Determination of sixteen food additives in beverage by capillary zone electrophoresis

Ultrasonic-assisted cloud point microextraction and spectrophotometric determination of Ponceau 4R in various beverage samples using Non-ionic surfactant PONPE 7.5

In the current study, a simple, cheap, and fast analytical procedure, termed ultrasonic-assisted cloud point microextraction (UA-CPME), combined with UV-VIS spectrophotometry, was developed for the pre-concentration and identification of Ponceau 4R in some beverage samples. Ponceau 4R was extracted from aqueous solution using polyethylene glycol mono-p-nonylphenyl ether (PONPE 7.5) as extraction solvent in the presence of Cu(II) at pH 6.0. Variables influencing the UA-CPME extraction efficiency such as pH, metal type and amount, temperature, ultrasonic effect, solvent type, non-ionic surfactant type and concentration were optimised in detail. Under optimum conditions, the analytical properties of the developed method were as follows: linear working range, 20-750 μg L^-1; limit of detection, 6.5 µg L^-1; and the pre-concentration factor, 200. The relative standard deviation (RSD%) obtained for 50 µg L^-1 (n = 5) of Ponceau 4R was 2.9%. The accuracy and precision of the method were evaluated by intra-day and inter-day studies. Finally, the developed method has been successfully applied to the separation and identification of Ponceau 4R in the selected samples and the recoveries ranged from 94.3 to 104.2.