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Pădureanu V, Dop D, Caragea DC, Rădulescu D, Pădureanu R, Forțofoiu MC. Cardiovascular and Neurological Diseases and Association with Helicobacter Pylori Infection-An Overview. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1781. [PMID: 39202269 PMCID: PMC11353373 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14161781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This article investigates the link between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and cardiovascular and neurological disorders. Recent research suggests that H. pylori may play a role in cardiovascular diseases like atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and stroke, as well as neurological diseases including Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease. Cardiovascular Diseases: H. pylori induces endothelial dysfunction and chronic inflammation, promoting atherosclerotic plaque formation and other cardiac complications. High infection prevalence in cardiovascular patients implies that systemic inflammation from H. pylori accelerates disease progression. Eradication therapies combined with anti-inflammatory and lipid-lowering treatments may reduce cardiovascular risk. Neurological Diseases: H. pylori may contribute to Alzheimer's, multiple sclerosis, and Parkinson's through systemic inflammation, neuroinflammation, and autoimmune responses. Increased infection prevalence in these patients suggests bacterial involvement in disease pathogenesis. The eradication of H. pylori could reduce neuroinflammation and improve outcomes. Discussions and Future Research: Managing H. pylori infection in clinical practice could impact public health and treatment approaches. Further research is needed to clarify these relationships. Longitudinal and mechanistic studies are essential to fully understand H. pylori's role in these conditions. Conclusions: H. pylori infection is a potential risk factor for various cardiovascular and neurological conditions. Additional research is critical for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies. Targeted therapies, including H. pylori eradication combined with anti-inflammatory treatments, could improve clinical outcomes. These findings highlight the need for an integrated clinical approach to include H. pylori evaluation and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlad Pădureanu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (V.P.); (M.-C.F.)
| | - Dalia Dop
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Daniel Cosmin Caragea
- Department of Nephrology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Dumitru Rădulescu
- Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Rodica Pădureanu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (V.P.); (M.-C.F.)
| | - Mircea-Cătălin Forțofoiu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (V.P.); (M.-C.F.)
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Wang X, Jiang D, Zhang X, Wang R, Yang F, Xie C. Causal associations between Helicobacter Pylori infection and the risk and symptoms of Parkinson's disease: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1412157. [PMID: 39165356 PMCID: PMC11333313 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1412157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence suggests an association between Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection and Parkinson's disease (PD) and its clinical manifestations, but the causal relationship remain largely unknown. Objective To investigate the causal relationship between HP infection and PD risk, PD symptoms, and secondary parkinsonism, we conducted two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods We obtained summary data from genome-wide association studies for seven different antibodies specific to HP proteins and five PD-related phenotypes. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, weighted mode, and MR-Egger methods were used to assess the causal relationships. Sensitivity analyses were performed to examine the stability of the MR results and reverse MR analysis was conducted to evaluate the presence of reverse causality. Results Genetically predicted HP antibodies were not causally associated with an increased risk of PD. However, HP cytotoxin-associated gene-A (CagA) and outer membrane protein (OMP) antibody level were causally associated with PD motor subtype (tremor to postural instability/gait difficulty score ratio; β = -0.16 and 0.46, P = 0.002 and 0.048, respectively). HP vacuolating cytotoxin-A (VacA) antibody level was causally associated with an increased risk of PD dementia [odds ratio (OR) = 1.93, P = 0.040]. Additionally, HP OMP antibody level was identified as a risk factor for drug-induced secondary parkinsonism (OR = 2.08, P = 0.033). These results were stable, showed no evidence of heterogeneity or directional pleiotropy, and no evidence of a reverse causal relationship. Conclusions Our findings indicate that HP infection does not increase the risk of PD, but contributes to PD motor and cognitive symptoms. Different types of HP antibodies affect different symptoms of PD. Eradication of HP infection may help modulate and improve symptoms in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Huairou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Deming Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Huairou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Huairou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fengyi Yang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Huairou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chunrong Xie
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Huairou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Higinbotham AS, Kilbane CW. The gastrointestinal tract and Parkinson's disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1158986. [PMID: 38292855 PMCID: PMC10825967 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1158986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alissa S. Higinbotham
- Parkinson's disease and Movement Disorders Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Camilla W. Kilbane
- Parkinson's disease and Movement Disorders Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Wei BR, Zhao YJ, Cheng YF, Huang C, Zhang F. Helicobacter pylori infection and Parkinson's Disease: etiology, pathogenesis and levodopa bioavailability. Immun Ageing 2024; 21:1. [PMID: 38166953 PMCID: PMC10759355 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-023-00404-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disorder with an unknown etiology, is primarily characterized by the degeneration of dopamine (DA) neurons. The prevalence of PD has experienced a significant surge in recent years. The unidentified etiology poses limitations to the development of effective therapeutic interventions for this condition. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has affected approximately half of the global population. Mounting evidences suggest that H. pylori infection plays an important role in PD through various mechanisms. The autotoxin produced by H. pylori induces pro-inflammatory cytokines release, thereby facilitating the occurrence of central inflammation that leads to neuronal damage. Simultaneously, H. pylori disrupts the equilibrium of gastrointestinal microbiota with an overgrowth of bacteria in the small intestinal known as small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). This dysbiosis of the gut flora influences the central nervous system (CNS) through microbiome-gut-brain axis. Moreover, SIBO hampers levodopa absorption and affects its therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of PD. Also, H. pylori promotes the production of defensins to regulate the permeability of the blood-brain barrier, facilitating the entry of harmful factors into the CNS. In addition, H. pylori has been found to induce gastroparesis, resulting in a prolonged transit time for levodopa to reach the small intestine. H. pylori may exploit levodopa to facilitate its own growth and proliferation, or it can inflict damage to the gastrointestinal mucosa, leading to gastrointestinal ulcers and impeding levodopa absorption. Here, this review focused on the role of H. pylori infection in PD from etiology, pathogenesis to levodopa bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bang-Rong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and Laboratory Animal Centre, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yu-Jia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and Laboratory Animal Centre, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yu-Feng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and Laboratory Animal Centre, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Chun Huang
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and Laboratory Animal Centre, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.
