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Alves-Pimenta S, Soares S, Colaço B, Ginja M. Effect Of Elbow Angle And Weight-Bearing On The Evaluation Of Joint Congruence In Dogs. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2022; 305:3398-3409. [PMID: 35438239 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Joint congruence is relevant for the assessment of elbow dysplasia, a development disorder in dogs. However, quantification of its variation with joint angle and weight bearing, important factors in quadrupedal locomotion, is lacking. Our objective was to estimate those effects on the alignment of humeroradioulnar joint surfaces. The usual protocol for screening elbow dysplasia, including mediolateral extended and flexed elbow views, was preceded by a weight-bearing lateromedial standing radiographic view, without sedation. Minimum distances were measured at established points of the humeroradioulnar joints classified with a grade zero of dysplasia. Sixty elbows (30 Portuguese Pointer dogs) were studied. The joint space between the anconeal process and the ulnar trochlear notch increased with flexion, decreasing with weight bearing (P<0.001). The distance between the humeral trochlea and the trochlear notch at the widest point, increased with weight bearing, while it decreased with flexion. Step and distance between the radial head and the base of the medial coronoid process increased with flexion and decreased with weight bearing. At this point, physiological changes occurred at the humeroulnar joint space. The methodology allowed to quantify the variations on joint spaces with the elbow angle and weight bearing, important for the interpretation of congruence in diagnosis and treatment of dysplasia. Reference absolute and indexed values obtained allow future comparisons with other breeds and dysplastic dogs. Physiological variations denoted that radioulnar joint became more incongruent under flexion, and more congruent under weight bearing, while humeroulnar joint became more congruent under flexion, and more incongruent under weight bearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Alves-Pimenta
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,CECAV - Veterinary and Animal Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Portugal.,CITAB - Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Sofia Soares
- Department of Veterinary Science, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Bruno Colaço
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,CECAV - Veterinary and Animal Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Portugal.,CITAB - Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Mário Ginja
- Department of Veterinary Science, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,CECAV - Veterinary and Animal Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Portugal.,CITAB - Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
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Alves-Pimenta S, Colaço B, Fernandes AM, Gonçalves L, Colaço J, Melo-Pinto P, Ginja MM. Radiographic assessment of humeroulnar congruity in a medium and a large breed of dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2017; 58:627-633. [PMID: 28665533 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Elbow joint incongruity is recognized as an important factor in the development, treatment, and prognosis of canine elbow dysplasia. Elbow incongruity has been measured based on radiographic joint space widths, however these values can be affected by the degree of elbow joint flexion. Recent studies have reported radiographic curvature radii as more precise measures of humeroulnar congruity in dogs. The aim of this prospective observational study was to describe radiographic curvature radii measured from flexed and extended elbow radiographs for a sample of dogs representing a medium breed (Portuguese Pointing Dog) and a large breed (Estrela Mountain Dog). The curvature radii from the ulnar trochlear notch and humeral trochlea were measured in 114 mediolateral elbow extended radiographic views (30 Portuguese Pointing Dog and 27 Estrela Mountain Dog), and 84 mediolateral flexed views (22 Portuguese Pointing Dog and 20 Estrela Mountain Dog). The sampled animals' ages ranged from 12 to 84 months (34.6 ± 17.8 months). Good agreement was observed between curvature radii measurements for flexed vs. extended views in both breed groups. Ulnar trochlear notch curvature radii measurements were greater than humeral trochlea curvature radii measurements in both breed groups. Both curvature radii were greater in the large-breed dog group vs. the medium-breed dog group. Both breed groups had ulnar and humeral curves with similar typology. However, the large breed group had greater intermediate differences between the humeroulnar surface curvature radii. Results from this study supported the use of curvature radii as measures of humeroulnar congruity in mediolateral flexed elbow radiographs of medium and large breed dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Alves-Pimenta
- Department of Animal Science, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,CITAB - Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Bruno Colaço
- Department of Animal Science, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,CITAB - Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | | | - Lio Gonçalves
- Department of Engineering, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,The INESC-TEC - Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Colaço
- Department of Animal Science, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Pedro Melo-Pinto
- CITAB - Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,Department of Engineering, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Mário M Ginja
- CITAB - Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.,Department of Veterinary Science, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
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Computed tomography and radiographic assessment of congruity between the ulnar trochlear notch and humeral trochlea in large breed dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2017; 30:8-14. [PMID: 27849106 DOI: 10.3415/vcot-16-03-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Assess the fit between the ulnar trochlear notch (UTN) and humeral trochlea (HT) in elbow radiographs and computed tomography (CT) images by measuring the curvature radii in normal joints. METHODS Mediolateral extended view (MLE) and CT were performed on 16 elbows from cadaveric dogs weighing over 20 kg. Curves were traced at the subchondral level from the UTN central ridge and the HT sagittal groove related to the UTN on ~132° joint extension. Curvature radii were achieved using appropriate computer software. RESULTS Intraclass correlation coefficient between MLE/CT measurements were statistically significant, with lower limits of a 95% confidence interval (CI) >0.75. The mean differences between MLE/CT measurements were -0.71 mm (95% CI: -0.97 to -0.45) for UTN and -1.04 mm (95% CI: -1.21 to -0.87) for HT. The UTN and HT curvature radii typology were similar, with maximum radius values at the starting point and two intermediate peaks. The UTN curvature radii were bigger than the HT radii, with the largest differences in the most proximal aspect of the joint and in the second intermediate peak. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report on humeroulnar congruity through curvature radii evaluation. The software and methodology proposed enabled an adequate UTN and HT radii curvature assessment in MLE and CT images. Comparative studies in normal and dysplastic dogs of various breeds could better clarify the role of UTN and HT curvature radii in elbow incongruity and dysplasia.
