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Liu F, Geng C, Qu YK, Cheng BX, Zhang Y, Wang AM, Zhang JH, Liu B, Tian HY, Yang WP, Yu YB, Chen ZB. The feeding of dietary Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide enhances the immune responses, the expression of immune-related genes and the growth performance of red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 103:321-331. [PMID: 32446966 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides have many functions in aquatic animals and are widely used as immunopotentiators. However, despite the emergence of serious diseases, few studies have explored the effects of Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide (CPP) on crustaceans. We studied the effects of CPP on the growth performance, nonspecific immunity, antioxidant activity and disease resistance of red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). Healthy crayfish (5.80 ± 0.1 g) were fed diets supplemented with 0% (control), 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.20%, and 0.30% CPP for 8 weeks. At the end of the 8-week feeding trial, the optimal final body weight (FBW), weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were observed in the crayfish fed the diets with 0.15% and 0.20% CPP, followed by those fed the diet with 0.30% CPP and then those fed the diet with 0.10% CPP, whereas the values of these parameters were obtained with the control crayfish (P < 0.05). The crayfish fed the diets with 0.15% and 0.20% CPP exhibited a significantly higher total hemocyte count (THC) and significantly increased phenoloxidase (PO), lysozyme (LZM), hemocyte (Hc), acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) compared with those belonging to the other groups (P < 0.05). The crayfish fed the diets with 0.15% and 0.2% CPP exhibited significantly higher total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, a significantly increased total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and a significantly lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content compared with the other groups (P < 0.05), which indicated that antioxidant capacity was significantly induced by the CPP-supplemented diets. Significantly upregulated expression of immune-related genes (anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (alf), peroxiredoxin (prx5), cathepsin B (ctsb), mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (mtMnsod), cyclophilin A (cypa), glutathione peroxidase (gpx), Toll-like receptor 3 (tlr3), and heat shock protein 70 (hsp70)) was detected in the crayfish fed the diets supplemented with 0.15% and 0.20% CPP diet compared with the levels observed in the control crayfish. These results showed that dietary CPP supplementation greatly improved the growth, immunity and antioxidant capacities of crayfish, and according to the observed results, 0.15%-0.2% is the recommended optimal level of CPP dietary supplementation for crayfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Department of Marine Science and Technology, School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, PR China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, 410022, PR China.
| | - Chao Geng
- Department of Marine Science and Technology, School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, PR China
| | - Yun-Kun Qu
- Department of Marine Science and Technology, School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, PR China
| | - Bo-Xing Cheng
- School of Biological Sciences, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Marine Science and Technology, School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, PR China
| | - Ai-Ming Wang
- Department of Marine Science and Technology, School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, PR China.
| | - Jia-Hong Zhang
- Agricultural Science Institute of Lixiahe District, Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, 225007, PR China
| | - Bo Liu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, PR China
| | - Hong-Yan Tian
- Department of Marine Science and Technology, School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, PR China
| | - Wen-Ping Yang
- Department of Marine Science and Technology, School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, PR China
| | - Ye-Bing Yu
- Department of Marine Science and Technology, School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, PR China
| | - Zhong-Bing Chen
- Jiangsu Zhengyuan Chuanghui Agricultural Technology Development Co., Ltd, Jianhu, 224763, PR China
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Liu F, Qu YK, Geng C, Wang AM, Zhang JH, Chen KJ, Liu B, Tian HY, Yang WP, Yu YB. Effects of hesperidin on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune responses and disease resistance of red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 99:154-166. [PMID: 32045638 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of hesperidin on the nonspecific immunity, antioxidant capacity and growth performance of red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). A total of 900 healthy crayfish were randomly divided into six groups: the control group (fed the basal diet) and the HES25, HES50, HES75, HES100 and HES150 groups, which were fed the basal diet supplemented with 25, 50, 75, 100 and 150 mg kg-1 hesperidin, respectively. The feeding experiment lasted 8 weeks. The results indicated that compared with the control group, the crayfish groups supplemented with 50-150 mg kg-1 hesperidin had a decreased feed conversion ratio (FCR) and increased final body weight (FBW), specific growth rate (SGR) and weight gain (WG) (P < 0.05). The protein carbonyl content (PCC), reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the hepatopancreas and hemocytes were significantly lower, while the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were significantly higher in the crayfish groups supplemented with 50-150 mg kg-1 hesperidin than in the control group. Supplementation with 50-150 mg kg-1 hesperidin significantly increased the activities of acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), lysozyme (LZM), and phenoloxidase (PO) compared with the control group (P < 0.05); upregulated the mRNA expression of cyclophilin A (CypA), extracellular copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (ecCuZnSOD), GPxs, crustin, astacidin, Toll3 and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) (P < 0.05); and decreased crayfish mortality following white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection. These findings indicate that dietary hesperidin supplementation at an optimum dose of 50-150 mg kg-1 may effectively improve nonspecific immunity, antioxidant capacity and growth performance in crayfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Department of Marine Science and Technology, School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, PR China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, 410022, PR China
| | - Yun-Kun Qu
- Department of Marine Science and Technology, School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, PR China
| | - Chao Geng
- Department of Marine Science and Technology, School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, PR China
| | - Ai-Ming Wang
- Department of Marine Science and Technology, School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, PR China.
| | - Jia-Hong Zhang
- Agricultural Science Institute of Lixiahe District, Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, 225007, PR China.
| | - Kai-Jian Chen
- Center for Engineering and Technology Research on Utilization of Characteristic Aquatic Resources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, PR China
| | - Bo Liu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, PR China
| | - Hong-Yan Tian
- Department of Marine Science and Technology, School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, PR China
| | - Wen-Ping Yang
- Department of Marine Science and Technology, School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, PR China
| | - Ye-Bing Yu
- Department of Marine Science and Technology, School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, PR China
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