1
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Miyagawa A, Harada M, Okada T. Zeptomole Biosensing of DNA with Flexible Selectivity Based on Acoustic Levitation of a Single Microsphere Binding Gold Nanoparticles by Hybridization. ACS Sens 2018; 3:1870-1875. [PMID: 30152225 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b00748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel scheme for DNA sensing at the zeptomole level is presented, based on the levitation of a single microsphere in a combined acoustic-gravitational (CAG) field. The levitation of a microsphere in the field is predominantly determined by its density. Capture and reporter probe DNAs are anchored on poly(methyl methacrylate) microsphere (PMMA) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), respectively, and a target DNA induces the binding of AuNPs on PMMA. This interparticle sandwich DNA-hybridization induces density increase in PMMA, which is detected as a shift in the levitation coordinate in the CAG field. The reporter DNAs are designed based on base-pair (bp) number selectivity, which is evaluated using direct interparticle hybridization between DNA-bound PMMA and complementary DNA-anchored AuNPs. Interestingly, the bp-number selectivity can be enlarged by lowering the reactant concentrations. Thus, the threshold bp, at which no density change is detected, can be adjusted by controlling the reactant concentrations. This strategy is extended to the sensing of HIV-2 DNA and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection of the KRAS gene by sandwich hybridization. In SNP detection, the present method selectively distinguishes wild-type DNA from mutant DNA differing by one nucleotide in the 21-nucleotide sequence by optimizing the lengths of probe DNAs and particle concentrations. This approach allows the detection of 1000 DNA molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihisa Miyagawa
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Makoto Harada
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Okada
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
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2
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Ahrberg AB, Horstmeier C, Berner D, Brehm W, Gittel C, Hillmann A, Josten C, Rossi G, Schubert S, Winter K, Burk J. Effects of mesenchymal stromal cells versus serum on tendon healing in a controlled experimental trial in an equine model. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2018; 19:230. [PMID: 30021608 PMCID: PMC6052633 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-018-2163-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have shown promising results in the treatment of tendinopathy in equine medicine, making this therapeutic approach seem favorable for translation to human medicine. Having demonstrated that MSC engraft within the tendon lesions after local injection in an equine model, we hypothesized that they would improve tendon healing superior to serum injection alone. METHODS Quadrilateral tendon lesions were induced in six horses by mechanical tissue disruption combined with collagenase application 3 weeks before treatment. Adipose-derived MSC suspended in serum or serum alone were then injected intralesionally. Clinical examinations, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging were performed over 24 weeks. Tendon biopsies for histological assessment were taken from the hindlimbs 3 weeks after treatment. Horses were sacrificed after 24 weeks and forelimb tendons were subjected to macroscopic and histological examination as well as analysis of musculoskeletal marker expression. RESULTS Tendons injected with MSC showed a transient increase in inflammation and lesion size, as indicated by clinical and imaging parameters between week 3 and 6 (p < 0.05). Thereafter, symptoms decreased in both groups and, except that in MSC-treated tendons, mean lesion signal intensity as seen in T2w magnetic resonance imaging and cellularity as seen in the histology (p < 0.05) were lower, no major differences could be found at week 24. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that MSC have influenced the inflammatory reaction in a way not described in tendinopathy studies before. However, at the endpoint of the current study, 24 weeks after treatment, no distinct improvement was observed in MSC-treated tendons compared to the serum-injected controls. Future studies are necessary to elucidate whether and under which conditions MSC are beneficial for tendon healing before translation into human medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Ahrberg
- Department of Orthopedics, Traumatology and Plastic Surgery, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany. .,Translational Center for Regenerative Medicine (TRM), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - C Horstmeier
- Translational Center for Regenerative Medicine (TRM), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Saxon Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,University Equine Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - D Berner
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | - W Brehm
- Translational Center for Regenerative Medicine (TRM), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Saxon Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,University Equine Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - C Gittel
- University Equine Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - A Hillmann
- Translational Center for Regenerative Medicine (TRM), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Saxon Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - C Josten
- Department of Orthopedics, Traumatology and Plastic Surgery, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - G Rossi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - S Schubert
- Translational Center for Regenerative Medicine (TRM), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Saxon Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - K Winter
- University Equine Hospital, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - J Burk
- Translational Center for Regenerative Medicine (TRM), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Saxon Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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3
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Ugga L, Romeo V, Tedeschi E, Brunetti A, Quarantelli M. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanocolloids in MRI studies of neuroinflammation. J Neurosci Methods 2018; 310:12-23. [PMID: 29913184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Iron oxide (IO) nanocolloids are being increasingly used to image cellular contribution to neuroinflammation using MRI, as these particles are capable of labeling circulating cells with phagocytic activity, allowing to assess cell trafficking from the blood to neuroinflammation sites. The use of IOs relies on the natural phagocytic properties of immune cells, allowing their labeling either in vitro or directly in vivo, following intravenous injection. Despite concerns on the specificity of the latter approach, the widespread availability and relatively low cost of these techniques, coupled to a sensitivity that allows to reach single cell detection, have promoted their use in several preclinical and clinical studies. In this review, we discuss the results of currently available preclinical and clinical IO-enhanced MRI studies of immune cell trafficking in neuroinflammation, examining the specificity of the existing findings, in view of the different possible mechanisms underlying IO accumulation in the brain. From this standpoint, we assess the implications of the temporal and spatial differences in the enhancement pattern of IOs, compared to gadolinium-based contrast agents, a clinically established MRI marker blood-brain barrier breakdown. While concerns on the specificity of cell labeling obtained using the in-vivo labeling approach still need to be fully addressed, these techniques have indeed proved able to provide additional information on neuroinflammatory phenomena, as compared to conventional Gadolinium-enhanced MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Ugga
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Romeo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Enrico Tedeschi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Arturo Brunetti
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Quarantelli
- Biostructure and Bioimaging Institute, National Research Council, Naples, Italy.
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4
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Silva LHA, Cruz FF, Morales MM, Weiss DJ, Rocco PRM. Magnetic targeting as a strategy to enhance therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stromal cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:58. [PMID: 28279201 PMCID: PMC5345163 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0523-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been extensively investigated in the field of regenerative medicine. It is known that the success of MSC-based therapies depends primarily on effective cell delivery to the target site where they will secrete vesicles and soluble factors with immunomodulatory and potentially reparative properties. However, some lesions are located in sites that are difficult to access, such as the heart, spinal cord, and joints. Additionally, low MSC retention at target sites makes cell therapy short-lasting and, therefore, less effective. In this context, the magnetic targeting technique has emerged as a new strategy to aid delivery, increase retention, and enhance the effects of MSCs. This approach uses magnetic nanoparticles to magnetize MSCs and static magnetic fields to guide them in vivo, thus promoting more focused, effective, and lasting retention of MSCs at the target site. In the present review, we discuss the magnetic targeting technique, its principles, and the materials most commonly used; we also discuss its potential for MSC enhancement, and safety concerns that should be addressed before it can be applied in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa H A Silva
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Fernanda F Cruz
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Marcelo M Morales
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Daniel J Weiss
- Department of Medicine, Vermont Lung Center, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, 89 Beaumont Ave. Given, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Patricia R M Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.
