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Wang L, Han Y, Cao C, Hu H, Li H. The non-linear link between non-high-density lipoprotein to high-density lipoprotein ratio and the risk of stroke in middle-aged and older adults in Chinese: a prospective cohort study from the China health and retirement longitudinal study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1303336. [PMID: 38288470 PMCID: PMC10823364 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1303336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to assess the association between the non-HDL-c/HDL-c ratio and stroke risk among middle-aged and older adults participating in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Methods This study conducted a prospective cohort analysis, enrolling a total of 10,183 participants who met the designated criteria from CHARLS between 2011 and 2012. We then used the Cox proportional-hazards regression model to explore the relationship between baseline non-HDL-c/HDL-c ratio and stroke risk. Using a Cox proportional hazards regression with cubic spline function, we were able to identify the non-linear relationship between the non-HDL-c/HDL-c ratio and stroke occurrence. A series of sensitivity analyses were also carried out. Results The average age of the participants included in this study was 59.16 ± 9.35 years, and 4,735 individuals (46.68%) were male. Over a median follow-up period of 7.0 years, a total of 1,191 people (11.70%) experienced a stroke. Using a Cox proportional hazards regression model that was fully adjusted, we found no statistically significant correlation between the non-HDL-c/HDL-c ratio and the risk of stroke (HR=1.022; 95% CI 0.964, 1.083). Nevertheless, we did observe a non-linear relationship and saturation effect between the non-HDL-c/HDL-c ratio and stroke. Employing a two-piece Cox proportional hazards regression model and a recursive algorithm, we determined an inflection point of 2.685 for the non-HDL-c/HDL-c ratio. In instances where the non-HDL-c/HDL-c ratio fell below 2.685, for every 1-unit decrease in the non-HDL-c/HDL-c ratio, the likelihood of stroke decreased by 21.4% (HR=1.214, 95% CI: 1.039-1.418). In contrast, when the non-HDL-c/HDL-c ratio exceeded 2.685, there was no statistically significant change in the risk of stroke for each unit decrease in the non-HDL-c/HDL-c ratio (HR: 0.967, 95% CI: 0.897-1.042). The consistency of these findings across multiple sensitivity analyses suggests their robustness. Conclusion This study unveils a non-linear relationship between the non-HDL-c/HDL-c ratio and stroke risk in middle-aged and older adults in China. Specifically, when the non-HDL-c/HDL-c ratio was below 2.685, a significant and clearly positive association with stroke risk was observed. Additionally, maintaining the non-HDL-c/HDL-c ratio below 2.685 could potentially lead to a substantial reduction in the risk of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanbo Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yong Han
- Department of Emergency, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Changchun Cao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shenzhen Dapeng New District Nan’ao People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Haofei Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Han Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Nomograms for Predicting Coexisting Cardiovascular Disease and Prognosis in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Study Based on NHANES Data. Can Respir J 2022; 2022:5618376. [PMID: 35721788 PMCID: PMC9203208 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5618376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common chronic disease. Progression is further exacerbated by the coexistence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aim to construct a diagnostic nomogram for predicting the risk of coexisting CVD and a prognostic nomogram for predicting long-term survival in COPD. Methods The 540 eligible participants selected from the NHANES 2005-2010 were included in this study. Logistic regression analysis was used to construct a diagnostic nomogram for the diagnosis of coexisting CVD in COPD. Cox regression analyses were used to construct a prognostic nomogram for COPD. A risk stratification system was developed based on the total score generated from the prognostic nomogram. We used C-index and ROC curves to evaluate the discriminant ability of the newly built nomograms. The models were also validated utilizing calibration curves. Survival curves were made using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by the Log-rank test. Results Logistic regression analysis showed that gender, age, neutrophil, RDW, LDH, and HbA1c were independent predictors of coexisting CVD and were included in the diagnostic model. Cox regression analysis indicated that CVD, gender, age, BMI, RDW, albumin, LDH, creatinine, and NLR were independent predictors of COPD prognosis and were incorporated into the prognostic model. The C-index and ROC curves revealed the good discrimination abilities of the models. And the calibration curves implied that the predicted values by the nomograms were in good agreement with the actual observed values. In addition, we found that coexisting with CVD had a worse prognosis compared to those without CVD, and the prognosis of the low-risk group was better than that of the high-risk group in COPD. Conclusions The nomograms we developed can help clinicians and patients to identify COPD coexisting CVD early and predict the 5-year and 10-year survival rates of COPD patients, which has some clinical practical values.
