheral sites (finger and toe), and HRV indices from the ECG signal. PRV and HRV indices were used to assess the effects of CE upon the autonomic control in peripheral and core vasculature, and on the relationship between HRV and PRV. The hypotheses underlying the experiment were that PRV from central vasculature is less affected by CE than PRV from the peripheries, and that PRV from peripheral and central vasculature differ with HRV to a different extent, especially during CE. Results: Most of the PRV time-domain and Poincaré plot indices increased during cold exposure. Frequency-domain parameters also showed differences except for relative-power frequency-domain parameters, which remained unchanged. HRV-derived parameters showed a similar behavior but were less affected than PRV. When PRV and HRV parameters were compared, time-domain, absolute-power frequency-domain, and non-linear indices showed differences among stages from most of the locations. Bland-Altman analysis showed that the relationship between HRV and PRV was affected by CE, and that it recovered faster in the core vasculature after CE. Conclusion: PRV responds to cold exposure differently to HRV, especially in peripheral sites such as the finger and the toe, and may have different information not available in HRV due to its non-localized nature. Hence, multi-site PRV shows promise for assessing the autonomic activity on different body locations and under different circumstances, which could allow for further understanding of the localized responses of the autonomic nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Mejía-Mejía
- Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering (RCBE), School of Mathematics, Engineering and Computer Science, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karthik Budidha
- Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering (RCBE), School of Mathematics, Engineering and Computer Science, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tomas Ysehak Abay
- Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering (RCBE), School of Mathematics, Engineering and Computer Science, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James M May
- Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering (RCBE), School of Mathematics, Engineering and Computer Science, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Panayiotis A Kyriacou
- Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering (RCBE), School of Mathematics, Engineering and Computer Science, University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Wu L, Wang S, Wang Y, Zhang K, Bai J, Zheng J. Prediction of Hemodynamic Reactivity by Electroencephalographically Derived Pain Threshold Index in Children Undergoing General Anesthesia: A Prospective Observational Study. J Pain Res 2019; 12:3245-3255. [PMID: 31819608 PMCID: PMC6899069 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s231596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The pain threshold index (PTI) is a novel measure of nociception based on integrated electroencephalogram parameters during general anesthesia. The wavelet index (WLI) reflects the depth of sedation. This study aims to evaluate the ability of the PTI and WLI to predict hemodynamic reactivity after tracheal intubation and skin incision in pediatric patients. Patients and methods Pediatric patients (n=134) undergoing elective general surgery or urinary surgery were analyzed. Measurements at predefined time-points during tracheal intubation and skin incision included the PTI, WLI, heart rate (HR), and mean blood pressure (MBP). Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were computed to evaluate the predictive performance of the PTI and WLI in measuring hemodynamic reactivity (an increase of more than 20% in either MBP or HR) during general anesthesia. Results Of the 134 patients evaluated, positive reactivity of HR and MBP was observed in 95 (70.9%) and 61 (45.5%) patients induced by intubation, respectively, and 19 (14.2%) and 24 (17.9%) patients induced by skin incision, respectively. Using either HR or MBP reactivity induced by intubation as a dichotomous variable, the areas under the curves (AUCs) [95% CI] of PTI and WLI were 0.81[0.73–0.87] and 0.58[0.49–0.67] with the best cutoff values of 62 and 49. The AUCs [95% CI] of PTI and WLI were 0.82[0.75–0.88] and 0.61[0.52–0.69] after skin incision. The best cutoff values of PTI and WLI were 60 and 46, respectively. Conclusion The PTI can predict hemodynamic reactivity with the best cutoff values of 62 and 60 after tracheal intubation and skin incision in pediatric patients during general anesthesia. The WLI failed in predicting hemodynamic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Pudong, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, 3201 Hospital, Hanzhong City, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanting Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Pudong, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Kan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Pudong, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Pudong, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jijian Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Pudong, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Pediatric Clinical Pharmacology Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Pudong, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Comparative accuracy of optical sensor-based wearable system for non-invasive measurement of blood glucose concentration. Clin Biochem 2019; 65:15-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2018.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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