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5
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Cai WW, Wang LJ, Li SJ, Zhang XP, Li TT, Wang YH, Yang X, Xie J, Li JD, Liu SJ, Xu W, He S, Cheng Z, Fan QL, Zhang RP. Effective tracking of bone mesenchymal stem cells in vivo by magnetic resonance imaging using melanin-based gadolinium 3+ nanoparticles. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 105:131-137. [PMID: 27588709 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Tracking transplanted stem cells is necessary to clarify cellular properties and improve transplantation success. In this study, we designed and synthesized melanin-based gadolinium3+ (Gd3+ )-chelate nanoparticles (MNP-Gd3+ ) of ∼7 nm for stem cell tracking in vivo. MNP-Gd3+ possesses many beneficial properties, such as its high stability and sensitivity, shorter T1 relaxation time, higher cell labeling efficiency, and lower cytotoxicity compared with commercial imaging agents. We found that the T1 relaxivity (r1 ) of MNP-Gd3+ was significantly higher than that of Gd-DTPA; the nanoparticles were taken up by bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) via endocytosis and were broadly distributed in the cytoplasm. Based on an in vitro MTT assay, no cytotoxicity of labeled stem cells was observed for MNP-Gd3+ concentrations of less than 800 µg/mL. Furthermore, we tracked MNP-Gd3+ -labeled BMSCs in vivo using 3.0T MRI equipment. After intramuscular injection, MNP-Gd3+ -labeled BMSCs were detected, even after four weeks, by 3T MRI. We concluded that MNP-Gd3+ nanoparticles at appropriate concentrations can be used to effectively monitor and track BMSCs in vivo. MNP-Gd3+ nanoparticles have potential as a new positive MRI contrast agent in clinical applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 131-137, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wen Cai
- Medical Imaging Department, First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030001, China
| | - Ling-Jie Wang
- Medical Imaging Department, First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030001, China
| | - Si-Jin Li
- Molecular Imaging Precision Medical Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030001, China
| | - Xi-Ping Zhang
- Department of Tumor Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310022, China
| | - Ting-Ting- Li
- Molecular Imaging Precision Medical Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030001, China
| | - Ying-Hua Wang
- Medical Imaging Department, First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030001, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Medical Imaging Department, First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030001, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Medical Imaging Department, First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030001, China
| | - Jian-Ding Li
- Medical Imaging Department, First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030001, China
| | - Shi-Jie Liu
- Medical Imaging Department, First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030001, China
| | - Wen Xu
- Medical Imaging Department, First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030001, China
| | - Sheng He
- Medical Imaging Department, First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030001, China
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305-5484
| | - Qu-Li Fan
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China
| | - Rui-Ping Zhang
- Medical Imaging Department, First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, 030001, China
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6
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Ghalamfarsa G, Hojjat-Farsangi M, Mohammadnia-Afrouzi M, Anvari E, Farhadi S, Yousefi M, Jadidi-Niaragh F. Application of nanomedicine for crossing the blood–brain barrier: Theranostic opportunities in multiple sclerosis. J Immunotoxicol 2016; 13:603-19. [DOI: 10.3109/1547691x.2016.1159264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ghasem Ghalamfarsa
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hojjat-Farsangi
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Immune and Gene Therapy Lab, Cancer Center Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska University Hospital Solna and Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Mousa Mohammadnia-Afrouzi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Enayat Anvari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Shohreh Farhadi
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Tehran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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7
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Abramowski P, Krasemann S, Ernst T, Lange C, Ittrich H, Schweizer M, Zander AR, Martin R, Fehse B. Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells Do Not Ameliorate Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and Are Not Detectable in the Central Nervous System of Transplanted Mice. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:1134-48. [PMID: 27250994 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) constitute progenitor cells that can be isolated from different tissues. Based on their immunomodulatory and neuroprotective functions, MSC-based cell-therapy approaches have been suggested to antagonize inflammatory activity and neuronal damage associated with autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS), for example, multiple sclerosis (MS). Intravenous MSC transplantation was reported to ameliorate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the murine model of MS, within days after transplantation. However, systemic distribution patterns and fate of MSCs after administration, especially their potential to migrate into inflammatory lesions within the CNS, remain to be elucidated. This question has of recent become particularly important, since therapeutic infusion of MSCs is now being tested in clinical trials with MS-affected patients. Here, we made use of the established EAE mouse model to investigate migration and therapeutic efficacy of murine bone marrow-derived MSCs. Applying a variety of techniques, including magnetic resonance imaging, immunohistochemistry, fluorescence in-situ hybridization, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction we found no evidence for immediate migration of infused MSC into the CNS of treated mice. Moreover, in contrast to other studies, transplanted MSCs did not ameliorate EAE. In conclusion, our data does not provide substantiation for a relevant migration of infused MSCs into the CNS of EAE mice supporting the hypothesis that potential therapeutic efficacy could be based on systemic effects. Evaluation of possible mechanisms underlying the observed discrepancies in MSC treatment outcomes between different EAE models demands further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Abramowski
- 1 Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg, Germany .,2 Institute for Neuroimmunology and Clinical Multiple Sclerosis Research (INIMS), ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Krasemann
- 3 Institute for Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Ernst
- 4 Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Lange
- 1 Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg, Germany
| | - Harald Ittrich
- 4 Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michaela Schweizer
- 5 Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg, Germany
| | - Axel R Zander
- 6 Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roland Martin
- 2 Institute for Neuroimmunology and Clinical Multiple Sclerosis Research (INIMS), ZMNH, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg, Germany .,7 Neuroimmunology and MS Research, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Boris Fehse
- 1 Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg, Germany
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8
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Connell JJ, Patrick PS, Yu Y, Lythgoe MF, Kalber TL. Advanced cell therapies: targeting, tracking and actuation of cells with magnetic particles. Regen Med 2015; 10:757-72. [PMID: 26390317 DOI: 10.2217/rme.15.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine would greatly benefit from a new platform technology that enabled measurable, controllable and targeting of stem cells to a site of disease or injury in the body. Superparamagnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles offer attractive possibilities in biomedicine and can be incorporated into cells, affording a safe and reliable means of tagging. This review describes three current and emerging methods to enhance regenerative medicine using magnetic particles to guide therapeutic cells to a target organ; track the cells using MRI and assess their spatial localization with high precision and influence the behavior of the cell using magnetic actuation. This approach is complementary to the systemic injection of cell therapies, thus expanding the horizon of stem cell therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Connell
- UCL Centre of Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - P Stephen Patrick
- UCL Centre of Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Yichao Yu
- UCL Centre of Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Mark F Lythgoe
- UCL Centre of Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Tammy L Kalber
- UCL Centre of Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
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9
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Leder A, Raschzok N, Schmidt C, Arabacioglu D, Butter A, Kolano S, de Sousa Lisboa LS, Werner W, Polenz D, Reutzel-Selke A, Pratschke J, Sauer IM. Micron-sized iron oxide-containing particles for microRNA-targeted manipulation and MRI-based tracking of transplanted cells. Biomaterials 2015. [PMID: 25771004 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Particle-based delivery systems for therapeutic manipulation and tracking of transplanted cells by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are commonly based on nanometer-sized superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (SPIOs). Here, we present a proof of concept for multifunctional, silica based micron-sized iron oxide-containing particles (sMPIO) that combine fluorescence imaging, MRI tracking, and on-the-spot targeting of specific microRNAs on a particle surface for therapeutic manipulation by RNA interference. Antisense locked nucleic acids (α-LNA) were covalently bound to the surface of silica-based, DAPI-integrated, micron-sized iron oxide particles (sMPIO-α-LNA). In vitro studies using primary human hepatocytes showed rapid particle uptake (4 h) that was accompanied by significant depletion of the targeted microRNA Let7g (80%), up-regulation of the target proteins Cyclin D1 and c-Myc, and specific proteome changes. sMPIO-α-LNA-labeled cells were successfully detected by fluorescence imaging and could be visualized by MRI after intrasplenic transplantation in rats. This new theranostic particle provides a promising tool for cell transplantation where cellular imaging and microRNA-based manipulation is needed. [165].
