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Maheshwarla Saravanan S, Prathap L, Padathpeedika Khalid J, Mary Martin T, Kishore Kumar MS. Serotonin's Role in Inflammatory Signaling Pathway Modulation for Colon Cancer Suppression. Cureus 2024; 16:e66040. [PMID: 39224738 PMCID: PMC11366720 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.66040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Neurons can be effectively regulated by serotonin and dopamine. Their role in anti-inflammatory pathways opens new doors for therapeutic research, particularly in chemotherapeutics. The present study investigated serotonin's role in suppressing inflammation and its potential anticancer effects in KERATIN-forming tumor cell line HeLa cells (KB cells). Methods - in vitro and in silico analysis The study delved further into the molecular mechanisms by assessing the expression levels of key markers involved in inflammation and cancer progression, such as B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 protein (BCl-2), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) using Real-time reverse-transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction at concentrations below the IC50 (50 and 100 µg/ml). The binding capability of serotonin (CID 5202) with glycoform of human interleukin 6 (PDB: 7NXZ) was analyzed with the help of Schrodinger molecular suites. Results The findings showcased serotonin's potent growth inhibition in KB cells, with an IC50 value of 225±3.1µg/ml. Additionally, it demonstrated a multifaceted impact by downregulating the expression of BCl-2, TNF-α, and IL-6, pivotal factors in cancer cell survival and inflammation regulation. The docking score was - 5.65 (kcal/mol) between serotonin and glycoform of Human Interleukin 6. It is bound with ASN 143 by two hydrogen bonds. Thus, molecular docking analysis showed an efficient bounding pattern. The research findings indicate that serotonin successfully blocks NF-κB pathways in KB cells, underscoring its therapeutic promise against colon cancer and offering vital information for additional clinical investigation. Conclusion According to the study's conclusion, serotonin has a remarkable anticancer potential by effectively blocking NF-κB B pathways in KB cells, revealing its promising potential as a therapeutic agent against colon cancer. These comprehensive findings offer significant insights into serotonin's intricate molecular interactions and its profound impact on cancer-related signaling pathways, paving the way for further exploration and potential clinical applications in cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supreeta Maheshwarla Saravanan
- Department of Anatomy, Biomedical Research Unit and Laboratory Animal Centre (BRULAC) Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Lavanya Prathap
- Department of Anatomy, Biomedical Research Unit and Laboratory Animal Centre (BRULAC) Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Jabir Padathpeedika Khalid
- Department of Physiology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Taniya Mary Martin
- Department of Anatomy, Biomedical Research Unit and Laboratory Animal Centre (BRULAC) Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Meenakshi S Kishore Kumar
- Department of Anatomy, Biomedical Research Unit and Laboratory Animal Centre (BRULAC) Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
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Wu Z, Li J, Zhong M, Xu Z, Yang M, Xu C. HTR3A Promotes Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Through the FOXH1/Wnt3A Signaling Pathway. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-024-10872-9. [PMID: 39046651 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-024-10872-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
5-Hydroxytryptamine receptors (5-HTRs) are strongly correlated with tumor progression in various types of cancer. Despite this, the underlying mechanisms responsible for the role of 5-HTRs in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A (HTR3A) and NSCLC development. Our findings indicated a higher distribution of HTR3A expression in NSCLC tissues when compared with normal tissues, where patients with high HTR3A levels demonstrated shorter overall survival times. In vitro analyses revealed that overexpression of HTR3A facilitated the proliferation and migration of NSCLC cell lines (A549 and NCI-H3255). Similarly, a notable acceleration of tumor growth and enhanced pulmonary tumorigenic potential were observed in HTR3A-overexpressing tumor-bearing mice. Mechanistically, upregulation of Forkhead Box H1 (FOXH1) by HTR3A led to the activation of Wnt3A/β-catenin signaling pathways, thereby promoting the development of NSCLC. Our report thus highlights the significance of the HTR3A/FOXH1 axis during tumor progression in NSCLC, proposing HTR3A as a possible diagnostic indicator and candidate target for clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeqin Wu
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Ganzhou People's Hospital, 18 MeiGuan Ave, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Jiufei Li
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Ganzhou People's Hospital, 18 MeiGuan Ave, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Minglian Zhong
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Ganzhou People's Hospital, 18 MeiGuan Ave, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Zhiyuan Xu
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Ganzhou People's Hospital, 18 MeiGuan Ave, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mulan Yang
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Ganzhou People's Hospital, 18 MeiGuan Ave, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
| | - Chenyang Xu
- Thoracic Surgery Department, Ganzhou People's Hospital, 18 MeiGuan Ave, Zhanggong District, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
