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Guo Y, Que H, Chen B, Chao C, Li S, Guo S, Yin Y, Wang H, Zhu M, Li P. Citronellal improves endothelial dysfunction by affecting the stability of the GCH1 protein. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2024; 56:963-972. [PMID: 38993132 PMCID: PMC11322867 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2024086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction (ED) serves as the pathological basis for various cardiovascular diseases. Guanosine triphosphate cyclopyrrolone 1 (GCH1) emerges as a pivotal protein in sustaining nitric oxide (NO) production within endothelial cells, yet it undergoes degradation under oxidative stress, contributing to endothelial cell dysfunction. Citronellal (CT), a monoterpenoid, has been shown to ameliorate endothelial dysfunction induced by in atherosclerosis rats. However, whether CT can inhibit the degradation of GCH1 protein is not clear. It has been reported that ubiquitination may play a crucial role in regulating GCH1 protein levels and activities. However, the specific E3 ligase for GCH1 and the molecular mechanism of GCH1 ubiquitination remain unclear. Using data-base exploration analysis, we find that the levels of the E3 ligase Smad-ubiquitination regulatory factor 2 (Smurf2) negatively correlate with those of GCH1 in vascular tissues and HUVECs. We observe that Smurf2 interacts with GCH1 and promotes its degradation via the proteasome pathway. Interestingly, ectopic Smurf2 expression not only decreases GCH1 levels but also reduces cell proliferation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, mostly because of increased GCH1 accumulation. Furthermore, we identify BH 4/eNOS as downstream of GCH1. Taken together, our results indicate that CT can obviously improve vascular endothelial injury in Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) rats and reverse the expressions of GCH1 and Smurf2 proteins in aorta of T1DM rats. Smurf2 promotes ubiquitination and degradation of GCH1 through proteasome pathway in HUVECs. We conclude that the Smurf2-GCH1 interaction might represent a potential target for improving endothelial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Guo
- SanQuan Medical CollegeSino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury and Department of Physiology and NeurobiologyHenan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug InterventionSchool of Basic Medical SciencesCollege of PharmacyXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiang453003China
| | - Huadong Que
- SanQuan Medical CollegeSino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury and Department of Physiology and NeurobiologyHenan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug InterventionSchool of Basic Medical SciencesCollege of PharmacyXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiang453003China
| | - Bulei Chen
- SanQuan Medical CollegeSino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury and Department of Physiology and NeurobiologyHenan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug InterventionSchool of Basic Medical SciencesCollege of PharmacyXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiang453003China
| | - Chunyan Chao
- SanQuan Medical CollegeSino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury and Department of Physiology and NeurobiologyHenan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug InterventionSchool of Basic Medical SciencesCollege of PharmacyXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiang453003China
- Huang Huai UniversityZhumadian463000China
| | - Shanshan Li
- SanQuan Medical CollegeSino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury and Department of Physiology and NeurobiologyHenan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug InterventionSchool of Basic Medical SciencesCollege of PharmacyXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiang453003China
| | - Shuang Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and AngiopathyHubei University of Science and TechnologyXianning437100China
| | - Yaling Yin
- SanQuan Medical CollegeSino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury and Department of Physiology and NeurobiologyHenan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug InterventionSchool of Basic Medical SciencesCollege of PharmacyXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiang453003China
| | - Huanhuan Wang
- SanQuan Medical CollegeSino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury and Department of Physiology and NeurobiologyHenan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug InterventionSchool of Basic Medical SciencesCollege of PharmacyXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiang453003China
| | - Moli Zhu
- SanQuan Medical CollegeSino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury and Department of Physiology and NeurobiologyHenan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug InterventionSchool of Basic Medical SciencesCollege of PharmacyXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiang453003China
| | - Peng Li
- SanQuan Medical CollegeSino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury and Department of Physiology and NeurobiologyHenan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug InterventionSchool of Basic Medical SciencesCollege of PharmacyXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiang453003China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and AngiopathyHubei University of Science and TechnologyXianning437100China