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Affiliation(s)
- Annekatrin Leder
- General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Nathanael Raschzok
- General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Duygu Arabacioglu
- General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Antje Butter
- General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Kolano
- General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Luisa S de Sousa Lisboa
- General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wiebke Werner
- General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dietrich Polenz
- General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Reutzel-Selke
- General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Johann Pratschke
- General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Igor M Sauer
- General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Experimental Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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10
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Gharibi T, Ahmadi M, Seyfizadeh N, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Yousefi M. Immunomodulatory characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells and their role in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Cell Immunol 2015; 293:113-21. [PMID: 25596473 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Revised: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory neurodegenerative disease of central nervous system (CNS). Although the main cause of MS is not clear, studies suggest that MS is an autoimmune disease which attacks myelin sheath of neurons. There are different therapeutic regimens for MS patients including interferon (IFN)-β, glatiramer acetate (GA), and natalizumab. However, such therapies are not quite effective and are associated with some side effects. So which, there is no complete therapeutic method for MS patients. Regarding the potent immunomodulatory effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their ameliorative effects in experimental autoimmune encephalopathy (EAE), it seems that MSCs may be a new therapeutic method in MS therapy. MSC transplantation is an approach to regulate the immune system in the region of CNS lesions. In this review, we have tried to discuss about the immunomodulatory properties of MSCs and their therapeutic mechanisms in MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohid Gharibi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Ahmadi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Narges Seyfizadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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11
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Schulze F, Dienelt A, Geissler S, Zaslansky P, Schoon J, Henzler K, Guttmann P, Gramoun A, Crowe LA, Maurizi L, Vallée JP, Hofmann H, Duda GN, Ode A. Amino-polyvinyl alcohol coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles are suitable for monitoring of human mesenchymal stromal cells in vivo. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:4340-4351. [PMID: 24990430 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201400707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are promising candidates in regenerative cell-therapies. However, optimizing their number and route of delivery remains a critical issue, which can be addressed by monitoring the MSCs' bio-distribution in vivo using super-paramagnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). In this study, amino-polyvinyl alcohol coated (A-PVA) SPIONs are introduced for cell-labeling and visualization by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of human MSCs. Size and surface charge of A-PVA-SPIONs differ depending on their solvent. Under MSC-labeling conditions, A-PVA-SPIONs have a hydrodynamic diameter of 42 ± 2 nm and a negative Zeta potential of 25 ± 5 mV, which enable efficient internalization by MSCs without the need to use transfection agents. Transmission X-ray microscopy localizes A-PVA-SPIONs in intracellular vesicles and as cytosolic single particles. After identifying non-interfering cell-assays and determining the delivered and cellular dose, in addition to the administered dose, A-PVA-SPIONs are found to be non-toxic to MSCs and non-destructive towards their multi-lineage differentiation potential. Surprisingly, MSC migration is increased. In MRI, A-PVA-SPION-labeled MSCs are successfully visualized in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, A-PVA-SPIONs have no unfavorable influences on MSCs, although it becomes evident how sensitive their functional behavior is towards SPION-labeling. And A-PVA-SPIONs allow MSC-monitoring in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Schulze
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
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12
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Geng K, Yang ZX, Huang D, Yi M, Jia Y, Yan G, Cheng X, Wu R. Tracking of mesenchymal stem cells labeled with gadolinium diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid by 7T magnetic resonance imaging in a model of cerebral ischemia. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:954-60. [PMID: 25352164 PMCID: PMC4262487 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Progress in the development of stem cell and gene therapy requires repeatable and non-invasive techniques to monitor the survival and integration of stem cells in vivo with a high temporal and spatial resolution. The purpose of the present study was to examine the feasibility of using the standard contrast agent gadolinium diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) to label rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for stem cell tracking. MSCs, obtained from the bilateral femora of rats, were cultured and propagated. The non-liposomal lipid transfection reagent effectene was then used to induce the intracellular uptake of Gd-DTPA. Electron microscopy was used to detect the distribution of Gd-DTPA particles in the MSCs. The labeling efficiency of the Gd-DTPA particles in the MSCs was determined using spectrophotometry, and MTT and trypan blue exclusion assays were used to evaluate the viability and proliferation of the labeled MSCs. T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to observe the labeled cells in vitro and in the rat brain. Gd-DTPA particles were detected inside the MSCs using transmission electron microscopy and a high labeling efficiency was observed. No difference was observed in cell viability or proliferation between the labeled and unlabeled MSCs (P>0.05). In the in vitro T1-weighted MRI and in the rat brain, a high signal intensity was observed in the labeled MSCs. The T1-weighted imaging of the labeled cells revealed a significantly higher signal intensity compared with that of the unlabeled cells (P<0.05) and the T1 values were significantly lower. The function of the labeled MSCs demonstrated no change following Gd-DTPA labeling, with no evident adverse effect on cell viability or proliferation. Therefore, a change in MR signal intensity was detected in vitro and in vivo, suggesting Gd-DTPA can be used to label MSCs for MRI tracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Geng
- The Chinese People's Liberation Army 59 Hospital, Yunnan, Kaiyuan, Yunnan 661699, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Xian Yang
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Dexiao Huang
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Meizi Yi
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Yanlong Jia
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Gen Yan
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofang Cheng
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
| | - Renhua Wu
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P.R. China
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13
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Toupet K, Maumus M, Peyrafitte JA, Bourin P, van Lent PLEM, Ferreira R, Orsetti B, Pirot N, Casteilla L, Jorgensen C, Noël D. Long-Term Detection of Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells After Intraarticular Injection in SCID Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:1786-94. [DOI: 10.1002/art.37960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karine Toupet
- INSERM U844; Hôpital St. Eloi, and Université Montpellier 1; Montpellier; France
| | - Marie Maumus
- INSERM U844; Hôpital St. Eloi, and Université Montpellier 1; Montpellier; France
| | | | | | | | | | - Béatrice Orsetti
- EMI 229 INSERM and Université Montpellier 1; Montpellier; France
| | - Nelly Pirot
- IRCM, INSERM U896, Université Montpellier 1, and CRLC Val d'Aurelle-Paul Lamarque; Montpellier; France
| | - Louis Casteilla
- EFS Pyrénées-Méditerranée; CNRS 5273; UMR STROMALab; Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, and INSERM U1031; Toulouse; France
| | - Christian Jorgensen
- INSERM U844, Hôpital St. Eloi, Université Montpellier 1, and Hôpital Lapeyronie; Montpellier; France
| | - Danièle Noël
- INSERM U844; Hôpital St. Eloi, and Université Montpellier 1; Montpellier; France
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14