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Cui Y, Zhan Z, Ma Y, Huang K, Liang C, Mao X, Zhang Y, Ren X, Lei J, Chen Y, Yang T, Wang C. Clinical and economic burden of comorbid coronary artery disease in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: sex differences in a nationwide cohort study. Respir Res 2022; 23:28. [PMID: 35151338 PMCID: PMC8840293 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-01945-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a common comorbidity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, data related to the impact of CAD on outcomes of acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) are limited and whether the relationship depends on sex remains unknown. Our aim was to determine the impact of comorbid CAD on clinical outcomes among men and women with AECOPD. Methods We used data from the acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease inpatient registry (ACURE) study, which is a nationwide observational real-world study conducted between September 2017 and February 2020 at 163 centers in patients admitted with AECOPD as their primary diagnosis. Patients were stratified according to the presence or absence of CAD in men and women. The primary outcomes were the length of hospital stay and economic burden during hospitalization. Results Among 3906 patients included in our study, the prevalence of CAD was 17.0%, and it was higher in women than in men (19.5% vs. 16.3%; P = 0.034). Age and other cardiovascular diseases were common factors associated with comorbid CAD in men and women, while body-mass index, cerebrovascular disease, and diabetes were determinants in men and pre-admission use of long-acting beta-adrenoceptor agonist and home oxygen therapy were protective factors in women. Only in men, patients with CAD had a longer length of hospital stay (median 10.0 vs. 9.0 days, P < 0.001), higher total cost during hospitalization (median $1502.2 vs. $1373.4, P < 0.001), and more severe COPD symptoms at day 30 compared to those without CAD. No significant difference was found in women. Comorbid CAD showed no relationship with 30-day readmission or death regardless of sex. In our real-world study, mortality/readmission risk within 30 days increased in patients with previous frequent hospitalizations and poorer pulmonary function. Conclusions In hospitalized AECOPD patients, comorbid CAD was significantly associated with poorer short-term outcomes in men. Clinicians should have heightened attention for men with comorbid CAD to achieve an optimal management of AECOPD patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12931-022-01945-7.
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Arslan S, Yildiz G, Özdemir L, Kaysoydu E, Özdemir B. Association between blood pressure, inflammation and spirometry parameters in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Korean J Intern Med 2019; 34:108-115. [PMID: 30428648 PMCID: PMC6325439 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2017.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Many systems including the cardiovascular system (ischemic heart diseases, heart failure, and hypertension) may act as comorbidities that can be seen during the course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Comorbidities affect the severity and prognosis of COPD negatively. Nearly 25% of patients with COPD die due to cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between the blood pressure, inflammation, hypoxia, hypercapnia, and the severity of airway obstruction. METHODS We included 75 COPD patients in the study with 45 control cases. We evaluated age, sex, body mass index, smoking history, C-reactive protein levels, 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure Holter monitoring, arterial blood gas, and respiratory function tests of the patient and the control groups. RESULTS In COPD patients, the night time systolic, diastolic blood pressures and pulse per minute and the mean blood pressures readings were significantly elevated compared to the control group (p < 0.05). In the correlation analysis, night time systolic pressure was associated with all the parameters except forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1%). Diastolic blood pressure was associated with pH and HCO3 levels. The mean night time, day time pulse pressures and 24- hour pulse per minute values were also associated with all the parameters except FEV1%. CONCLUSION In this study we found that parameters of systolic and diastolic blood pressures and pulse pressures were significantly elevated in COPD patients compared to the control groups. Blood pressure was associated blood gas parameters and inflammation parameters in COPD patients. This, in turn, may cause understanding of the pathophysiology of COPD and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulhattin Arslan
- Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Gürsel Yildiz
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Okan University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Correspondence to Gürsel Yildiz, M.D. Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Okan University, İçmeler Mah., Aydınlı Yolu Cad., Aydemir Sk. No. 2, Istanbul 34947, Turkey Tel: +90-5055422909 Fax: +90-5055422909 E-mail:
| | - Levent Özdemir
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Erdal Kaysoydu
- Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Bülent Özdemir
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
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PREVALENCE OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY HEART DISEASE AND ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION. EUREKA: HEALTH SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.21303/2504-5679.2017.00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among patients with cardio-vascular diseases is higher than in general population. At the same time the one of problems of internal medicine is a timely diagnostics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
The aim of the work was the study of prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among patients with cardio-vascular diseases, especially arterial hypertension and coronary heart disease.