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Cınar V, Hamurcu Z, Guler A, Nurdinov N, Ozpolat B. Serotonin 5-HT7 receptor is a biomarker poor prognostic factor and induces proliferation of triple-negative breast cancer cells through FOXM1. Breast Cancer 2022; 29:1106-1120. [PMID: 36006564 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-022-01391-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive type of breast cancer and associated with poor prognosis and shorter survival due to significant genetic heterogeneity, drug resistance and lack of effective targeted therapeutics. Therefore, novel molecular targets and therapeutic strategies are needed to improve patient survival. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) has been shown to induce growth stimulatory effects in breast cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms by which 5-HT exerts its oncogenic effects in TNBC still are not well understood. METHODS Normal breast epithelium (MCF10A) and two TNBC cells (MDA-MB-231, BT-546) and MCF-7 cells (ER +) were used to investigate effects of 5-HT7 receptor. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based knockdown and metergoline (5-HT7 antagonist) were used to inhibit the activity of 5-HT7. Cell proliferation and colony formation were evaluated using MTS cell viability and colony formation assays, respectively. Western blotting was used to investigate 5-HT7, FOXM1 and its downstream targets protein expressions. RESULTS We demonstrated that 5-HT induces cell proliferation of TNBC cells and expression of 5-HT7 receptor and FOXM1 oncogenic transcription factor. We found that expression of 5-HT7 receptor is up-regulated in TNBC cells and higher 5-HT7 receptor expression is associated with poor patient prognosis and shorter patient survival. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of 5-HT7 receptor by siRNA and metergoline, respectively, suppressed TNBC cell proliferation and FOXM1 and its downstream mediators, including eEF2-Kinase (eEF2K) and cyclin-D1. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest for the first time that the 5-HT7 receptor promotes FOXM1, eEF2K and cyclin D1 signaling to support TNBC cell proliferation; thus, inhibition of 5-HT7 receptor/FOXM1 signaling may be used as a potential therapeutic strategy for targeting TNBC. 5-HT induces cell proliferation of TNBC cells through 5-HT7 receptor signaling. Also, genetic and pharmacological inhibition of 5-HT7 by RNAi (siRNA) and metergoline HTR7 antagonist, respectively inhibits FOXM1 oncogenic transcription factor and suppresses TNBC cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venhar Cınar
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.,Betül-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Zuhal Hamurcu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.,Betül-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.,Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 422, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ahsen Guler
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.,Betül-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Nursultan Nurdinov
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.,Betül-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Bulent Ozpolat
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 422, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. .,Houston Methodist Neal Cancer, Houston, TX, USA.
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Karmakar S, Lal G. Role of serotonin receptor signaling in cancer cells and anti-tumor immunity. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:5296-5312. [PMID: 33859748 PMCID: PMC8039959 DOI: 10.7150/thno.55986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is a neurotransmitter known to affect emotion, behavior, and cognition, and its effects are mostly studied in neurological diseases. The crosstalk between the immune cells and the nervous system through serotonin and its receptors (5-HTRs) in the tumor microenvironment and the secondary lymphoid organs are known to affect cancer pathogenesis. However, the molecular mechanism of - alteration in the phenotype and function of - innate and adaptive immune cells by serotonin is not well explored. In this review, we discuss how serotonin and serotonin receptors modulate the phenotype and function of various immune cells, and how the 5-HT-5-HTR axis modulates antitumor immunity. Understanding how 5-HT and immune signaling are involved in tumor immunity could help improve therapeutic strategies to control cancer progression and metastasis.
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Balakrishna P, George S, Hatoum H, Mukherjee S. Serotonin Pathway in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1268. [PMID: 33525332 PMCID: PMC7865972 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is a biogenic monoamine produced from the essential amino acid tryptophan. Serotonin's role as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and a motility mediator in the gastrointestinal tract has been well defined, and its function in tumorigenesis in various cancers (gliomas, carcinoids, and carcinomas) is being studied. Many studies have shown a potential stimulatory effect of serotonin on cancer cell proliferation, invasion, dissemination, and tumor angiogenesis. Although the underlying mechanism is complex, it is proposed that serotonin levels in the tumor and its interaction with specific receptor subtypes are associated with disease progression. This review article describes serotonin's role in cancer pathogenesis and the utility of the serotonin pathway as a potential therapeutic target in cancer treatment. Octreotide, an inhibitor of serotonin release, is used in well-differentiated neuroendocrine cancers, and the tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) inhibitor, telotristat, is currently being investigated in clinical trials to treat patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumors and advanced cholangiocarcinoma. Several in vitro studies have shown the anticancer effect of 5-HT receptor antagonists in various cancers such as prostate cancer, breast cancer, urinary bladder, colorectal cancer, carcinoid, and small-cell lung cancer. More in vivo studies are needed to assess serotonin's role in cancer and its potential use as an anticancer therapeutic target. Serotonin is also being evaluated for its immunoregulatory properties, and studies have shown its potential anti-inflammatory effect. Therefore, it would be of interest to explore the combination of serotonin antagonists with immunotherapy in the future.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/therapeutic use
- Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/blood supply
- Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/pathology
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cholangiocarcinoma/blood supply
- Cholangiocarcinoma/drug therapy
- Cholangiocarcinoma/metabolism
- Cholangiocarcinoma/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Molecular Targeted Therapy/methods
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Octreotide/therapeutic use
- Phenylalanine/analogs & derivatives
- Phenylalanine/therapeutic use
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
- Receptors, Serotonin/genetics
- Receptors, Serotonin/metabolism
- Serotonin/metabolism
- Serotonin Antagonists/therapeutic use
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Tryptophan Hydroxylase/genetics
- Tryptophan Hydroxylase/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragathi Balakrishna
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (P.B.); (S.G.)
| | - Sagila George
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (P.B.); (S.G.)
| | - Hassan Hatoum
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (P.B.); (S.G.)
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