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Fayol D, Luciani N, Lartigue L, Gazeau F, Wilhelm C. Managing magnetic nanoparticle aggregation and cellular uptake: a precondition for efficient stem-cell differentiation and MRI tracking. Adv Healthc Mater 2013. [PMID: 23184893 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201200294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The labeling of stem cells with iron oxide nanoparticles is increasingly used to enable MRI cell tracking and magnetic cell manipulation, stimulating the fields of tissue engineering and cell therapy. However, the impact of magnetic labeling on stem-cell differentiation is still controversial. One compromising factor for successful differentiation may arise from early interactions of nanoparticles with cells during the labeling procedure. It is hypothesized that the lack of control over nanoparticle colloidal stability in biological media may lead to undesirable nanoparticle localization, overestimation of cellular uptake, misleading MRI cell tracking, and further impairment of differentiation. Herein a method is described for labeling mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), in which the physical state of citrate-coated nanoparticles (dispersed versus aggregated) can be kinetically tuned through electrostatic and magnetic triggers, as monitored by diffusion light scattering in the extracellular medium and by optical and electronic microscopy in cells. A set of statistical cell-by-cell measurements (flow cytometry, single-cell magnetophoresis, and high-resolution MRI cellular detection) is used to independently quantify the nanoparticle cell uptake and the effects of nanoparticle aggregation. Such aggregation confounds MRI cell detection as well as global iron quantification and has adverse effects on chondrogenetic differentiation. Magnetic labeling conditions with perfectly stable nanoparticles-suitable for obtaining differentiation-capable magnetic stem cells for use in cell therapy-are subsequently identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Fayol
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, UMR 7057 CNRS & University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
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15
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Tourdias T, Dousset V. Neuroinflammatory imaging biomarkers: relevance to multiple sclerosis and its therapy. Neurotherapeutics 2013; 10:111-23. [PMID: 23132327 PMCID: PMC3557362 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-012-0155-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging is an established tool in the management of multiple sclerosis (MS). Loss of blood brain barrier integrity assessed by gadolinium (Gd) enhancement is the current standard marker of MS activity. To explore the complex cascade of the inflammatory events, other magnetic resonance imaging, but also positron emission tomographic markers reviewed in this article are being developed to address active neuroinflammation with increased sensitivity and specificity. Alternative magnetic resonance contrast agents, positron emission tomographic tracers and imaging techniques could be more sensitive than Gd to early blood brain barrier alteration, and they could assess the inflammatory cell recruitment and/or the associated edema accumulation. These markers of active neuroinflammation, although some of them are limited to experimental studies, could find great relevance to complete Gd information and thereby increase our understanding of acute lesion pathophysiology and its noninvasive follow-up, especially to monitor treatment efficacy. Furthermore, such accurate markers of inflammation combined with those of neurodegeneration hold promise to provide a more complete picture of MS, which will be of great benefit for future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Tourdias
- INSERM Unit 1049 Neuroinflammation, Imagerie et Thérapie de la Sclérose en Plaques, Université de Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, Bordeaux, F-33076, France.
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16
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Qi Y, Feng G, Huang Z, Yan W. The application of super paramagnetic iron oxide-labeled mesenchymal stem cells in cell-based therapy. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 40:2733-40. [PMID: 23269616 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2364-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy has great potential for tissue regeneration. However, being able to monitor the in vivo behavior of implanted MSCs and understand the fate of these cells is necessary for further development of successful therapies and requires an effective, non-invasive and non-toxic technique for cell tracking. Super paramagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) is an idea label and tracer of MSCs. MRI can be used to follow SPIO-labeled MSCs and has been proposed as a gold standard for monitoring the in vivo biodistribution and migration of implanted SPIO-labeled MSCs. This review discusses the biological effects of SPIO labeling on MSCs and the therapeutic applications of local or systemic delivery of these labeled cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiying Qi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
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17
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Chang YK, Liu YP, Ho JH, Hsu SC, Lee OK. Amine-surface-modified superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles interfere with differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. J Orthop Res 2012; 30:1499-506. [PMID: 22337660 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles have been widely used for stem cell labeling and tracking. Surface modification has been known to improve biocompatibility, biodistribution, and labeling efficiency of SPIO nanoparticles. However, the effects of amine (NH 3+)-surface-modified SPIO nanoparticles on proliferation and differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) remain unclear. The purpose of this study is to investigate how amine-surface-modified SPIO nanoparticles affected hMSCs. In this study, intracellular uptake and the contiguous presence of amine-surface-modified SPIO nanoparticles in hMSCs were demonstrated by Prussian blue staining, transmission electron microscopy and magnetic resonance imaging. Moreover, accelerated cell proliferation was found to be associated with cellular internalization of amine-surface-modified SPIO nanoparticles. The osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation potentials of hMSCs were impaired after treating with SPIO, while adipogenic potential was relatively unaffected. Altered cytokine production profile in hMSCs caused by amine-surface-modified SPIO nanoparticles may account for the increased proliferation and impaired differentiation potentials; concentrations of the growth factors in the SPIO-labeled condition medium including amphiregulin, glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor, heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor, as well as soluble form of macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor and SCF receptor, were higher than in the unlabeled-condition medium. In summary, although amine-surface-modified SPIO labeling is effective for cell tracking, properties of hMSCs may alter as a consequence and this needs to be taken into account when evaluating therapeutic efficacies of SPIO-labeled stem cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Kang Chang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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18
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Constantinescu CS, Farooqi N, O'Brien K, Gran B. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) as a model for multiple sclerosis (MS). Br J Pharmacol 2012; 164:1079-106. [PMID: 21371012 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01302.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1006] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is the most commonly used experimental model for the human inflammatory demyelinating disease, multiple sclerosis (MS). EAE is a complex condition in which the interaction between a variety of immunopathological and neuropathological mechanisms leads to an approximation of the key pathological features of MS: inflammation, demyelination, axonal loss and gliosis. The counter-regulatory mechanisms of resolution of inflammation and remyelination also occur in EAE, which, therefore can also serve as a model for these processes. Moreover, EAE is often used as a model of cell-mediated organ-specific autoimmune conditions in general. EAE has a complex neuropharmacology, and many of the drugs that are in current or imminent use in MS have been developed, tested or validated on the basis of EAE studies. There is great heterogeneity in the susceptibility to the induction, the method of induction and the response to various immunological or neuropharmacological interventions, many of which are reviewed here. This makes EAE a very versatile system to use in translational neuro- and immunopharmacology, but the model needs to be tailored to the scientific question being asked. While creating difficulties and underscoring the inherent weaknesses of this model of MS in straightforward translation from EAE to the human disease, this variability also creates an opportunity to explore multiple facets of the immune and neural mechanisms of immune-mediated neuroinflammation and demyelination as well as intrinsic protective mechanisms. This allows the eventual development and preclinical testing of a wide range of potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cris S Constantinescu
- Division of Clinical Neurology, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.
