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The Role of Extracellular Vesicles Secreted From Thermal Stress-Induced Adipose-Derived Stem Cells on Bone Regeneration. J Craniofac Surg 2021; 32:2245-2250. [PMID: 34516061 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000007901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are responsible for intercellular communication. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived vesicles have been shown to have similar properties as functional mesenchymal stem cells. The aim of this study was to compare the therapeutic benefit of EVs obtained from adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSC) on bone repair whereas using ß-tricalcium phosphate (ß-TCP) biomaterial as a carrier. MATERIALS AND METHOD A single critical size bone defect of 8 mm in diameter was created on the right side of rat calvarium using a custom-made punch needle. Animals were randomly divided into 5 groups: group 1 (no treatment), group 2 (bone graft), group 3 (ß-TCP + ADSC), group 4 (ß-TCP + EV), group 5 (ß-TCP). Eight weeks later, animals were sacrificed and histologic and radiologic evaluation was performed. RESULTS Semiquantitative histologic scoring demonstrated significantly higher bone regeneration scores for groups 2, 3, and 4 compared to group 1. Radiologic imaging showed significantly higher bone mineral density for groups 2, 3, and 5 compared to group 1. There were no significant differences between treatment groups in either histologic or radiologic scoring. CONCLUSIONS Our data showed that EVs provided from thermally induced ADSCs did not show any significant difference in bone regeneration when compared to ADSCs themselves. Future studies should focus on determining the optimum amount and content of EV application since these vary significantly depending on the microenvironment.
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2
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Aslam N, Abusharieh E, Abuarqoub D, Alhattab D, Jafar H, Alshaer W, Masad RJ, Awidi AS. An In Vitro Comparison of Anti-Tumoral Potential of Wharton's Jelly and Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Exhibited by Cell Cycle Arrest in Glioma Cells (U87MG). Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:584710. [PMID: 34257532 PMCID: PMC8262206 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.584710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for various malignancies is currently under investigation due to their unique properties. However, many discrepancies regarding their anti-tumoral or pro-tumoral properties have raised uncertainty about their application for anti-cancer therapies. To investigate, if the anti-tumoral or pro-tumoral properties are subjective to the type of MSCs under different experimental conditions we set out these experiments. Three treatments namely cell lysates (CL), serum-free conditioned media and FBS conditioned media (FBSCM) from each of Wharton’s Jelly MSCs and Bone Marrow-MSCs were applied to evaluate the anti-tumoral or pro-tumoral effect on the glioma cells (U87MG). The functional analysis included; Morphological evaluation, proliferation and migration potential, cell cycle analysis, and apoptosis for glioma cells. The fibroblast cell line was added to investigate the stimulatory or inhibitory effect of treatments on the proliferation of the normal cell. We found that cell lysates induced a generalized inhibitory effect on the proliferation of the glioma cells and the fibroblasts from both types of MSCs. Similarly, both types of conditioned media from two types of MSCs exerted the same inhibitory effect on the proliferation of the glioma cells. However, the effect of two types of conditioned media on the proliferation of fibroblasts was stimulatory from BM-MSCs and variable from WJ-MSCs. Moreover, all three treatments exerted a likewise inhibitory effect on the migration potential of the glioma cells. Furthermore, we found that the cell cycle was arrested significantly at the G1 phase after treating cells with conditioned media which may have led to inhibit the proliferative and migratory abilities of the glioma cells (U87MG). We conclude that cell extracts of MSCs in the form of secretome can induce specific anti-tumoral properties in serum-free conditions for the glioma cells particularly the WJ-MSCs and the effect is mediated by the cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazneen Aslam
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Elham Abusharieh
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.,Department of Pharmaceutical science, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Duaa Abuarqoub
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.,Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra. Amman, Jordan
| | - Dana Alhattab
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.,Laboratory for Nanomedicine, Division of Biological & Environmental Science & Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Jafar
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.,Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Walhan Alshaer
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Razan J Masad
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Abdalla S Awidi
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Jordan University Hospital, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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3
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Galli M, Yao Y, Giannobile WV, Wang HL. Current and future trends in periodontal tissue engineering and bone regeneration. PLASTIC AND AESTHETIC RESEARCH 2021; 8. [PMID: 35765666 PMCID: PMC9236184 DOI: 10.20517/2347-9264.2020.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Periodontal tissue engineering involves a multi-disciplinary approach towards the regeneration of periodontal ligament, cementum and alveolar bone surrounding teeth, whereas bone regeneration specifically applies to ridge reconstruction in preparation for future implant placement, sinus floor augmentation and regeneration of peri-implant osseous defects. Successful periodontal regeneration is based on verifiable cementogenesis on the root surface, oblique insertion of periodontal ligament fibers and formation of new and vital supporting bone. Ultimately, regenerated periodontal and peri-implant support must be able to interface with surrounding host tissues in an integrated manner, withstand biomechanical forces resulting from mastication, and restore normal function and structure. Current regenerative approaches utilized in everyday clinical practice are mainly guided tissue/bone regeneration-based. Although these approaches have shown positive outcomes for small and medium-sized defects, predictability of clinical outcomes is heavily dependent on the defect morphology and clinical case selection. In many cases, it is still challenging to achieve predictable regenerative outcomes utilizing current approaches. Periodontal tissue engineering and bone regeneration (PTEBR) aims to improve the state of patient care by promoting reconstitution of damaged and lost tissues through the use of growth factors and signaling molecules, scaffolds, cells and gene therapy. The present narrative review discusses key advancements in PTEBR including current and future trends in preclinical and clinical research, as well as the potential for clinical translatability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Galli
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - William V Giannobile
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Biointerfaces Institute, North Campus Research Complex, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hom-Lay Wang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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4
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Lopes GM, Grudzinski PB, Beyer Nardi N, Leguisamo NM. Cell Therapy Improves Cardiac Function in Anthracycline-Induced Cardiomyopathy Preclinical Models: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:1247-1265. [PMID: 32741268 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2020.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although anthracycline (ANT)-based treatment strongly contributes to cancer survivorship, the use of these agents is limited by the risk of cardiotoxicity. For those patients who evolve to heart failure, myocardial regenerative approaches are of particular interest, and a growing body of preclinical studies has been investigating the use of cell therapy for ANT-induced cardiomyopathy (AIC). However, since animal models and modalities of cell therapy are highly heterogeneous between studies, the efficacy of cell therapy for AIC is not clear. Thus, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of experimental studies reporting the use of cell therapy with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) or bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNC) in animal models of AIC with regard to global cardiac function. The Medline, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to November 2019. Two reviewers independently extracted data on study quality and the results of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and fractional shortening (FS) obtained by echocardiography. The quality of outcomes was assessed using the Cochrane, Collaborative Approach to Meta-Analysis and Review of Animal Data from Experimental Studies (CAMARADES), and SYRCLE bias risk tools. Pooled random-effects modeling was used to calculate pooled mean differences (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Twenty-two studies comprising 381 small animals (rabbits and rodents) were included. A pooled meta-analysis of all treatments showed that cell therapy increased LVEF by 9.87% (95% CI 7.25-12.50, P < 0.00001) and FS by 7.80% (95% CI 5.68-9.92, P < 0.00001) in small animals with AIC. Cell therapy with MSC/BMMNC is effective to mitigate the deleterious effects of ANT on cardiac function in preclinical models. Nevertheless, due to the small number of studies and considerable heterogeneity, future translational studies must be designed to diminish between-study discrepancies and increase similarity to the clinical landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Maciel Lopes
- Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande do Sul/University Foundation of Cardiology (IC/FUC), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Health Sciences (Cardiology), University Foundation of Cardiology, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Bencke Grudzinski
- Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande do Sul/University Foundation of Cardiology (IC/FUC), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Nance Beyer Nardi
- Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande do Sul/University Foundation of Cardiology (IC/FUC), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Health Sciences (Cardiology), University Foundation of Cardiology, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Natalia Motta Leguisamo
- Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande do Sul/University Foundation of Cardiology (IC/FUC), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Health Sciences (Cardiology), University Foundation of Cardiology, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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5
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Majka SM, Rojas M, Petrache I, Foronjy RF. Mesenchymal Regulation of the Microvascular Niche in Chronic Lung Diseases. Compr Physiol 2019; 9:1431-1441. [PMID: 31688970 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c180043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The adult lung is comprised of diverse vascular, epithelial, and mesenchymal progenitor cell populations that reside in distinct niches. Mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) are intimately associated with both the epithelium and the vasculature, and new evidence is emerging to describe their functional roles in these niches. Also emerging, following lineage analysis and single cell sequencing, is a new understanding of the diversity of mesenchymal cell subpopulations in the lung. However, several gaps in knowledge remain, including how newly defined MPC lineages interact with cells in the vascular niche and the role of adult lung MPCs during lung repair and regeneration following injury, especially in chronic lung diseases. Here we summarize how the current evidence on MPC regulation of the microvasculature during tissue homeostasis and injury may inform studies on understanding their role in chronic lung disease pathogenesis or repair. © 2019 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 9:1431-1441, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Majka
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Mauricio Rojas
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Irina Petrache
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Robert F Foronjy
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
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Exosomes in Systemic Sclerosis: Messengers Between Immune, Vascular and Fibrotic Components? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184337. [PMID: 31487964 PMCID: PMC6770454 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare autoimmune disease, characterized by vasculopathy and fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. This disease is still considered incurable and is associated with a high risk of mortality, which is related to fibrotic events. An early diagnosis is useful for preventing complications, and targeted therapies reduce disease progression and ameliorate patients’ quality of life. Nevertheless, there are no validated biomarkers for early diagnosis with predictive prognostic value. Exosomes are membrane vesicles, transporting proteins and nucleic acids that may be delivered to target cells, which influences cellular behavior. They play important roles in cell–cell communication, both in physiological and pathological conditions, and may be useful as circulating biomarkers. Recent evidences suggest a role for these microvesicles in the three main aspects related to the pathogenesis of SSc (immunity, vascular damage, and fibrosis). Moreover, exosomes are of particular interest in the field of nano-delivery and are used as biological carriers. In this review, we report the latest information concerning SSc pathogenesis, clinical aspects of SSc, and current approaches to the treatment of SSc. Furthermore, we indicate a possible role of exosomes in SSc pathogenesis and suggest their potential use as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, as well as therapeutic tools.
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7
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Dergilev KV, Tsokolayeva ZI, Beloglazova IB, Ratner EI, Parfyonova EV. Epicardial Transplantation of Cardiac Progenitor Cells Based Cells Sheets is More Promising Method for Stimulation of Myocardial Regeneration, Than Conventional Cell Injections. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 59:53-60. [DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2019.5.2597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Today, transplantation of stem / progenitor cells is a promising approach for the treatment of heart diseases. The therapeutic potential of transplanted cells directly depends on the method of delivery to the myocardium, which determines their regenerative properties. It is important for the development of effective methods of cell therapy. In this paper, we performed a comparative study of efficacy of cardiac progenitor cell (CPC) transplantation by intramyocardial needle injections and by tissue engineering constructs (TEC) – “cell sheets” consisting of cells and their extracellular matrix. It has been shown, that transplantation of TEC in comparison with the intramyocardial delivery provides more extensive distribution and retains more proliferating cellular elements in the damaged myocardium, attenuates the negative cardiac remodeling of the left ventricle and promotes its vascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - E. V. Parfyonova
- National Medical Research Center for Cardiology;
Lomonosov Moscow State University
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8
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Mesenchymal stem cell–derived microvesicles alleviate pulmonary arterial hypertension by regulating renin-angiotensin system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 12:470-478. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Kim YH, Cho KA, Park M, Webster JA, Woo SY, Ryu KH. Conditioned medium from tonsil‑derived mesenchymal stem cells promotes adiponectin production. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:6170-6177. [PMID: 28849047 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are often considered to be a good source for the development of regenerative medicine. Previously, we reported that tonsil‑derived MSC conditioned medium (T‑MSC CM) produces visceral fat reducing effects. As reduced visceral adiposity is closely associated with an increase in circulating adiponectin, the present study investigated the effects of T‑MSC CM on adiponectin production. T‑MSC CM was collected from previously isolated and characterized T‑MSCs and injected into senescence‑accelerated mouse prone 6 mice, which exhibit characteristics of aging and obesity. The results demonstrated a reduction in mouse weight and epididymal adipose tissue (eAT) mass following injection of T‑MSC CM. Significant increases in adiponectin expression in the eAT, and total and high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin in the circulation were observed in the T‑MSC CM‑injected mice compared with control mice using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis and ELISA. In 3T3‑L1 adipocytes, T‑MSC CM treatment increased adiponectin secretion and multimerization, as detected using western blotting under non‑reducing and non‑heat‑denaturing conditions. Furthermore, glucose oxidase was used to induce oxidative stress in 3T3‑L1 adipocytes and it was observed that T‑MSC CM reduced reactive oxygen species production and the expression of certain oxidative stress markers. In addition, the results also demonstrated that the production of HMW adiponectin was increased, which indicates that T‑MSC CM may enhance adiponectin multimerization via amelioration of oxidative stress. Further studies are required to elucidate anti‑oxidant molecules secreted from T‑MSCs, and these results highlight the potential therapeutic relevance of T‑MSC CM for the treatment of obesity or obesity‑associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hee Kim
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ah Cho
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhwa Park
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Julie A Webster
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - So-Youn Woo
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ha Ryu
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
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10