Materials and methods. The retrospective analysis of statistical cards of patients, who were on stationary treatment at therapeutic departments, was carried out to estimate the prevalence of combination of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with arterial hypertension. The target examination of 136 patients was realized for revelation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. All patients were interrogated by the original modified questionnaire of assessment of short breath by medical research council (mMRC), test for assessment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (CAT) and underwent spirography with bronchodilatation test.
Results. It was established, that 10,2 % of patients had the combination of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with arterial hypertension. Among persons, who were on treatment as to the stable coronary heart disease and had not obstructive disease of respiratory organs in anamnesis, in 26,4 % the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was diagnosed for the first time.
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Laratta CR, van Eeden S. Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: cardiovascular links. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:528789. [PMID: 24724085 PMCID: PMC3958649 DOI: 10.1155/2014/528789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic, progressive lung disease resulting from exposure to cigarette smoke, noxious gases, particulate matter, and air pollutants. COPD is exacerbated by acute inflammatory insults such as lung infections (viral and bacterial) and air pollutants which further accelerate the steady decline in lung function. The chronic inflammatory process in the lung contributes to the extrapulmonary manifestations of COPD which are predominantly cardiovascular in nature. Here we review the significant burden of cardiovascular disease in COPD and discuss the clinical and pathological links between acute exacerbations of COPD and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl R Laratta
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada ; UBC James Hogg Research Center, Institute for Heart and Lung Health, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stephan van Eeden
- UBC James Hogg Research Center, Institute for Heart and Lung Health, University of British Columbia, Canada ; Respiratory Division, Department of Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Pillai HS, Ganapathi S. Heart failure in South Asia. Curr Cardiol Rev 2014; 9:102-11. [PMID: 23597297 PMCID: PMC3682394 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x11309020003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2012] [Revised: 11/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
South Asia (SA) is both the most populous and the most densely populated geographical region in the world. The countries in this region are undergoing epidemiological transition and are facing the double burden of infectious and non-communicable diseases. Heart failure (HF) is a major and increasing burden all over the world. In this review, we discuss the epidemiology of HF in SA today and its impact in the health system of the countries in the region. There are no reliable estimates of incidence and prevalence of HF (heart failure) from this region. The prevalence of HF which is predominantly a disease of the elderly is likely to rise in this region due to the growing age of the population. Patients admitted with HF in the SA region are relatively younger than their western counterparts. The etiology of HF in this region is also different from the western world. Untreated congenital heart disease and rheumatic heart disease still contribute significantly to the burden of HF in this region. Due to epidemiological transition, the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity and smoking is on the rise in this region. This is likely to escalate the prevalence of HF in South Asia. We also discuss potential developments in the field of HF management likely to occur in the nations in South Asia. Finally, we discuss the interventions for prevention of HF in this region
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Affiliation(s)
- Harikrishnan Sivadasan Pillai
- Department of Cardiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India.