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19
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Siegel G, Krause P, Wöhrle S, Nowak P, Ayturan M, Kluba T, Brehm BR, Neumeister B, Köhler D, Rosenberger P, Just L, Northoff H, Schäfer R. Bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells express cardiomyogenic proteins but do not exhibit functional cardiomyogenic differentiation potential. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 21:2457-70. [PMID: 22309203 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2011.0626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite their paracrine activites, cardiomyogenic differentiation of bone marrow (BM)-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is thought to contribute to cardiac regeneration. To systematically evaluate the role of differentiation in MSC-mediated cardiac regeneration, the cardiomyogenic differentiation potential of human MSCs (hMSCs) and murine MSCs (mMSCs) was investigated in vitro and in vivo by inducing cardiomyogenic and noncardiomyogenic differentiation. Untreated hMSCs showed upregulation of cardiac tropopin I, cardiac actin, and myosin light chain mRNA and protein, and treatment of hMSCs with various cardiomyogenic differentiation media led to an enhanced expression of cardiomyogenic genes and proteins; however, no functional cardiomyogenic differentiation of hMSCs was observed. Moreover, co-culturing of hMSCs with cardiomyocytes derived from murine pluripotent cells (mcP19) or with murine fetal cardiomyocytes (mfCMCs) did not result in functional cardiomyogenic differentiation of hMSCs. Despite direct contact to beating mfCMCs, hMSCs could be effectively differentiated into cells of only the adipogenic and osteogenic lineage. After intramyocardial transplantation into a mouse model of myocardial infarction, Sca-1(+) mMSCs migrated to the infarcted area and survived at least 14 days but showed inconsistent evidence of functional cardiomyogenic differentiation. Neither in vitro treatment nor intramyocardial transplantation of MSCs reliably generated MSC-derived cardiomyocytes, indicating that functional cardiomyogenic differentiation of BM-derived MSCs is a rare event and, therefore, may not be the main contributor to cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Siegel
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine (IKET), University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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20
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Yanai A, Häfeli UO, Metcalfe AL, Soema P, Addo L, Gregory-Evans CY, Po K, Shan X, Moritz OL, Gregory-Evans K. Focused magnetic stem cell targeting to the retina using superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. Cell Transplant 2012; 21:1137-48. [PMID: 22405427 DOI: 10.3727/096368911x627435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing new ways of delivering cells to diseased tissue will be a key factor in translating cell therapeutics research into clinical use. Magnetically targeting cells enables delivery of significant numbers of cells to key areas of specific organs. To demonstrate feasibility in neurological tissue, we targeted cells magnetically to the upper hemisphere of the rodent retina. Rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were magnetized using superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). In vitro studies suggested that magnetization with fluidMAG-D was well tolerated, that cells remained viable, and they retained their differentiation capabilities. FluidMAG-D-labeled MSCs were injected intravitreally or via the tail vein of the S334ter-4 transgenic rat model of retinal degeneration with or without placing a gold-plated neodymium disc magnet within the orbit, but outside the eye. Retinal flatmount and cryosection imaging demonstrated that after intravitreal injection cells localized to the inner retina in a tightly confined area corresponding to the position of the orbital magnet. After intravenous injection, similar retinal localization was achieved and remarkably was associated with a tenfold increase in magnetic MSC delivery to the retina. Cryosections demonstrated that cells had migrated into both the inner and outer retina. Magnetic MSC treatment with orbital magnet also resulted in significantly higher retinal concentrations of anti-inflammatory molecules interleukin-10 and hepatocyte growth factor. This suggested that intravenous MSC therapy also resulted in significant therapeutic benefit in the dystrophic retina. With minimal risk of collateral damage, these results suggest that magnetic cell delivery is the best approach for controlled delivery of cells to the outer retina-the focus for disease in age-related macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Yanai
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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21
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Guenoun J, Koning GA, Doeswijk G, Bosman L, Wielopolski PA, Krestin GP, Bernsen MR. Cationic Gd-DTPA liposomes for highly efficient labeling of mesenchymal stem cells and cell tracking with MRI. Cell Transplant 2011; 21:191-205. [PMID: 21929868 DOI: 10.3727/096368911x593118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study cell labeling was performed with water-soluble gadolinium (Gd)-DTPA containing liposomes, to allow for cell tracking by MRI. Liposomes were used to assure a highly concentrated intracellular build up of Gd, aiming to overcome the relatively low MRI sensitivity of Gd (compared to T2 contrast agents). Liposomes were positively charged (cationic) to facilitate uptake by binding to anionic charges in the cell membrane of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). We determined the cellular Gd load by variations in labeling time (1, 4, and 24 h) and liposome concentration (125, 250, 500, 1000 μM lipid), closely monitoring effects on cell viability, proliferation rate, and differentiation ability. Labeling was both time and dose dependent. Labeling for 4 h was most efficient regarding the combination of processing time and final cellular Gd uptake. Labeling for 4 h with low-dose concentration (125 μM lipid, corresponding to 52 ± 3 μM Gd) yielded an intracellular load of 30 ± 2.5 pg Gd cell(-1), without any effects on cell viability, proliferation, and cell differentiation. Gd liposomes, colabeled with fluorescent dyes, exhibited a prolonged cellular retention, with an endosomal distribution pattern. In vitro assay over 20 days demonstrated a drop in the average Gd load per cell, as a result of mitosis. However, there was no significant change in the sum of the Gd load in all daughter cells at endpoint (20 days), indicating an excellent cellular retention of Gd. MSCs labeled with Gd liposomes were imaged with MRI at both 1.5T and 3.0T, resulting in excellent visualization both in vitro and in vivo. Prolonged in vivo imaging of 500,000 Gd-labeled cells was possible for at least 2 weeks (3.0T). In conclusion, Gd-loaded cationic liposomes (125 μM lipid) are an excellent candidate to label cells, without detrimental effects on cell viability, proliferation, and differentiation, and can be visualized by MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Guenoun
- Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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22
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Dimayuga VM, Rodriguez-Porcel M. Molecular imaging of cell therapy for gastroenterologic applications. Pancreatology 2011; 11:414-27. [PMID: 21912197 DOI: 10.1159/000327395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy has appeared as a possible therapeutic alternative for numerous diseases. Furthermore, cancer stem cells are a focus of significant interest as they may allow for a better understanding of the genesis of different malignancies. The ultimate goal of stem cell therapeutics is to ensure the viability and functionality of the transplanted cells. Similarly, the ultimate goal of understanding cancer stem cells is to understand how they behave in the living subject. Until recently, the efficacy of stem cell therapies has been assessed by overall organ function recovery. Understanding the behavior and biology of stem cells directly in the living subject can also lead to therapy optimization. Thus, there is a critical need for reliable and accurate methods to understand stem cell biology in vivo. Recent advances in both imaging and molecular biology have enabled transplanted stem cells to be successfully monitored in the living subject. The use of molecular imaging modalities has the capability to answer these questions and may one day be translated to patients. In this review, we will discuss the potential imaging strategies and how they can be utilized, depending on the questions that need to be answered.