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de Mayo T, Conget P, Becerra-Bayona S, Sossa CL, Galvis V, Arango-Rodríguez ML. The role of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell derivatives in skin wound healing in diabetic mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177533. [PMID: 28594903 PMCID: PMC5464535 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have shown to be a promising tool in cell therapies to treat different conditions. Several pre-clinical and clinical studies have proved that the transplantation of MSCs improves wound healing. Here, we compare the beneficial effects of mouse bone marrow-derived allogeneic MSCs (allo-mBM-MSCs) and their acelullar derivatives (allo-acd-mMSCs) on skin wound healing in Non-Obese Diabetic (NOD) mice. One dose of allo-mBM-MSCs (1×106 cells) or one dose of allo-acd-mMSCs (1X) were intradermally injected around wounds in 8-10 week old female NOD mice. Wound healing was evaluated macroscopically (wound closure) every two days, and microscopically (reepithelialization, dermoepidermal junction, skin appendage regeneration, leukocyte infiltration, vascularization, granulation tissue formation, and density of collagen fibers in the dermis) after 16 days of MSC injection. In addition, we measured growth factors and specific proteins that were present in the allo-acd-mMSCs. Results showed significant differences in the wound healing kinetics of lesions that received allo-acd-mMSCs compared to lesions that received vehicle or allo-mBM-MSCs. In particular, mice treated with allo-acd-mMSCs reached significantly higher percentages of wound closure at day 4, 6 and 8, relative to the allo-mBM-MSCs and vehicle groups (p < 0.05), while wound closure percentages could not be statistically distinguished between the allo-mBM-MSCs and vehicle groups. Also, allo-acd-mMSCs had a greater influence in the skin would healing process. Specifically, they caused a less pronounced inflammatory severe response (p < 0.0001), more granulation tissue formation at an advanced stage (p < 0.0001), and higher density of collagen fibers (p < 0.05) compared to the other groups. Nevertheless, at day 16, both allo-mBM-MSCs and allo-acd-mMSCs revealed a higher effect on the recovery of the quality skin (continuous epidermis; regular dermoepidermal junction and skin appendages) relative to untreated lesions (p < 0.0001), but not between them. On the other hand, ELISA analyses indicated that the allo-acd-mMSCs contained growth factors and proteins relevant to wound healing such as IGF-1, KGF, HGF, VEGF, ANG-2, MMP-1, CoL-1 and PGE2. Compared to allo-acd-mMSCs, the administration of allo-mBM-MSCs is insufficient for wound healing in diabetic mice and delays the therapeutic effect, which maybe explained by the fact that trophic factors secreted by MSCs are critical for skin regeneration, and not the cells per se, suggesting that MSCs may require some time to secrete these factors after their administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas de Mayo
- School of Medicine Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Lo Barnechea, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paulette Conget
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Lo Barnechea, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Claudia L. Sossa
- Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga (UNAB), Bucaramanga, Colombia
- Production Unity of Advanced Therapy, Fundación Ofalmológica de Santander, Clínica Carlos Ardila Lulle (FOSCAL Internacional), Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Virgilio Galvis
- Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga (UNAB), Bucaramanga, Colombia
- Centro Oftalmológico Virgilio Galvis, Bucaramanga, Colombia
- Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander FOSCAL, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Martha L. Arango-Rodríguez
- Production Unity of Advanced Therapy, Fundación Ofalmológica de Santander, Clínica Carlos Ardila Lulle (FOSCAL Internacional), Bucaramanga, Colombia
- * E-mail:
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Chen L, Xing Q, Zhai Q, Tahtinen M, Zhou F, Chen L, Xu Y, Qi S, Zhao F. Pre-vascularization Enhances Therapeutic Effects of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Sheets in Full Thickness Skin Wound Repair. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:117-131. [PMID: 28042321 PMCID: PMC5196890 DOI: 10.7150/thno.17031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Split thickness skin graft (STSG) implantation is one of the standard therapies for full thickness wound repair when full thickness autologous skin grafts (FTG) or skin flap transplants are inapplicable. Combined transplantation of STSG with dermal substitute could enhance its therapeutic effects but the results remain unsatisfactory due to insufficient blood supply at early stages, which causes graft necrosis and fibrosis. Human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) sheets are capable of accelerating the wound healing process. We hypothesized that pre-vascularized hMSC sheets would further improve regeneration by providing more versatile angiogenic factors and pre-formed microvessels. In this work, in vitro cultured hMSC cell sheets (HCS) and pre-vascularized hMSC cell sheets (PHCS) were implanted in a rat full thickness skin wound model covered with an autologous STSG. Results demonstrated that the HCS and the PHCS implantations significantly reduced skin contraction and improved cosmetic appearance relative to the STSG control group. The PHCS group experienced the least hemorrhage and necrosis, and lowest inflammatory cell infiltration. It also induced the highest neovascularization in early stages, which established a robust blood micro-circulation to support grafts survival and tissue regeneration. Moreover, the PHCS grafts preserved the largest amount of skin appendages, including hair follicles and sebaceous glands, and developed the smallest epidermal thickness. The superior therapeutic effects seen in PHCS groups were attributed to the elevated presence of growth factors and cytokines in the pre-vascularized cell sheet, which exerted a beneficial paracrine signaling during wound repair. Hence, the strategy of combining STSG with PHCS implantation appears to be a promising approach in regenerative treatment of full thickness skin wounds.
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12
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Perea-Gil I, Prat-Vidal C, Bayes-Genis A. In vivo experience with natural scaffolds for myocardial infarction: the times they are a-changin'. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:248. [PMID: 26670389 PMCID: PMC4681026 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0237-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Treating a myocardial infarction (MI), the most frequent cause of death worldwide, remains one of the most exciting medical challenges in the 21st century. Cardiac tissue engineering, a novel emerging treatment, involves the use of therapeutic cells supported by a scaffold for regenerating the infarcted area. It is essential to select the appropriate scaffold material; the ideal one should provide a suitable cellular microenvironment, mimic the native myocardium, and allow mechanical and electrical coupling with host tissues. Among available scaffold materials, natural scaffolds are preferable for achieving these purposes because they possess myocardial extracellular matrix properties and structures. Here, we review several natural scaffolds for applications in MI management, with a focus on pre-clinical studies and clinical trials performed to date. We also evaluate scaffolds combined with different cell types and proteins for their ability to promote improved heart function, contractility and neovascularization, and attenuate adverse ventricular remodeling. Although further refinement is necessary in the coming years, promising results indicate that natural scaffolds may be a valuable translational therapeutic option with clinical impact in MI repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Perea-Gil
- ICREC (Heart Failure and Cardiac Regeneration) Research Lab, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP). Cardiology Service, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Prat-Vidal
- ICREC (Heart Failure and Cardiac Regeneration) Research Lab, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP). Cardiology Service, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Antoni Bayes-Genis
- ICREC (Heart Failure and Cardiac Regeneration) Research Lab, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP). Cardiology Service, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Yang J, Liu XX, Fan H, Tang Q, Shou ZX, Zuo DM, Zou Z, Xu M, Chen QY, Peng Y, Deng SJ, Liu YJ. Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Protect against Experimental Colitis via Attenuating Colon Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140551. [PMID: 26469068 PMCID: PMC4607447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The administration of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) could reverse experimental colitis, and the predominant mechanism in tissue repair seems to be related to their paracrine activity. BMSCs derived extracellular vesicles (BMSC-EVs), including mcirovesicles and exosomes, containing diverse proteins, mRNAs and micro-RNAs, mediating various biological functions, might be a main paracrine mechanism for stem cell to injured cell communication. We aimed to investigate the potential alleviating effects of BMSC-EVs in 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis model. Intravenous injection of BMSC-EVs attenuated the severity of colitis as evidenced by decrease of disease activity index (DAI) and histological colonic damage. In inflammation response, the BMSC-EVs treatment significantly reduced both the mRNA and protein levels of nuclear factor kappaBp65 (NF-κBp65), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), induciblenitric oxidesynthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in injured colon. Additionally, the BMSC-EVs injection resulted in a markedly decrease in interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and an increase in interleukin-10 (IL-10) expression. Therapeutic effect of BMSC-EVs associated with suppression of oxidative perturbations was manifested by a decrease in the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and Malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as an increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH). BMSC-EVs also suppressed the apoptosis via reducing the cleavage of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 in colitis rats. Data obtained indicated that the beneficial effects of BMSC-EVs were due to the down regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines levels, inhibition of NF-κBp65 signal transduction pathways, modulation of anti-oxidant/ oxidant balance, and moderation of the occurrence of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing-Xing Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Heng Fan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Qing Tang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhe-Xing Shou