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Wang YR, Liang CR, Heng T, Zhang T, Hu XT, Long Y, Huang L, Dong B, Gao X, Deng J, Xu X, Yao XQ. Circulating antibodies to Helicobacter pylori are associated with biomarkers of neurodegeneration in cognitively intact adults. Asian J Psychiatr 2023; 86:103680. [PMID: 37352754 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection confers risk for Alzheimer's Disease (AD), with the mechanisms unknown. Infections are linked to the etiology of AD partly through modulating the humoral immunity post-infection. This study found increased plasma levels of tTau and pTau181 in H. Pylori infected individuals with intact cognition. Plasma antibodies to H. pylori were positively associated with Aβ40, Aβ42, tTau, and pTau181, adjusting for age, sex, education level, BMI, ApoE ε4 genotype, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hypercholesteremia. This study presents novel insights into the relationship between H. pylori infection and AD from an autoimmune perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Ran Wang
- Center of Health Management, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Chun-Rong Liang
- Department of Sleep and Psychology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Tian Heng
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Center of Health Management, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Hu
- Center of Health Management, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Yan Long
- Center of Health Management, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Liang Huang
- Center of Health Management, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Bo Dong
- Center of Health Management, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Xia Gao
- Center of Health Management, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Juan Deng
- Center of Health Management, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Xia Xu
- Center of Health Management, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400042, China.
| | - Xiu-Qing Yao
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China.
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Zorina SA, Jurja S, Mehedinti M, Stoica AM, Chita DS, Floris SA, Axelerad A. Infectious Microorganisms Seen as Etiologic Agents in Parkinson’s Disease. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13030805. [PMID: 36983960 PMCID: PMC10053287 DOI: 10.3390/life13030805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections represent a possible risk factor for parkinsonism and Parkinson’s disease (PD) based on information from epidemiology and fundamental science. The risk is unclear for the majority of agents. Moreover, the latency between infection and PD seems to be very varied and often lengthy. In this review, the evidence supporting the potential involvement of infectious microorganisms in the development of Parkinson’s disease is examined. Consequently, it is crucial to determine the cause and give additional treatment accordingly. Infection is an intriguing suggestion regarding the cause of Parkinson’s disease. These findings demonstrate that persistent infection with viral and bacterial microorganisms might be a cause of Parkinson’s disease. As an initiating factor, infection may generate a spectrum of gut microbiota dysbiosis, engagement of glial tissues, neuroinflammation, and alpha-synuclein accumulation, all of which may trigger and worsen the onset in Parkinson’s disease also contribute to its progression. Still uncertain is the primary etiology of PD with infection. The possible pathophysiology of PD infection remains a matter of debate. Furthermore, additional study is required to determine if PD patients develop the disease due to infectious microorganisms or solely since they are more sensitive to infectious causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuparu Alina Zorina
- Department of Neurology, ‘St. Andrew’ County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania; (S.A.Z.)
- Department of Neurology, General Medicine Faculty, ‘Ovidius’ University, 900470 Constanta, Romania
| | - Sanda Jurja
- Department of Ophthalmology, ‘St. Andrew’ County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Medicine Faculty, ‘Ovidius’ University, 900470 Constanta, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Mihaela Mehedinti
- Department of Morphological and Functional Science, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunarea de Jos”, 800017 Galati, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Stoica
- Department of Ophthalmology, ‘St. Andrew’ County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Medicine Faculty, ‘Ovidius’ University, 900470 Constanta, Romania
| | - Dana Simona Chita
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of General Medicine and Pharmacy, “Vasile Goldis” Western University of Arad, 310045 Arad, Romania
| | - Stuparu Alexandru Floris
- Department of Orthopedy and Traumatology, ‘St. Andrew’ County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Any Axelerad
- Department of Neurology, ‘St. Andrew’ County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania; (S.A.Z.)
- Department of Neurology, General Medicine Faculty, ‘Ovidius’ University, 900470 Constanta, Romania
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