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23
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Mesenchymal stromal cells: a novel and effective strategy for facilitating engraftment and accelerating hematopoietic recovery after transplantation? Bone Marrow Transplant 2011; 47:323-9. [PMID: 21552300 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2011.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
MSCs are multipotent cells that can be isolated from several human tissues and expanded ex vivo for clinical use. They comprise a heterogeneous population of cells, which, through production of growth factors, cell-to-cell interactions and secretion of matrix proteins, has a role in the regulation of hematopoiesis. In recent years, several experimental studies have shown that MSCs are endowed with immunomodulatory properties and with the capacity to promote graft survival in animal models. In view of these properties, MSCs have been tested in pilot studies aimed at preventing/treating graft rejection and at accelerating recovery after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). The available clinical evidence deriving from these studies indicates that MSC infusion is safe and promising in terms of capacity of preventing graft failure. More debated is the effect of MSCs for what concerns their capacity of accelerating hematopoietic reconstitution after HCT. Whether the favorable effect of MSCs largely depends on the type of transplantation remains also a field of future investigation. Moreover, future researches should be oriented to gain more insights on MSC biological and functional mechanisms relevant for exploiting their use in the modulation of alloreactivity and in the promotion of hematopoietic reconstitution.
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Schmidtke-Schrezenmeier G, Urban M, Musyanovych A, Mailänder V, Rojewski M, Fekete N, Menard C, Deak E, Tarte K, Rasche V, Landfester K, Schrezenmeier H. Labeling of mesenchymal stromal cells with iron oxide-poly(L-lactide) nanoparticles for magnetic resonance imaging: uptake, persistence, effects on cellular function and magnetic resonance imaging properties. Cytotherapy 2011; 13:962-75. [PMID: 21492060 PMCID: PMC3172145 DOI: 10.3109/14653249.2011.571246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background aims. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are the focus of research in regenerative medicine aiming at the regulatory approval of these cells for specific indications. To cope with the regulatory requirements for somatic cell therapy, novel approaches that do not interfere with the natural behavior of the cells are necessary. In this context in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of labeled MSC could be an appropriate tool. Cell labeling for MRI with a variety of different iron oxide preparations is frequently published. However, most publications lack a comprehensive assessment of the noninterference of the contrast agent with the functionality of the labeled MSC, which is a prerequisite for the validity of cell-tracking via MRI. Methods.We studied the effects of iron oxide-poly(L-lactide) nanoparticles in MSC with flow cytom-etry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), Prussian blue staining, CyQuant® proliferation testing, colony-forming unit-fibroblast (CFU-F) assays, flow chamber adhesion testing, immuno-logic tests and differentiation tests. Furthermore iron-labeled MSC were studied by MRI in agarose phantoms and Wistar rats. Results. It could be demonstrated that MSC show rapid uptake of nanoparticles and long-lasting intracellular persistence in the endosomal compartment. Labeling of the MSC with these particles has no influence on viability, differentiation, clonogenicity, proliferation, adhesion, phenotype and immunosuppressive properties. They show excellent MRI properties in agarose phantoms and after subcutaneous implantation in rats over several weeks. Conclusions. These particles qualify for studying MSC homing and trafficking via MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerlinde Schmidtke-Schrezenmeier
- DRK Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessia, Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm and Institute of Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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25
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Eve DJ, Fillmore RW, Borlongan CV, Sanberg PR. Stem cell research in cell transplantation: sources, geopolitical influence, and transplantation. Cell Transplant 2010; 19:1493-509. [PMID: 21054954 DOI: 10.3727/096368910x540612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
If the rapidly progressing field of stem cell research reaches its full potential, successful treatments and enhanced understanding of many diseases are the likely results. However, the full potential of stem cell science will only be reached if all possible avenues can be explored and on a worldwide scale. Until 2009, the US had a highly restrictive policy on obtaining cells from human embryos and fetal tissue, a policy that pushed research toward the use of adult-derived cells. Currently, US policy is still in flux, and retrospective analysis does show the US lagging behind the rest of the world in the proportional increase in embryonic/fetal stem cell research. The majority of US studies being on either a limited number of cell lines, or on cells derived elsewhere (or funded by other sources than Federal) rather than on freshly isolated embryonic or fetal material. Neural, mesenchymal, and the mixed stem cell mononuclear fraction are the most commonly investigated types, which can generally be classified as adult-derived stem cells, although roughly half of the neural stem cells are fetal derived. Other types, such as embryonic and fat-derived stem cells, are increasing in their prominence, suggesting that new types of stem cells are still being pursued. Sixty percent of the reported stem cell studies involved transplantation, of which over three quarters were allogeneic transplants. A high proportion of the cardiovascular systems articles were on allogeneic transplants in a number of different species, including several autologous studies. A number of pharmaceutical grade stem cell products have also recently been tested and reported on. Stem cell research shows considerable promise for the treatment of a number of disorders, some of which have entered clinical trials; over the next few years it will be interesting to see how these treatments progress in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Eve