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong-Mei Zuo
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhou Zou
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian-Yun Chen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuang-Jiao Deng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Jin Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Lee SK, Lee SC, Kim SJ. A novel cell-free strategy for promoting mouse liver regeneration: utilization of a conditioned medium from adipose-derived stem cells. Hepatol Int 2014; 9:310-20. [PMID: 25788187 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-014-9599-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although stem cells have beneficial effects, their clinical application faces many issues, including high cost and safety. Because stem cell plasty is largely based on their paracrine activity, this study aimed to test the hypothesis that utilization of the stem-cell secretome instead of actual cells would not only overcome these limitations, but also have similar effects as stem cell-based therapy. METHODS Partial hepatectomized mice were divided into four groups according to the material administered via the tail vein: normal saline (saline group); 1.0 × 10(6) human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) in 0.1 mL saline (ASC group); 25-fold concentrated conditioned medium from ASCs (ASC-secretome group); and concentrated medium (media group). Specimens were obtained postoperatively. Liver regeneration was estimated by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation, Lgr5 RT-PCR, proliferating cell nuclear antigen western blot, and liver weights, and liver function was estimated by albumin immunohistochemistry and liver function tests. RESULTS The liver regenerative capacities of the ASC and ASC-secretome groups were not statistically different from each other, but were higher than their respective control groups. Moreover, the ASC and ASC-secretome groups promoted the phosphorylation of Akt, STAT3, and Erk1/2, and expressed higher levels of mouse albumin in immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSION ASCs and ASC-secretome infusions to the partially hepatectomized mice produced similar outcomes in terms of liver regeneration and mouse albumin expression. Therefore, cell-free therapy, which is based on the paracrine properties of stem cells, is expected to overcome the limitations of cell-based methods and to provide a novel treatment for liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Kuon Lee
- Department of Surgery, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daeheung-dong 520-2, Joong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea,
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15
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Chen L, Xu Y, Zhao J, Zhang Z, Yang R, Xie J, Liu X, Qi S. Conditioned medium from hypoxic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells enhances wound healing in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96161. [PMID: 24781370 PMCID: PMC4004560 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) enhance wound repair via paracrine. Because the extent of environmental oxygenation affects the innate characteristics of BM-MSCs, including their stemness and migration capacity, the current study set out to elucidate and compare the impact of normoxic and hypoxic cell-culture conditions on the expression and secretion of BM-MSC-derived paracrine molecules (e.g., cytokines, growth factors and chemokines) that hypothetically contribute to cutaneous wound healing in vivo. Semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analyses of normoxic and hypoxic BM-MSCs and their conditioned medium fractions showed that the stem cells expressed and secreted significantly higher amounts of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF),vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 8 (IL-8) under hypoxic conditions. Moreover, hypoxic BM-MSC-derived conditioned medium (hypoCM) vs. normoxic BM-MSC-derived conditioned medium (norCM) or vehicle control medium significantly enhanced the proliferation of keratinocytes, fibroblasts and endothelial cells, the migration of keratinocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells and monocytes, and the formation of tubular structures by endothelial cells cultured on Matrigel matrix. Consistent with these in vitro results, skin wound contraction was significantly accelerated in Balb/c nude mice treated with topical hypoCM relative to norCM or the vehicle control. Notably increased in vivo cell proliferation, neovascularization as well as recruitment of inflammatory macrophages and evidently decreased collagen I, and collagen III were also found in the hypoCM-treated group. These findings suggest that BM-MSCs promote murine skin wound healing via hypoxia-enhanced paracrine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Burns Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yingbin Xu
- Department of Burns Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jingling Zhao
- Department of Burns Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoqiang Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R.China
| | - Ronghua Yang
- Department of Burns Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Julin Xie
- Department of Burns Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xusheng Liu
- Department of Burns Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Shaohai Qi
- Department of Burns Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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16
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Singla DK, Abdelli LS. Embryonic Stem Cells and Released Factors Stimulate c-kit(+)/FLK-1(+) Progenitor Cells and Promote Neovascularization in Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiomyopathy. Cell Transplant 2014; 24:1043-52. [PMID: 24593859 DOI: 10.3727/096368914x679219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular apoptosis plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of a myriad of cardiac dysfunctions, but has yet to be investigated in doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy (DIC). Additionally, the neovascularization potential and resulting functional consequences of embryonic stem (ES) cells and factors released from these cells in the chronic DIC myocardium remain largely unknown. To this end, we transplanted conditioned media (CM) and ES cells in the DIC-injured heart and evaluated their potential to inhibit vascular cell death, activate endogenous c-kit(+) and FLK-1(+) cells, enhance neovascularization, and augment left ventricular dysfunction. Data presented suggest transplanted CM and ES cells significantly blunt vascular cell apoptosis consequent to DIC. Quantitative immunohistochemistry data demonstrate significantly increased c-kit(+) and FLK-1(+) cells, as well as enhanced differentiated CD31(+) cells in the CM and ES cell groups relative to DIC controls. Heart function, including fractional shortening and ejection fraction, assessed by transthoracic echocardiography, was significantly improved following CM and ES cell transplantation. In conclusion, our data suggest that transplantation of CM and ES cells inhibit vascular apoptosis, activate endogenous c-kit(+) and FLK-1(+) cells and differentiate them into endothelial cells, enhance neovascularization, and improve cardiac function in the DIC-injured myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinender K Singla
- Biomolecular Science Center, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
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17
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Lee SM, Lee SC, Kim SJ. Contribution of human adipose tissue-derived stem cells and the secretome to the skin allograft survival in mice. J Surg Res 2014; 188:280-9. [PMID: 24560349 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite considerable evidence showing the immunosuppressive properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vitro, such properties have not been fully demonstrated in vivo. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of MSCs and/or MSC secretome in inducing tolerance in a mouse skin transplantation model. METHODS After receiving full-thickness skin allotransplantation on the back of the mouse, the recipient mice were infused with phosphate-buffered saline, adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs), conditioned media (CM), and control media. Specifically, ASCs (1.0 × 10(6)/0.1 mL) were transplanted to ASC-infused mice and 25-fold concentrated CM, which had been obtained from ASC culture were infused to CM-infused mice. Graft survival rates and the parameters reflecting immunologic consequences were assessed. RESULTS The serum level of proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 6 decreased in mice treated with ASCs or CM compared with the control groups after infusion (P < 0.05). Interferon gamma, interleukin 10, and tumor necrosis factor alpha messenger RNA levels in the skin graft seemed to be decreased in the ASC-infused mice and CM-infused mice. Hyporesponsiveness was identified in mixed lymphocyte reaction assay at 30-d posttransplantation in ASC- or CM-infused mice. And, administering ASCs and CM markedly increased skin allograft survival compared with control animals (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that ASCs and their secretome have the potential to induce immunologic tolerance. Moreover, our results demonstrate that the immunosuppressive properties of ASCs are mediated by the ASC secretome. Our approach could provide insights into a promising strategy to avoid toxicities of chemical immunosuppressive regimen in solid organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Mook Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Chul Lee