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Huang J, Zhu Z, Schlüter D, Lambertsen KL, Song W, Wang X. Ubiquitous regulation of cerebrovascular diseases by ubiquitin-modifying enzymes. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1719. [PMID: 38778460 PMCID: PMC11111633 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major threat to global health. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathology of CVDs is critical for the development of efficacious preventative and therapeutic approaches. Accumulating studies have highlighted the significance of ubiquitin-modifying enzymes (UMEs) in the regulation of CVDs. UMEs are a group of enzymes that orchestrate ubiquitination, a post-translational modification tightly involved in CVDs. Functionally, UMEs regulate multiple pathological processes in ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, moyamoya disease, and atherosclerosis. Considering the important roles of UMEs in CVDs, they may become novel druggable targets for these diseases. Besides, techniques applying UMEs, such as proteolysis-targeting chimera and deubiquitinase-targeting chimera, may also revolutionize the therapy of CVDs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyong Huang
- Department of Vascular SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Zhenhu Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Dirk Schlüter
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | - Kate Lykke Lambertsen
- Department of Neurobiology ResearchInstitute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdense CDenmark
- BRIGDE—Brain Research—Inter‐Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical ResearchUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdense CDenmark
- Department of NeurologyOdense University HospitalOdense CDenmark
| | - Weihong Song
- Oujiang LaboratoryKey Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental DisordersInstitute of AgingSchool of Mental HealthAffiliated Kangning HospitalThe Second Affiliated HospitalYuying Children's HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- Oujiang LaboratoryKey Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental DisordersInstitute of AgingSchool of Mental HealthAffiliated Kangning HospitalThe Second Affiliated HospitalYuying Children's HospitalWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
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You S, Xu J, Guo Y, Guo X, Zhang Y, Zhang N, Sun G, Sun Y. E3 ubiquitin ligase WWP2 as a promising therapeutic target for diverse human diseases. Mol Aspects Med 2024; 96:101257. [PMID: 38430667 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2024.101257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian E3 ubiquitin ligases have emerged in recent years as critical regulators of cellular homeostasis due to their roles in targeting substrate proteins for ubiquitination and triggering subsequent downstream signals. In this review, we describe the multiple roles of WWP2, an E3 ubiquitin ligase with unique and important functions in regulating a wide range of biological processes, including DNA repair, gene expression, signal transduction, and cell-fate decisions. As such, WWP2 has evolved to play a key role in normal physiology and diseases, such as tumorigenesis, skeletal development and diseases, immune regulation, cardiovascular disease, and others. We attempt to provide an overview of the biochemical, physiological, and pathophysiological roles of WWP2, as well as open questions for future research, particularly in the context of putative therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilong You
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiaqi Xu
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yushan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaofan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Naijin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Advanced Reproductive Medicine and Fertility, National Health Commission, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Guozhe Sun
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Yingxian Sun
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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Fei X, Cen X, Zhao R, Wang J, Cui H. PRMT5 knockdown enhances cell viability and suppresses cell apoptosis, oxidative stress, inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in ox-LDL-induced vascular endothelial cells via interacting with PDCD4. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110529. [PMID: 37399609 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is an important pathological basis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The development of AS commences with endothelial dysfunction due to vascular endothelial cell injury. It is well documented that protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is highly related to cardiovascular events. BioGRID database analysis indicates that PRMT5 may interact with programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4), which is reported to be involved in AS progression. This present research was formulated to elucidate the biological roles of PRMT5/PDCD4 in vascular endothelial cell injury during AS. In this current work, HUVECs were stimulated with 100 mg/L ox-LDL for 48 h to construct an in vitro AS model. Expression levels of PRMT5 and PDCD4 were analyzed by performing RT-qPCR and western blot. The viability and apoptosis of HUVECs were determined using CCK-8, flow cytometry and western blot assays. The status of oxidative stress and inflammation was assessed via commercial detection kits and ELISA assay, respectively. Besides, biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction were detected via commercial detection kit and western blot assay. In addition, the interacting relationship between PRMT5 and PDCD4 was verified by Co-IP assay. Highly expressed PRMT5 was observed in ox-LDL-stimulated HUVECs. Knockdown of PRMT5 enhanced the viability and inhibited the apoptosis of ox-LDL-induced HUVECs as well as alleviated ox-LDL-triggered oxidative stress, inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in HUVECs. PRMT5 interacted and bound with PDCD4. Furthermore, the enhancing effect on cell viability as well as the suppressing effects on cell apoptosis, oxidative stress, inflammation and endothelial dysfunction of PRMT5 knockdown in ox-LDL-induced HUVECs were partially abolished upon up-regulation of PDCD4. To conclude, down-regulation of PRMT5 might exert protective effects against vascular endothelial cell injury during AS by suppressing PDCD4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Fei