- Center of Excellence for Aging & Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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In vitro evaluation of magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents for labeling human liver cells: implications for clinical translation. Mol Imaging Biol 2010; 13:613-22. [PMID: 20737221 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-010-0405-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2010] [Revised: 07/11/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a promising approach for non-invasive monitoring after liver cell transplantation. We compared in vitro labeling of human liver cells with nano-sized (SPIO) and micron-sized iron oxide particles (MPIO). PROCEDURES The cellular iron load was quantified and phantom studies were performed using 3.0-T MRI. Transferrin receptor and ferritin gene expression, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, transaminase leakage, and urea synthesis were investigated over 6 days. RESULTS Incubation with MPIO produced stronger signal extinctions in MRI at similar iron loads within shorter labeling time. MPIO had no negative effects on the cellular iron homeostasis or cell performance, whereas SPIO caused temporary ROS formation and non-physiologic activation of the iron metabolic pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that MPIO are suited for clinical translation of strategies for cellular imaging with MRI. Attention should be paid to iron release and oxidative stress caused by biodegradable contrast agents.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Inflammation is an important component not only in autoimmune but also in ischemic/degenerative disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). We here review magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based techniques to visualize neuroinflammation in vivo. RECENT FINDINGS Iron oxide particles such as superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) and ultrasmall SPIO (USPIO) are phagocytosed by hematogeneous macrophages upon systemic application into the circulation and allow in-vivo tracking of infiltration to the CNS due to their paramagnetic effect by MRI in experimental CNS disorders, and also in multiple sclerosis and stroke. Thereby, the size and application scheme of the iron particles is critical for interpretation of the MRI data which in addition to neuroinflammation involves passive diffusion and intravascular trapping. Targeting of inflammatory, activation-dependent enzymes such as myeloperoxidase or immune function molecules by MR contrast agents represents a molecular approach to visualize critical steps of lesion development caused by neuroinflammation. Clinical studies with Gd-DTPA in conjunction with experimental investigations employing more sensitive MR contrast agents such as gadofluorine revealed that breakdown of the blood-brain barrier and SPIO/USPIO-related macrophage infiltration occur mostly independently. SUMMARY Cellular and targeted molecular MRI provides important insights into the dynamics of neuroinflammation.
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Lunov O, Syrovets T, Büchele B, Jiang X, Röcker C, Tron K, Nienhaus GU, Walther P, Mailänder V, Landfester K, Simmet T. The effect of carboxydextran-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles on c-Jun N-terminal kinase-mediated apoptosis in human macrophages. Biomaterials 2010; 31:5063-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 03/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Yang JX, Tang WL, Wang XX. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles may affect endothelial progenitor cell migration ability and adhesion capacity. Cytotherapy 2010; 12:251-9. [PMID: 20196696 DOI: 10.3109/14653240903446910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Cell labeling with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles enables non-invasive tracking of transplanted cells. The aim of this study was to investigate whether SPIO nanoparticles have an effect on endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) functional activity and the feasibility of a protocol for labeling swine- and rat-origin EPC using SPIO nanoparticles at an optimized low dosage. METHODS EPC were isolated from the peripheral blood of swine and bone marrow of rat and characterized. After ex vivo cultivation, EPC were labeled with SPIO nanoparticles (to make a series of final concentrations, 50, 100, 200 and 400 microg/mL) or vehicle control. We also investigated the long-term effects of 200 microg/mL SPIO nanoparticles on EPC (4, 8, 12 and 16 days after labeling). The labeling efficiency was tested through Prussian blue (PB) staining and the intracellular iron uptake was also measured quantitatively and confirmed. EPC proliferation and migration were determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and transwell chamber assay, respectively. An EPC adhesion assay was performed by replating the cells on fibronectin-coated dishes and then counting the adherent cells. EPC apoptosis was evaluated using an Annexin V-FITC apoptosis kit. RESULTS SPIO nanoparticles impaired EPC migration and promoted EPC adhesion. EPC proliferation and apoptosis were not affected. SPIO nanoparticles could label EPC efficiently at 200 microg/mL overnight without significantly affecting EPC functional activity. CONCLUSIONS SPIO nanoparticles impaired the EPC migration ability and promoted the EPC adhesion capacity. EPC could be labeled efficiently at an appropriate concentration (200 microg/mL) without significantly affecting their functional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xiu Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Schäfer R, Bantleon R, Kehlbach R, Siegel G, Wiskirchen J, Wolburg H, Kluba T, Eibofner F, Northoff H, Claussen CD, Schlemmer HP. Functional investigations on human mesenchymal stem cells exposed to magnetic fields and labeled with clinically approved iron nanoparticles. BMC Cell Biol 2010; 11:22. [PMID: 20370915 PMCID: PMC2871263 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-11-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2009] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background For clinical applications of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), labeling and tracking is crucial to evaluate cell distribution and homing. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been successfully established detecting MSCs labeled with superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide (SPIO). Despite initial reports that labeling of MSCs with SPIO is safe without affecting the MSC's biology, recent studies report on influences of SPIO-labeling on metabolism and function of MSCs. Exposition of cells and tissues to high magnetic fields is the functional principle of MRI. In this study we established innovative labeling protocols for human MSCs using clinically established SPIO in combination with magnetic fields and investigated on functional effects (migration assays, quantification of colony forming units, analyses of gene and protein expression and analyses on the proliferation capacity, the viability and the differentiation potential) of magnetic fields on unlabeled and labeled human MSCs. To evaluate the imaging properties, quantification of the total iron load per cell (TIL), electron microscopy, and MRI at 3.0 T were performed. Results Human MSCs labeled with SPIO permanently exposed to magnetic fields arranged and grew according to the magnetic flux lines. Exposure of MSCs to magnetic fields after labeling with SPIO significantly enhanced the TIL compared to SPIO labeled MSCs without exposure to magnetic fields resulting in optimized imaging properties (detection limit: 1,000 MSCs). Concerning the TIL and the imaging properties, immediate exposition to magnetic fields after labeling was superior to exposition after 24 h. On functional level, exposition to magnetic fields inhibited the ability of colony formation of labeled MSCs and led to an enhanced expression of lipoprotein lipase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ in labeled MSCs under adipogenic differentiation, and to a reduced expression of alkaline phosphatase in unlabeled MSCs under osteogenic differentiation as detected by qRT-PCR. Moreover, microarray analyses revealed that exposition of labeled MSCs to magnetic fields led to an up regulation of CD93 mRNA and cadherin 7 mRNA and to a down regulation of Zinc finger FYVE domain mRNA. Exposition of unlabeled MSCs to magnetic fields led to an up regulation of CD93 mRNA, lipocalin 6 mRNA, sialic acid acetylesterase mRNA, and olfactory receptor mRNA and to a down regulation of ubiquilin 1 mRNA. No influence of the exposition to magnetic fields could be observed on the migration capacity, the viability, the proliferation rate and the chondrogenic differentiation capacity of labeled or unlabeled MSCs. Conclusions In our study an innovative labeling protocol for tracking MSCs by MRI using SPIO in combination with magnetic fields was established. Both, SPIO and the static magnetic field were identified as independent factors which affect the functional biology of human MSCs. Further in vivo investigations are needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the interaction of magnetic fields with stem cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Schäfer