- Department of Surgery, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Say-June Kim
- Department of Surgery, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Hamdi H, Planat-Benard V, Bel A, Neamatalla H, Saccenti L, Calderon D, Bellamy V, Bon M, Perrier MC, Mandet C, Bruneval P, Casteilla L, Hagège AA, Pucéat M, Agbulut O, Menasché P. Long-Term Functional Benefits of Epicardial Patches as Cell Carriers. Cell Transplant 2014; 23:87-96. [DOI: 10.3727/096368912x658836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Both enzymatic dissociation of cells prior to needle-based injections and poor vascularization of myocardial infarct areas are two important contributors to cell death and impede the efficacy of cardiac cell therapy. Because these limitations could be overcome by scaffolds ensuring cell cohesiveness and codelivery of angiogenic cells, we used a chronic rat model of myocardial infarction to assess the long-term (6 months) effects of the epicardial delivery of a composite collagen-based patch harboring both cardiomyogenesis-targeted human embryonic SSEA-1+ (stem cell-derived stage-specific embryonic antigen-1 positive) cardiovascular progenitors and autologous (rat) adipose tissue-derived angiogenesis-targeted stromal cells ( n = 27). Cell-free patches served as controls ( n = 28). Serial follow-up echocardiographic measurements of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) showed that the composite patch group yielded a significantly better preservation of left ventricular function that was sustained over time as compared with controls, and this pattern persisted when the assessment was restricted to the subgroup of rats with initial LVEFs below 50%. The composite patch group was also associated with significantly less fibrosis and more vessels in the infarct area. However, although human progenitors expressing cardiac markers were present in the patches before implantation, none of them could be subsequently identified in the grafted tissue. These data confirm the efficacy of epicardial scaffolds as cell carriers for ensuring long-term functional benefits and suggest that these effects are likely related to paracrine effects and call for optimizing cross-talks between codelivered cell populations to achieve the ultimate goal of myocardial regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadhami Hamdi
- INSERM U633, Laboratory of Biosurgical Research, Paris, France
| | | | - Alain Bel
- INSERM U633, Laboratory of Biosurgical Research, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery; University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Hany Neamatalla
- INSERM U633, Laboratory of Biosurgical Research, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery; University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Valérie Bellamy
- INSERM U633, Laboratory of Biosurgical Research, Paris, France
| | - Martin Bon
- INSERM U633, Laboratory of Biosurgical Research, Paris, France
| | | | - Chantal Mandet
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery; University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Bruneval
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery; University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Louis Casteilla
- UMR 5273 UPS, CNRS, EFS, Inserm U1031, STROMALab, Toulouse, France
| | - Albert A. Hagège
- INSERM U633, Laboratory of Biosurgical Research, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery; University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Michel Pucéat
- INSERM U633, Laboratory of Biosurgical Research, Paris, France
| | - Onnik Agbulut
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS EAC4413, Unit of Functional and Adaptive Biology, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Menasché
- INSERM U633, Laboratory of Biosurgical Research, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery; University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Baglio SR, Pegtel DM, Baldini N. Mesenchymal stem cell secreted vesicles provide novel opportunities in (stem) cell-free therapy. Front Physiol 2012; 3:359. [PMID: 22973239 PMCID: PMC3434369 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 384] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult multipotent cells that give rise to various cell types of the mesodermal germ layer. MSCs are of great interest in the field of regenerative medicine and cancer therapy because of their unique ability to home to damaged and cancerous tissue. These cells also regulate the immune response and contribute to reparative processes in different pathological conditions, including musculoskeletal and cardiovascular diseases. The use of MSCs for tissue repair was initially based on the hypothesis that these cells home to and differentiate within the injured tissue into specialized cells. However, it now appears that only a small proportion of transplanted MSCs actually integrate and survive in host tissues. Thus, the predominant mechanism by which MSCs participate in tissue repair seems to be related to their paracrine activity. Indeed, MSCs provide the microenvironment with a multitude of trophic and survival signals including growth factors and cytokines. Recent discoveries suggest that lipid microvesicles released by MSCs may also be important in the physiological function of these cells. Over the past few years the biological relevance of micro- and nano-vesicles released by cells in intercellular communication has been established. Alongside the conventional mediators of cell secretome, these sophisticated nanovesicles transfer proteins, lipids and, most importantly, various forms of RNAs to neighboring cells, thereby mediating a variety of biological responses. The physiological role of MSC-derived vesicles (MSC-MVs) is currently not well understood. Nevertheless, encouraging results indicate that MSC-MVs have similar protective and reparative properties as their cellular counterparts in tissue repair and possibly anti-cancer therapy. Thus, MSC-MVs represent a promising opportunity to develop novel cell-free therapy approaches that might overcome the obstacles and risks associated with the use of native or engineered stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Rubina Baglio
- Laboratory for Orthopaedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli Bologna, Italy
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20
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Singla DK, Ahmed A, Singla R, Yan B. Embryonic stem cells improve cardiac function in Doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy mediated through multiple mechanisms. Cell Transplant 2012; 21:1919-30. [PMID: 22449713 DOI: 10.3727/096368911x627552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an effective antineoplastic agent used for the treatment of a variety of cancers. Unfortunately, its use is limited as this drug induces cardiotoxicity and heart failure as a side effect. There is no report that describes whether transplanted embryonic stem (ES) cells or their conditioned medium (CM) in DOX-induced cardiomyopathy (DIC) can repair and regenerate myocardium. Therefore, we transplanted ES cells or CM in DIC to examine apoptosis, fibrosis, cytoplasmic vacuolization, and myofibrillar loss and their associated Akt and ERK pathway. Moreover, we also determined activation of endogenous c-kit(+ve) cardiac stem cells (CSCs), levels of HGF and IGF-1, growth factors required for c-kit cell activation, and their differentiation into cardiac myocytes, which also contributes in cardiac regeneration and improved heart function. We generated DIC in C57Bl/6 mice (cumulative dose of DOX 12 mg/kg body weight, IP), and animals were treated with ES cells, CM, or cell culture medium in controls. Two weeks post-DIC, ES cells or CM transplanted hearts showed a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in cardiac apoptotic nuclei and their regulation with Akt and ERK pathway. Cardiac fibrosis observed in the ES cell or CM groups was significantly less compared with DOX and cell culture medium groups (p < 0.05). Next, cytoplasmic vacuolization and myofibrillar loss was reduced (p < 0.05) following treatment with ES cells or CM. Moreover, our data also demonstrated increased levels of c-kit(+ve) CSCs in ES cells or CM hearts and differentiated cardiac myocytes from these CSCs, suggesting endogenous cardiac regeneration. Importantly, the levels of HFG and IGF-1 were significantly increased in ES cells or CM transplanted hearts. In conclusion, we reported that transplanted ES cells or CM in DIC hearts significantly decreases various adverse pathological mechanisms as well as enhances cardiac regeneration that effectively contributes to improved heart function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinender K Singla
