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Hindy JR, Quintero-Martinez JA, Lee AT, Scott CG, Gerberi DJ, Mahmood M, DeSimone DC, Baddour LM. Incidence Trends and Epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: A Systematic Review of Population-Based Studies. Cureus 2022; 14:e25460. [PMID: 35774691 PMCID: PMC9239286 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.25460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine incidence trends of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) from population-based studies from multiple countries. METHODS A contemporary systematic review was conducted using Ovid Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (1991+), Ovid Embase (1974+), Ovid Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) (1946+ including epub ahead of print, in-process & other non-indexed citations), and Web of Science Core Collection (Science Citation Index Expanded 1975+ and Emerging Sources Citation Index 2015+). Two authors (J.R.H. and J.A.Q.M.) independently reviewed all studies and included those that reported population-based incidence of SAB in patients aged 18 years and older. RESULTS Twenty-six studies met inclusion criteria with the highest number (n=6) of studies conducted in Canada. The incidence of SAB ranged from 9.3 to 65 cases/100,000/year. The median age of patients with SAB ranged from 62 to 72 years and SAB cases were more commonly observed in men than in women. The most common infection sources were intravascular catheters and skin and soft tissue infections. SAB incidence trends demonstrated high variability for geographic regions and calendar years. Overall, there was no change in the incidence trend across all studies during the past two decades. CONCLUSION Multiple factors, both pros, and cons are likely responsible for the overall stable SAB incidence in countries included in this systematic review. Some of these factors vary in geographic location and prompt additional investigations from countries not included in the current review so that a more global characterization is defined.
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Hindy JR, Quintero-Martinez JA, Lahr BD, Palraj R, Go JR, Fida M, Abu Saleh OM, Arshad V, Talha KM, DeSimone DC, Sohail MR, Baddour LM. Incidence of Monomicrobial Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: A Population-Based Study in Olmsted County, Minnesota – 2006 to 2020. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022; 9:ofac190. [PMID: 35794939 PMCID: PMC9251673 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Population-based studies of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) in the United States are limited. We provide a contemporary evaluation of SAB incidence in Olmsted County, Minnesota, from 2006 to 2020. Methods This was a retrospective population-based study of all adult patients with SAB residing in Olmsted County from 1 January 2006 through 31 December 2020. Initial episodes of SAB were identified using the microbiology laboratory databases at both Olmsted Medical Center and Mayo Clinic Rochester. Results Overall, 541 incident SAB cases were identified with a median age of 66.8 (interquartile range, 54.4–78.5) years, and 60.4% were male. Among these cases, 298 (56.2%) were due to methicillin-susceptible S aureus (MSSA) and 232 (43.8%) cases of methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA). The overall age- and sex-adjusted SAB incidence rate (IR) was 33.9 (95% confidence interval [CI], 31.0–36.8) cases/100 000 person-years (PY). Males had a higher age-adjusted IR of 46.0 (95% CI, 41.0–51.0) cases/100 000 PY compared to females (IR, 24.4 [95% CI, 21.1–27.7] cases/100 000 PY). Age- and sex-adjusted SAB IRs due to MSSA and MRSA were 18.7 and 14.6 cases/100 000 PY, respectively, and the percentage of incident SAB cases due to MRSA fluctuated across the study period. There was no apparent temporal trend in SAB incidence over the study period (P = .093). Conclusions Our investigation represents the only contemporary population-based study in the United States. Despite the impression that SAB incidence may have increased based on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention surveillance data, our finding of no change in SAB incidence was somewhat unanticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joya-Rita Hindy
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Juan A. Quintero-Martinez
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Brian D. Lahr
- Division of Clinical Trials & Biostatistics, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Raj Palraj
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - John R. Go
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Madiha Fida
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Omar M. Abu Saleh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Verda Arshad
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Khawaja M. Talha
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Daniel C. DeSimone
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - M. Rizwan Sohail
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Larry M. Baddour
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
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Zhang Y, Meng B, Wei X, Li Y, Wang X, Zheng Y, Wang C, Cui L, Zhao X. Evaluation of Phage Therapy for Pulmonary Infection of Mouse by Liquid Aerosol-Exposure Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:4457-4469. [PMID: 34737586 PMCID: PMC8558430 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s326230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important nosocomial infectious bacterium, more and more multidrug resistant P. aeruginosa have been isolated and posed severe challenges to clinical antibiotic treatment, bringing additional morbidity, mortality, and economic burden. Bacteriophages can lyse bacteria specificity and are feasible alternatives to antibiotics. METHODS A Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infecting phage vB_PaeP_PA01EW was isolated. Phage plaque assays, transmission electron microscopy, host-range determination, infection assay analyses, whole-genome sequencing and annotation were performed for the phage. Mice pneumonia model using liquid aerosol-exposure Pseudomonas aeruginosa was established, and phage therapy was evaluated. RESULTS vB_PaeP_PA01EW belongs to the family Podoviridae according to transmission electron microscopy and was identified as a Luz24likevirus according to the genome analysis. For the phage therapy, compared with the bacteria-infected group, the phage-rescue group has some characteristics. First, adventitial edema and diffuse infiltration of inflammatory cells in tissues were alleviated, Second, bronchial epithelial cell proliferation was reduced. Third, the bacterial burden was significantly decreased. CONCLUSION This study provided data support and theoretical basis for the clinical application of bacteriophages. It has important guiding significance and reference value for the application of bacteriophage therapy of other pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Biao Meng
- Centre for Disease Control and Prevention of China PLA, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Wei
- Centre for Disease Control and Prevention of China PLA, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Centre for Disease Control and Prevention of China PLA, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changjun Wang
- Centre for Disease Control and Prevention of China PLA, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lihong Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangna Zhao
- Centre for Disease Control and Prevention of China PLA, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
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