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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Nohroudi K, Arnhold S, Berhorn T, Addicks K, Hoehn M, Himmelreich U. In Vivo MRI Stem Cell Tracking Requires Balancing of Detection Limit and Cell Viability. Cell Transplant 2010; 19:431-41. [DOI: 10.3727/096368909x484699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapy using adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has already been the subject of clinical trials, but for further development and optimization the distribution and integration of the engrafted cells into host tissues have to be monitored. Today, for this purpose magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most suitable technique, and micron-sized iron oxide particles (MPIOs) used for labeling are favorable due to their low detection limit. However, constitutional data concerning labeling efficiency, cell viability, and function are lacking. We demonstrate that cell viability and migratory potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) are negatively correlated with incorporated MPIOs, presumably due to interference with the actin cytoskeleton. Nevertheless, labeling of BMSCs with low amounts of MPIOs results in maintained cellular function and sufficient contrast for in vivo observation of single cells by MRI in a rat glioma model. Conclusively, though careful titration is indicated, MPIOs are a promising tool for in vivo cell tracking and evaluation of cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Nohroudi
- Department of Anatomy I, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - S. Arnhold
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - T. Berhorn
- Department of Anatomy I, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - K. Addicks
- Department of Anatomy I, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - M. Hoehn
- Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - U. Himmelreich
- Max Planck Institute for Neurological Research, Cologne, Germany
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Crabbe A, Vandeputte C, Dresselaers T, Sacido AA, Verdugo JMG, Eyckmans J, Luyten FP, Van Laere K, Verfaillie CM, Himmelreich U. Effects of MRI contrast agents on the stem cell phenotype. Cell Transplant 2010; 19:919-36. [PMID: 20350351 DOI: 10.3727/096368910x494623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The ultimate therapy for ischemic stroke is restoration of blood supply in the ischemic region and regeneration of lost neural cells. This might be achieved by transplanting cells that differentiate into vascular or neuronal cell types, or secrete trophic factors that enhance self-renewal, recruitment, long-term survival, and functional integration of endogenous stem/progenitor cells. Experimental stroke models have been developed to determine potential beneficial effect of stem/progenitor cell-based therapies. To follow the fate of grafted cells in vivo, a number of noninvasive imaging approaches have been developed. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a high-resolution, clinically relevant method allowing in vivo monitoring of cells labeled with contrast agents. In this study, labeling efficiency of three different stem cell populations [mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC), rat multipotent adult progenitor cells (rMAPC), and mouse mesenchymal stem cells (mMSC)] with three different (ultra)small superparamagnetic iron oxide [(U)SPIO] particles (Resovist, Endorem, Sinerem) was compared. Labeling efficiency with Resovist and Endorem differed significantly between the different stem cells. Labeling with (U)SPIOs in the range that allows detection of cells by in vivo MRI did not affect differentiation of stem cells when labeled with concentrations of particles needed for MRI-based visualization. Finally, we demonstrated that labeled rMAPC could be detected in vivo and that labeling did not interfere with their migration. We conclude that successful use of (U)SPIOs for MRI-based visualization will require assessment of the optimal (U)SPIO for each individual (stem) cell population to ensure the most sensitive detection without associated toxicity.
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Schäfer R. Labeling and Imaging of Stem Cells - Promises and Concerns. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 37:85-89. [PMID: 20737050 DOI: 10.1159/000287271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
For experimental and clinical applications of stem cells cell labeling and tracking is interesting to evaluate cell distribution and homing. Tracking of cells after transplantation can be performed for monitoring the delivery and faith of the graft. Furthermore, imaging techniques are part of the evaluation of the functional effects of cellular therapy in the organism of the host. Therefore, systematic investigations on the development and clinical evaluation of imaging techniques and their possible biological impact on stem cells is an emerging topic of today's applied stem cell research. This article refers to different labeling techniques of stem cells highlighting their promises for clinical use and discussing their possible risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Schäfer
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Tuebingen, Germany
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Strom S. Tracking Cells Without Leaving a Trace. CELL MEDICINE 2010; 1:113-4. [PMID: 27004133 DOI: 10.3727/215517910x557138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Strom
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
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Munoz-Sanjuan I. Glial progenitor cell transplantation and the generation of chimeric animal models with human brain cells: implications for novel therapeutics. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2009; 19:1639-46. [PMID: 19939186 DOI: 10.1517/13543770903443105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential of exogenous stem cell or progenitor cell transplantation as a novel therapeutic strategy to address unmet medical needs is a vast and important area of investigation. A recent US patent has been issued to Goldman from the University of Rochester based on pioneering studies with human fetal and adult-derived glial progenitor cells (GPCs), covering the generation of chimeric mouse/human animals. OBJECTIVE/METHOD In this patent and associated manuscript, extensive chimerism due to grafting of human GPCs is associated with remyelination and functional rescue of mice congenitally deficient in oligodendrocyte survival and myelination, due to a deletion in the myelin basic protein gene (the shiverer mouse). This review highlights the implications of generating human/mouse chimeric animals for the study of human brain physiology, preclinical studies and the clinical application of progenitor cells towards the development of novel therapeutics for the treatment of demyelinating disorders. CONCLUSION The use of GPCs offers promise for remyelination disorders, and the ability of these cells to repopulate the entire rodent nervous system should allow for the investigation of the physiological properties of human glial derivatives in an in vivo context, enhancing the understanding of mechanisms with a primary effect through the modulation of human glial cell biology.
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Park DH, Eve DJ, Musso J, Klasko SK, Cruz E, Borlongan CV, Sanberg PR. Inflammation and Stem Cell Migration to the Injured Brain in Higher Organisms. Stem Cells Dev 2009; 18:693-702. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2009.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hyuk Park
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
- Department of Neurosurgery, Korea University Medical Center, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - David J. Eve
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - James Musso
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | | | - Eduardo Cruz
- Cryopraxis, CellPraxis, BioRio, Pólo de Biotecnologia do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cesario V. Borlongan
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Paul R. Sanberg
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
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