- Biomolecular Science Center, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
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21
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Liu TCK, Ismail S, Brennan O, Hastings C, Duffy GP. Encapsulation of cardiac stem cells in superoxide dismutase-loaded alginate prevents doxorubicin-mediated toxicity. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2011; 7:302-11. [PMID: 22213742 DOI: 10.1002/term.523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Revised: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Anthracyclines are powerful drugs available for the treatment of neoplastic diseases. Unfortunately, these chemotherapy agents cause cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure. Doxorubicin (DOX) is a widely used anthracycline and evidence indicates that DOX-induced cardiotoxicity can be viewed as a stem cell disease, whereby the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by DOX is seen to predominantly hinder cardiac stem cell (CSC) regenerative capability. Acute, early-onset and late-onset cardiotoxicity have been described and this may be reversible by the local administration of CSCs, which regenerate myocardial tissue and rescue the failing heart. CSCs are, however, particularly sensitive to oxidative stress and die rapidly by apoptosis in such adverse conditions. Therefore, this study aims to enhance CSC survival by encapsulation in an alginate hydrogel formulation containing superoxide dismutase (SOD), a reactive oxygen species scavenger. Cell survival was qualitatively and quantitatively assessed by fluorescent microscopy and assays measuring metabolic activity, cell viability, cytotoxicity and apoptosis. CSCs were cultured in DOX-conditioned cell culture medium and displayed reduced live cell numbers as well as high levels of apoptosis. Encapsulation of CSCs in alginate alone failed to prevent apoptosis. Encapsulation in SOD-loaded alginate reduced apoptosis to near-normal levels, whilst metabolic activity was returned to baseline. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that encapsulation of CSCs in SOD-loaded alginate hydrogel enhances CSC survival in the presence of DOX, raising the possibility of its application as a novel therapy for the treatment of acute and early onset DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Chu Ken Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
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22
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Kurazumi H, Kubo M, Ohshima M, Yamamoto Y, Takemoto Y, Suzuki R, Ikenaga S, Mikamo A, Udo K, Hamano K, Li TS. The effects of mechanical stress on the growth, differentiation, and paracrine factor production of cardiac stem cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28890. [PMID: 22216136 PMCID: PMC3247223 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapies have been clinically employed to repair the injured heart, and cardiac stem cells are thought to be one of the most potent stem cell candidates. The beating heart is characterized by dynamic mechanical stresses, which may have a significant impact on stem cell therapy. The purpose of this study is to investigate how mechanical stress affects the growth and differentiation of cardiac stem cells and their release of paracrine factors. In this study, human cardiac stem cells were seeded in a silicon chamber and mechanical stress was then induced by cyclic stretch stimulation (60 cycles/min with 120% elongation). Cells grown in non-stretched silicon chambers were used as controls. Our result revealed that mechanical stretching significantly reduced the total number of surviving cells, decreased Ki-67-positive cells, and increased TUNEL-positive cells in the stretched group 24 hrs after stretching, as compared to the control group. Interestingly, mechanical stretching significantly increased the release of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-1β as well as the angiogenic growth factors VEGF and bFGF from the cells in 12 hrs. Furthermore, mechanical stretching significantly reduced the percentage of c-kit-positive stem cells, but increased the expressions of cardiac troponin-I and smooth muscle actin in cells 3 days after stretching. Using a traditional stretching model, we demonstrated that mechanical stress suppressed the growth and proliferation of cardiac stem cells, enhanced their release of inflammatory cytokines and angiogenic factors, and improved their myogenic differentiation. The development of this in vitro approach may help elucidate the complex mechanisms of stem cell therapy for heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kurazumi
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kubo
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Mako Ohshima
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Yumi Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Takemoto
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Ryo Suzuki
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Shigeru Ikenaga
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Akihito Mikamo
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Koichi Udo
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Education, Yamaguchi University Science Research Center, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Kimikazu Hamano
- Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Tao-Sheng Li
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Nagasaki, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Tian H, Huang ML, Liu KY, Jia ZB, Sun L, Jiang SL, Liu W, McDonald Kinkaid HY, Wu J, Li RK. Inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase by cell-based timp-3 gene transfer effectively treats acute and chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy. Cell Transplant 2011; 21:1039-53. [PMID: 21944319 DOI: 10.3727/096368911x601000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
After a myocardial infarction (MI), an increase in the cardiac ratio of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) relative to their inhibitors (TIMPs) causes extracellular matrix modulation that leads to ventricular dilatation and congestive heart failure. Cell therapy can mitigate these effects. In this study, we tested whether increasing MMP inhibition via cell-based gene transfer of Timp-3 further preserved ventricular morphometry and cardiac function in a rat model of MI. We also measured the effect of treatment timing. We generated MI (coronary artery ligation) in adult rats. Three or 14 days later, we implanted medium (control) or vascular smooth muscle cells transfected with empty vector (VSMCs) or Timp-3 (C-TIMP-3) into the peri-infarct region (n = 15-24/group). We assessed MMP-2 and -9 expression and activity, TIMP-3, and TNF-α expression, cell apoptosis, infarct size and thickness, ventricular morphometry, and cardiac function (by echocardiography). Relative to medium, VSMCs delivered at either time point significantly reduced cardiac expression and activity of MMP-2 and -9, reduced expression of TNF-α, and increased expression of TIMP-3. Cell therapy also reduced apoptosis and scar area, increased infarct thickness, preserved ventricular structure, and reduced functional loss. All these effects were augmented by C-TIMP-3 treatment. Survival and cardiac function were significantly greater when VSMCs or C-TIMP-3 were delivered at 3 (vs. 14) days after MI. Upregulating post-MI cardiac TIMP-3 expression via cell-based gene therapy contributed additional regulation of MMP, TIMP, and TNF-α levels, thereby boosting the structural and functional effects of VSMCs transplanted at 3 or 14 days after an MI in rats. Early treatment may be superior to late, though both are effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Tian
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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Mouquet F, Lemesle G, Delhaye C, Charbonnel C, Ung A, Corseaux D, Fabre O, Juthier F, Marchetti P, Neviere R, Van Belle E, Jude B, Susen S. The Presence of Apoptotic Bone Marrow Cells Impairs the Efficacy of Cardiac Cell Therapy. Cell Transplant 2011; 20:1087-97. [DOI: 10.3727/096368910x544924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Injection of autologous bone marrow cells into infarcted myocardium has been proposed to limit the deterioration of cardiac function following myocardial infarction (MI); unfortunately, the beneficial effects observed have been modest. One of the limiting factors is believed to be poor local survival of the injected cells, but the potential impact of apoptosis among the injected cells has yet to be assessed. Therefore, this study aimed to quantify the apoptosis rate in bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) prepared for cardiac therapy, and to analyze their effects in vitro on cardiomyoblast apoptosis and in vivo on cardiac function recovery following MI. Using rabbit BMMCs prepared by Ficoll gradient, apoptotic cells were detected via Annexin V (AnV) staining. The effects of depleting the apoptotic cell population by means of AnV magnetic beads was tested in vitro after coculture with cardiomyoblasts (H9c2 cells) and in vivo after cell injection into the infarcted area. Left ventricular ejection fraction and scar extent were assessed by echography and histology 2 months later. After Ficoll gradient isolation, 37.3% (33.4–37.9%) of BMMCs were found to be apoptotic (ApoBase BMMCs). AnV depletion decreased the proportion of apoptotic cells to 20% (17.6–32%) (ApoLow BMMCs). Rabbits treated in vivo with ApoLow BMMCs after MI presented with significantly improved left ventricular ejection fraction [41.4% (41.0–43.6%) vs. 34.6% (34.6–35.9%), p = 0.03), reduced scar extent [20.4% (17.9–24.3%) vs. 25.6% (17.9–27.9%), p = 0.057], and reduced rate of cardiomyocyte apoptosis compared to those treated with ApoBase BMMCs. H9c2 apoptosis was found to be higher after coculture with ApoBase than with ApoLow BMMCs [25.6% (22.6–29.6%) vs. 10.1% (6.6–12.6%), p = 0.03], a result partially reproduced by cocultures with microparticle-rich supernatants from BMMCs. The presence of apoptotic cells among BMMCs impairs the efficacy of cardiac cell therapy after MI, an effect possibly mediated by apoptotic microparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Mouquet