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Alves-Pimenta S, Ginja MM, Colaço J, Fernandes AM, Melo-Pinto P, Colaço B. Curvature Radius Measurements From the Ulnar Trochlear Notch in Large Dogs. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2015; 298:1748-53. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.23194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Alves-Pimenta
- Department of Animal Science; Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro; Vila Real Portugal
- CITAB-Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro; Vila Real Portugal
| | - Mário Manuel Ginja
- Department of Veterinary Science; Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro; Vila Real Portugal
- CITAB-Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro; Vila Real Portugal
| | - Jorge Colaço
- Department of Animal Science; Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro; Vila Real Portugal
| | - Armando Manuel Fernandes
- CITAB-Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro; Vila Real Portugal
- Center of Intelligent Systems, IDMEC/LAETA, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa; Lisbon 1049-001 Portugal
| | - Pedro Melo-Pinto
- Department of Engineering; Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro; Vila Real Portugal
- CITAB-Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro; Vila Real Portugal
| | - Bruno Colaço
- Department of Animal Science; Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro; Vila Real Portugal
- CITAB-Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro; Vila Real Portugal
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Barnes DM, Morris AP, Anderson AA. Defining a safe corridor for transcondylar screw insertion across the canine humeral condyle: a comparison of medial and lateral surgical approaches. Vet Surg 2014; 43:1020-31. [PMID: 24467631 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2014.12133.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To (1) develop guidelines for the location of drill entry and exit points when inserting a transcondylar screw across the canine humerus; (2) compare the safe corridor for transcondylar screw insertion when drilling medial-to-lateral with drilling lateral-to-medial. STUDY DESIGN Anatomic study. ANIMALS Dogs (n = 43). METHODS The optimum position of a transcondylar screw in 84 elbows was determined using CT multiplanar reconstructions. The positions of drill entry and exit points were defined relative to the epicondyles. Differences in elbow size were accounted for by dividing the measurements by the humeral condylar diameter (HCD), to give normalized measurements. Mean values of normalized measurements were used to develop universal guidelines for the location of drill entry and exit points. These guidelines were then applied to the 84 elbow CT reconstructions. The size of the safe corridor around this calculated drill line was determined, and expressed as tolerance angles in the frontal and transverse planes. The size of the safe corridors for medial-to-lateral and lateral-to-medial drilling were compared. RESULTS The lateral entry/exit point was 0.3 × HCD cranial and 0.3 × HCD distal to the lateral epicondyle. The medial entry/exit point was 0.3 × HCD cranial and 0.2 × HCD distal to the medial epicondyle. Using these guidelines resulted in safe virtual screw placement in all 84 elbows. The tolerance angle in the frontal plane was significantly smaller when drilling medial-to-lateral compared with drilling lateral-to-medial (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Medial-to-lateral drilling for transcondylar screw placement carries a higher risk of inadvertently penetrating the joint compared with lateral-to-medial drilling.
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Fitzpatrick N, Caron A, Solano MA. Bi-Oblique Dynamic Proximal Ulnar Osteotomy in Dogs: Reconstructed Computed Tomographic Assessment of Radioulnar Congruence over 12 weeks. Vet Surg 2013; 42:727-38. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.2013.12014.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandre Caron
- Fitzpatrick Referrals Ltd; Eashing, Godalming; United Kingdom
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Orthopaedic Imaging. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2012; 25:III. [DOI: 10.3415/vcot-12-04-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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