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Yoon JS, Choi SY, Suh JH, Jeong JY, Lee BY, Park YG, Kim CK, Park CB. Tension pneumothorax, is it a really life-threatening condition? J Cardiothorac Surg 2013; 8:197. [PMID: 24128176 PMCID: PMC4016536 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8090-8-197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tension pneumothorax is a life-threatening occurrence that is infrequently the consequence of spontaneous pneumothorax. The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for the development of tension pneumothorax and its effect on clinical outcomes. METHODS We reviewed patients who were admitted with spontaneous pneumothorax between August 1, 2003 and December 31, 2011. Electronic medical records and the radiological findings were reviewed with chest x-ray and high-resolution computed tomography scans that were retrieved from the Picture Archiving Communication System. RESULTS Out of the 370 patients included in this study, tension pneumothorax developed in 60 (16.2%). The bullae were larger in patients with tension pneumothorax than in those without (23.8 ± 16.2 mm vs 16.1 ± 19.1 mm; P = 0.007). In addition, the incidence of tension pneumothorax increased with the lung bulla size. Fibrotic adhesion was more prevalent in the tension pneumothorax group than in that without (P = 0.000). The bullae were large in patients with fibrotic adhesion than in those without adhesion (35.0 ± 22.3 mm vs 10.4 ± 11.5 mm; P = 0.000). On multivariate analysis, the size of bullae (odds ratio (OR) = 1.03, P = 0.001) and fibrotic adhesion (OR = 10.76, P = 0.000) were risk factors of tension pneumothorax. Hospital mortality was 3.3% in the tension pneumothorax group and it was not significantly different from those patients without tension pneunothorax (P = 0.252). CONCLUSIONS Tension pneumothorax is not uncommon, but clinically fatal tension pneumothorax is extremely rare. The size of the lung bullae and fibrotic adhesion contributes to the development of tension pneumothorax.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chan Beom Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Incheon St, Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 665-8, Bupyeong-dong, Bupyeong-gu, Incheon 403-720, Republic of Korea.
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Herrin MA, Feemster LC, Crothers K, Uman JE, Bryson CL, Au DH. Combination antihypertensive therapy among patients with COPD. Chest 2013; 143:1312-1320. [PMID: 23287970 DOI: 10.1378/chest.12-1770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COPD and hypertension both increase the risk of congestive heart failure (CHF). Current clinical trials do not inform the selection of combination antihypertensive therapy among patients with COPD. We performed a comparative effectiveness study to investigate whether choice of dual agent antihypertensive therapy is associated with risk of hospitalization for CHF among patients with these two conditions. METHODS We identified a cohort of 7,104 patients with COPD and hypertension receiving care within Veterans Administration hospitals between January 2001 and December 2006, with follow-up through April 2009. We included only patients prescribed two antihypertensive medications. We used Cox proportional hazard models for statistical analysis. RESULTS Compared with β-blockers plus an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin II receptor blocker, patients prescribed a thiazide diuretic plus a β-blocker (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.49; 95% CI, 0.32-0.75), a thiazide plus an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin II receptor blocker (adjusted HR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.35-0.71), and a thiazide plus a calcium channel blocker (adjusted HR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.35-0.88) had a significantly lower risk of hospitalization for CHF. After stratification by history of CHF, we found that this association was isolated to patients without a history of CHF. Adjustment for patient characteristics and comorbidities had a small effect on risk of hospitalization. Choice of antihypertensive medication combination had no significant association with risk of COPD exacerbation. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with comorbid hypertension and COPD requiring two antihypertensive agents, combination therapy that includes a thiazide diuretic was associated with a significantly lower risk of hospitalization for CHF among patients without a history of CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Herrin
- Health Services Research and Development, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA.
| | - Laura Cecere Feemster
- Health Services Research and Development, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Jane E Uman
- Health Services Research and Development, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA
| | - Chris L Bryson
- Health Services Research and Development, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA; Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - David H Au
- Health Services Research and Development, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Seattle, WA
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