- Université Lille Nord de France, EA 2693, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Pôle de Cardiologie, Lille, France
| | - Gilles Lemesle
- Université Lille Nord de France, EA 2693, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Pôle de Cardiologie, Lille, France
| | - Cedric Delhaye
- Université Lille Nord de France, EA 2693, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Pôle de Cardiologie, Lille, France
| | - Clement Charbonnel
- Université Lille Nord de France, EA 2693, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Pôle de Cardiologie, Lille, France
| | - Alexandre Ung
- Université Lille Nord de France, EA 2693, Lille, France
- Pôle d'Hématologie-Transfusion, Lille, France
| | - Delphine Corseaux
- Université Lille Nord de France, EA 2693, Lille, France
- Pôle d'Hématologie-Transfusion, Lille, France
| | - Olivier Fabre
- Université Lille Nord de France, EA 2693, Lille, France
- Póle de Chirurgie Cardiovasculaire, Lille, France
| | - Francis Juthier
- Université Lille Nord de France, EA 2693, Lille, France
- Póle de Chirurgie Cardiovasculaire, Lille, France
| | | | - Remi Neviere
- Université Lille Nord de France, EA 2693, Lille, France
- Université Lille Norde de France, EA 44842, Lille, France
| | - Eric Van Belle
- Université Lille Nord de France, EA 2693, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Pôle de Cardiologie, Lille, France
| | - Brigitte Jude
- Université Lille Nord de France, EA 2693, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Pôle de Cardiologie, Lille, France
| | - Sophie Susen
- Université Lille Nord de France, EA 2693, Lille, France
- Póle de Chirurgie Cardiovasculaire, Lille, France
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25
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Ayala-Lugo A, Tavares AMV, Paz AHR, Alegretti A, Miquelito L, Bock H, Giugliani R, Clausell N, Cirne-Lima E, Rohde LE. Age-Dependent Availability and Functionality of Bone Marrow Stem Cells in an Experimental Model of Acute and Chronic Myocardial Infarction. Cell Transplant 2011; 20:407-19. [DOI: 10.3727/096368909x519283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aging and timing of left ventricular ischemic injury on the availability and functionality of stem cells. We studied young and aged male inbred Lewis rats that were used as donors of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs), divided in four experimental groups: controls, sham operated, 48 h post-myocardial infarction (MI), and 28 days post-MI. In vitro studies included flow cytometry analysis, hematopoietic colony-forming capacity, and invasion assays of migration capacity. BM-MNCs from these groups were transplanted in female rats after MI induction. Late engraftment was evaluated by real-time PCR of the SRY chromosome. Percentage of CD34+/CD45+low cells was similar among different experimental groups in young rats, but was significantly higher in aged animals ( p < 0.001), particularly 28 days post-MI. KDR+/CD34+ cells were increased 48 h after MI and decreased 28 days post-MI in young animals, while they were profoundly reduced in the aged group ( p < 0.001). Triple staining for CD44+/CD29+/CD71+ cells was similar in different groups of aged rats, but we observed an intense increase 48 h post-MI in young animals. Colony-forming units and cytokine-induced migration were significantly attenuated 28 days after the MI. Late engraftment in infarcted transplanted female hearts was present, but considerably heterogeneous. Finally, recovery of left ventricular systolic function in transplanted female recipients was significantly influenced by donors' BM-MNCs groups ( p < 0.01). We have demonstrated that aging and timing of myocardial injury are factors that may act synergistically in determining stem cell availability and function. Such interaction should be considered when planning new cell therapy strategies for acute and chronic ischemic heart disease in the clinical arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ayala-Lugo
- Embriology and Cell Differentiation Laboratory, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Angela M. V. Tavares
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory, Physiology Departament, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ana H. R. Paz
- Embriology and Cell Differentiation Laboratory, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ana Alegretti
- Embriology and Cell Differentiation Laboratory, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ludmila Miquelito
- Embriology and Cell Differentiation Laboratory, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Hugo Bock
- Post-Graduate Program of Biologic Sciences: Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Roberto Giugliani
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program of Biologic Sciences: Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Biosciences Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Nadine Clausell
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Medical School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Cirne-Lima
- Embriology and Cell Differentiation Laboratory, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Veterinary School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luis E. Rohde
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Medical School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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26
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Eve DJ, Fillmore RW, Borlongan CV, Sanberg PR. Stem cell research in cell transplantation: sources, geopolitical influence, and transplantation. Cell Transplant 2010; 19:1493-509. [PMID: 21054954 DOI: 10.3727/096368910x540612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
If the rapidly progressing field of stem cell research reaches its full potential, successful treatments and enhanced understanding of many diseases are the likely results. However, the full potential of stem cell science will only be reached if all possible avenues can be explored and on a worldwide scale. Until 2009, the US had a highly restrictive policy on obtaining cells from human embryos and fetal tissue, a policy that pushed research toward the use of adult-derived cells. Currently, US policy is still in flux, and retrospective analysis does show the US lagging behind the rest of the world in the proportional increase in embryonic/fetal stem cell research. The majority of US studies being on either a limited number of cell lines, or on cells derived elsewhere (or funded by other sources than Federal) rather than on freshly isolated embryonic or fetal material. Neural, mesenchymal, and the mixed stem cell mononuclear fraction are the most commonly investigated types, which can generally be classified as adult-derived stem cells, although roughly half of the neural stem cells are fetal derived. Other types, such as embryonic and fat-derived stem cells, are increasing in their prominence, suggesting that new types of stem cells are still being pursued. Sixty percent of the reported stem cell studies involved transplantation, of which over three quarters were allogeneic transplants. A high proportion of the cardiovascular systems articles were on allogeneic transplants in a number of different species, including several autologous studies. A number of pharmaceutical grade stem cell products have also recently been tested and reported on. Stem cell research shows considerable promise for the treatment of a number of disorders, some of which have entered clinical trials; over the next few years it will be interesting to see how these treatments progress in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Eve
- Center of Excellence for Aging & Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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27
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Fiorina P, Pietramaggiori G, Scherer SS, Jurewicz M, Mathews JC, Vergani A, Thomas G, Orsenigo E, Staudacher C, La Rosa S, Capella C, Carothers A, Zerwes HG, Luzi L, Abdi R, Orgill DP. The Mobilization and Effect of Endogenous Bone Marrow Progenitor Cells in Diabetic Wound Healing. Cell Transplant 2010; 19:1369-81. [DOI: 10.3727/096368910x514288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic patients suffer from impaired wound healing, characterized by only modest angiogenesis and cell proliferation. Stem cells may stimulate healing, but little is known about the kinetics of mobilization and function of bone marrow progenitor cells (BM-PCs) during diabetic wound repair. The objective of this study was to investigate the kinetics of BM-PC mobilization and their role during early diabetic wound repair in diabetic db/db mice. After wounding, circulating hematopoietic stem cells (Lin-c-Kit+Sca-1+) stably increased in the periphery and lymphoid tissue of db/db mice compared to unwounded controls. Peripheral endothelial progenitor cells (CD34+VEGFR+) were 2.5- and 3.5-fold increased on days 6 and 10 after wounding, respectively. Targeting the CXCR4—CXCL12 axis induced an increased release and engraftment of endogenous BM-PCs that was paralleled by an increased expression of CXCL12/SDF-1α in the wounds. Increased levels of peripheral and engrafted BM-PCs corresponded to stimulated angiogenesis and cell proliferation, while the addition of an agonist (GM-CSF) or an antagonist (ACK2) did not further modulate wound healing. Macroscopic histological correlations showed that increased levels of stem cells corresponded to higher levels of wound reepithelialization. After wounding, a natural release of endogenous BM-PCs was shown in diabetic mice, but only low levels of these cells homed in the healing tissue. Higher levels of CXCL12/SDF-1α and circulating stem cells were required to enhance their engraftment and biological effects. Despite controversial data about the functional impairment of diabetic BM-PCs, in this model our data showed a residual capacity of these cells to trigger angiogenesis and cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Fiorina