- Cardiology Center, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Xuejiang Cen
- Cardiology Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Ruochi Zhao
- Cardiology Center, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jian Wang
- Cardiology Center, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Hanbin Cui
- Cardiology Center, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, PR China
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Li C, Song Z, Gao P, Duan W, Liu X, Liang S, Gong Q, Guo J. Transaldolase inhibits CD36 expression by modulating glutathione-p38 signaling, exerting protective effects against macrophage foam cell formation. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2023; 55:1496-1505. [PMID: 37528662 PMCID: PMC10520467 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In atherosclerosis, macrophage-derived foam cell formation is considered to be a hallmark of the pathological process; this occurs via the uptake of modified lipoproteins. In the present study, we aim to determine the role of transaldolase in foam cell formation and atherogenesis and reveal the mechanisms underlying its role. Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) isolated from mice successfully form foam cells after treatment with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (80 μg/mL). Elevated transaldolase levels in the foam cell model are assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. Transaldolase overexpression and knockdown in BMDMs are achieved via plasmid transfection and small interfering RNA technology, respectively. We find that transaldolase overexpression effectively attenuates, whereas transaldolase knockdown accelerates, macrophage-derived foam cell formation through the inhibition or activation of cholesterol uptake mediated by the scavenger receptor cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) in a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling-dependent manner. Transaldolase-mediated glutathione (GSH) homeostasis is identified as the upstream regulator of p38 MAPK-mediated CD36-dependent cholesterol uptake in BMDMs. Transaldolase upregulates GSH production, thereby suppressing p38 activity and reducing the CD36 level, ultimately preventing foam cell formation and atherosclerosis. Thus, our findings indicate that the transaldolase-GSH-p38-CD36 axis may represent a promising therapeutic target for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyi Li
- Department of ImmunologySchool of MedicineYangtze UniversityJingzhou434023China
| | - Zihao Song
- Department of ImmunologySchool of MedicineYangtze UniversityJingzhou434023China
| | - Pengyue Gao
- Department of ImmunologySchool of MedicineYangtze UniversityJingzhou434023China
| | - Wei Duan
- Department of OncologyJingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze UniversityJingzhou434023China
| | - Xiu Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryNanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhou510515China
| | - Sijia Liang
- Department of Pharmacologyand Cardiac & Cerebral Vascular Research CenterZhongshan School of MedicineSun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Quan Gong
- Department of ImmunologySchool of MedicineYangtze UniversityJingzhou434023China
| | - Jiawei Guo
- Department of ImmunologySchool of MedicineYangtze UniversityJingzhou434023China
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Analysis of Long Noncoding RNAs-Related Regulatory Mechanisms in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Using a Disease-Related lncRNA-mRNA Pathway Network. Genet Res (Camb) 2022; 2022:8548804. [PMID: 36619896 PMCID: PMC9771664 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8548804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate the molecular regulatory mechanisms underpinning Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Methods Using microarray data, differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs (DELs) and DMD-related differentially expressed mRNAs (DEMs) were screened based on the comparative toxicogenomics database, using a cutoff of |log2 fold change| > 1 and false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05. Then, protein-protein interaction (PPI), coexpression network of lncRNA-mRNA, and DMD-related lncRNA-mRNA pathway networks were constructed, and functional analyses of the genes in the network were performed. Finally, the proportions of immune cells infiltrating the muscle tissues in DMD were analyzed, and the correlation between the immune cells and expression of the DELs/DEMs was studied. Results A total of 46 DELs and 313 DMD-related DEMs were identified. The PPI network revealed STAT1, VEGFA, and CCL2 to be the top three hub genes. The DMD-related lncRNA-mRNA pathway network comprising two pathways, nine DELs, and nine DMD-related DEMs showed that PYCARD, RIPK2, and CASP1 were significantly enriched in the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, whereas MAP2K2, LUM, RPS6, PDCD4, TWIST1, and HIF1A were significantly enriched with proteoglycans in cancers. The nine DELs in this network were DBET, MBNL1-AS1, MIR29B2CHG, CCDC18-AS1, FAM111A-DT, GAS5, LINC01290, ATP2B1-AS1, and PSMB8-AS1. Conclusion The nine DMD-related DEMs and DELs identified in this study may play important roles in the occurrence and progression of DMD through the two pathways of the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway and proteoglycans in cancers.
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