- Transplantation Research Center, Division of Nephrology, Children's Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine & Surgery, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Pietramaggiori
- Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Saja S. Scherer
- Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mollie Jurewicz
- Transplantation Research Center, Division of Nephrology, Children's Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jasmine C. Mathews
- Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrea Vergani
- Transplantation Research Center, Division of Nephrology, Children's Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine & Surgery, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Gebhard Thomas
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation and Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elena Orsenigo
- Department of Medicine & Surgery, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Staudacher
- Department of Medicine & Surgery, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano La Rosa
- Department of Pathology, Ospedale di Circolo and Department of Human Morphology, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Carlo Capella
- Department of Pathology, Ospedale di Circolo and Department of Human Morphology, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Adelaide Carothers
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hans-Gunter Zerwes
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation and Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Livio Luzi
- Facolta di Scienze Motorie, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Reza Abdi
- Transplantation Research Center, Division of Nephrology, Children's Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dennis P. Orgill
- Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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28
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Pozzobon M, Bollini S, Iop L, De Gaspari P, Chiavegato A, Rossi CA, Giuliani S, Leon FF, Elvassore N, Sartore S, De Coppi P. Human Bone Marrow-Derived CD133+ Cells Delivered to a Collagen Patch on Cryoinjured Rat Heart Promote Angiogenesis and Arteriogenesis. Cell Transplant 2010; 19:1247-60. [DOI: 10.3727/096368910x505864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplanting hematopoietic and peripheral blood-derived stem/progenitor cells can have beneficial effects in slowing the effects of heart failure. We investigated whether human bone marrow CD133+-derived cells (BM-CD133+ cells) might be used for cell therapy of heart injury in combination with tissue engineering. We examined these cells for: 1) their in vitro capacity to be converted into cardiomyocytes (CMs), and 2) their potential for in vivo differentiation when delivered to a tissue-engineered type I collagen patch placed on injured hearts (group II). To ensure a microvascular network ready for use by the transplanted cells, cardiac injury and patching were scheduled 2 weeks before cell injection. The cardiovascular potential of the BM-CD133+ cells was compared with that of a direct injection (group I) of the same cells in heart tissue damaged according to the same schedule as for group II. While a small fraction (2 ± 0.5%) of BM-CD133+cells cocultured with rat CMs switched in vitro to a CM-like cell phenotype, in vivo—and in both groups of nude rats transplanted with BM-CD133+—there was no evidence of any CM differentiation (as detected by cardiac troponin I expression), but there were signs instead of new capillaries and small arterioles. While capillaries prevailed over arterioles in group II, the opposite occurred in group I. The transplanted cells further contributed to the formation of new microvessels induced by the patch (group II) but the number of vessels did not appear superior to the one developed after directly injecting the BM-CD133+cells into the injured heart. Although chimeric human–rat microvessels were consistently found in the hearts of both groups I and II, they represented a minority (1.5–2.3%) compared with those of rat origin. Smooth muscle myosin isoform expression suggested that the arterioles achieved complete differentiation irrespective of the presence or absence of the collagen patch. These findings suggest that: 1) BM-CD133+ cells display a limited propensity for in vitro conversion to CMs; 2) the preliminarily vascularized bioscaffold did not confer a selective homing and differentiation advantage for the phenotypic conversion of BM-CD133+ cells into CMs; and 3) combined patching and cell transplantation is suitable for angiogenesis and arteriogenesis, but it does not produce better results, in terms of endothelial and smooth muscle cell differentiation, than the “traditional” method of cell injection into the myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Pozzobon
- Stem Cell Processing Laboratory, Cord Blood Bank, Department of Pediatric Oncohematology and Stem Cell Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - S. Bollini
- Stem Cell Processing Laboratory, Cord Blood Bank, Department of Pediatric Oncohematology and Stem Cell Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - L. Iop
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - P. De Gaspari
- Stem Cell Processing Laboratory, Cord Blood Bank, Department of Pediatric Oncohematology and Stem Cell Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - A. Chiavegato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - C. A. Rossi
- Stem Cell Processing Laboratory, Cord Blood Bank, Department of Pediatric Oncohematology and Stem Cell Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - S. Giuliani
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - F. Fascetti Leon
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - N. Elvassore
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - S. Sartore
- Stem Cell Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - P. De Coppi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Surgery Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
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Das R, Jahr H, van Osch GJVM, Farrell E. The role of hypoxia in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells: considerations for regenerative medicine approaches. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2010; 16:159-68. [PMID: 19698058 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2009.0296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have demonstrated potential for regenerative medicine strategies. Knowledge of the way these cells respond to their environment in in vitro culture and after implantation in vivo is crucial for successful therapy. Oxygen tension plays a pivotal role in both situations. In vivo, a hypoxic environment can lead to apoptosis, but hypoxic preconditioning of MSCs and overexpression of prosurvival genes like Akt can reduce hypoxia-induced cell death. In cell culture, hypoxia can increase proliferation rates and enhance differentiation along the different mesenchymal lineages. Hypoxia also modulates the paracrine activity of MSCs, causing upregulation of various secretable factors, among which are important angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin-6 (IL6). Finally, hypoxia plays an important role in mobilization and homing of MSCs, primarily by its ability to induce stromal cell-derived factor-1 expression along with its receptor CXCR4. This article reviews the current literature on the effects of hypoxia on MSCs and aims to elucidate its potential role in regenerative medicine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruud Das
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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30
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Ichim TE, Solano F, Lara F, Rodriguez JP, Cristea O, Minev B, Ramos F, Woods EJ, Murphy MP, Alexandrescu DT, Patel AN, Riordan NH. Combination stem cell therapy for heart failure. Int Arch Med 2010; 3:5. [PMID: 20398245 PMCID: PMC3003238 DOI: 10.1186/1755-7682-3-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Accepted: 04/14/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) that are not eligible for transplantation have limited therapeutic options. Stem cell therapy such as autologous bone marrow, mobilized peripheral blood, or purified cells thereof has been used clinically since 2001. To date over 1000 patients have received cellular therapy as part of randomized trials, with the general consensus being that a moderate but statistically significant benefit occurs. Therefore, one of the important next steps in the field is optimization. In this paper we discuss three ways to approach this issue: a) increasing stem cell migration to the heart; b) augmenting stem cell activity; and c) combining existing stem cell therapies to recapitulate a "therapeutic niche". We conclude by describing a case report of a heart failure patient treated with a combination stem cell protocol in an attempt to augment beneficial aspects of cord blood CD34 cells and mesenchymal-like stem cells.
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