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Ibáñez-Fonseca A, Rico A, Preciado S, González-Pérez F, Muntión S, García-Briñón J, García-Macías MC, Rodríguez-Cabello JC, Pericacho M, Alonso M, Sánchez-Guijo F. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Combined With Elastin-Like Recombinamers Increase Angiogenesis In Vivo After Hindlimb Ischemia. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:918602. [PMID: 35814011 PMCID: PMC9260019 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.918602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Hindlimb ischemia is an unmet medical need, especially for those patients unable to undergo vascular surgery. Cellular therapy, mainly through mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) administration, may be a potentially attractive approach in this setting. In the current work, we aimed to assess the potential of the combination of MSCs with a proangiogenic elastin-like recombinamer (ELR)–based hydrogel in a hindlimb ischemia murine model. Human bone marrow MSCs were isolated from four healthy donors, while ELR biomaterials were genetically engineered. Hindlimb ischemia was induced through ligation of the right femoral artery, and mice were intramuscularly injected with ELR biomaterial, 0.5 × 106 MSCs or the combination, and also compared to untreated animals. Tissue perfusion was monitored using laser Doppler perfusion imaging. Histological analysis of hindlimbs was performed after hematoxylin and eosin staining. Immunofluorescence with anti–human mitochondria antibody was used for human MSC detection, and the biomaterial was detected by elastin staining. To analyze the capillary density, immunostaining with an anti–CD31 antibody was performed. Our results show that the injection of MSCs significantly improves tissue reperfusion from day 7 (p = 0.0044) to day 21 (p = 0.0216), similar to the infusion of MSC + ELR (p = 0.0038, p = 0.0014), without significant differences between both groups. After histological evaluation, ELR hydrogels induced minimal inflammation in the injection sites, showing biocompatibility. MSCs persisted with the biomaterial after 21 days, both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we observed a higher blood vessel density when mice were treated with MSCs compared to control (p<0.0001), but this effect was maximized and significantly different to the remaining experimental conditions when mice were treated with the combination of MSCs and the ELR biomaterial (p < 0.0001). In summary, the combination of an ELR-based hydrogel with MSCs may improve the angiogenic effects of both strategies on revascularization of ischemic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Rico
- Cell Therapy Unit, Hematology Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Silvia Preciado
- Cell Therapy Unit, Hematology Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- RICORS TERAV, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Center, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- *Correspondence: Silvia Preciado,
| | | | - Sandra Muntión
- Cell Therapy Unit, Hematology Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- RICORS TERAV, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Center, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jesús García-Briñón
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - José Carlos Rodríguez-Cabello
- BIOFORGE Lab, University of Valladolid, CIBER-BBN, Valladolid, Spain
- Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Miguel Pericacho
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Renal and Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Matilde Alonso
- BIOFORGE Lab, University of Valladolid, CIBER-BBN, Valladolid, Spain
- Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Fermín Sánchez-Guijo
- Cell Therapy Unit, Hematology Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- RICORS TERAV, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Center, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Woodell-May JE, Tan ML, King WJ, Swift MJ, Welch ZR, Murphy MP, McKale JM. Characterization of the Cellular Output of a Point-of-Care Device and the Implications for Addressing Critical Limb Ischemia. Biores Open Access 2015; 4:417-24. [PMID: 26634187 PMCID: PMC4652191 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2015.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is a terminal disease with high morbidity and healthcare costs due to limb loss. There are no effective medical therapies for patients with CLI to prevent amputation. Cell-based therapies are currently being investigated to address this unmet clinical need and have shown promising preliminary results. The purpose of this study was to characterize the output of a point-of-care cell separator (MarrowStim P.A.D. Kit), currently under investigation for the treatment of CLI, and compare its output with Ficoll-based separation. The outputs of the MarrowStim P.A.D. Kit and Ficoll separation were characterized using an automated hematology analyzer, colony-forming unit (CFU) assays, and tubulogenesis assays. Hematology analysis indicated that the MarrowStim P.A.D. Kit concentrated the total nucleated cells, mononuclear cells, and granulocytes compared with baseline bone marrow aspirate. Cells collected were positive for VEGFR-2, CD3, CD14, CD34, CD45, CD56, CD105, CD117, CD133, and Stro-1 antigen. CFU assays demonstrated that the MarrowStim P.A.D. Kit output a significantly greater number of mesenchymal stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells compared with cells output by Ficoll separation. There was no significant difference in the number of endothelial progenitor cells output by the two separation techniques. Isolated cells from both techniques formed interconnected nodes and microtubules in a three-dimensional cell culture assay. This information, along with data currently being collected in large-scale clinical trials, will help instruct how different cellular fractions may affect the outcomes for CLI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E. Woodell-May
- Biomet Biologics, LLC., A Subsidiary of Biomet, Inc., Warsaw, Indiana
- Address correspondence to: Jennifer E. Woodell-May, PhD, Biomet Biologics, LLC., A subsidiary of Biomet, Inc., 56, East Bell Drive, Warsaw, IN 46581, E-mail:
| | - Matthew L. Tan
- Biomet Biologics, LLC., A Subsidiary of Biomet, Inc., Warsaw, Indiana
| | - William J. King
- Biomet Biologics, LLC., A Subsidiary of Biomet, Inc., Warsaw, Indiana
| | - Matthew J. Swift
- Biomet Biologics, LLC., A Subsidiary of Biomet, Inc., Warsaw, Indiana
| | - Zachary R. Welch
- Biomet Biologics, LLC., A Subsidiary of Biomet, Inc., Warsaw, Indiana
| | - Michael P. Murphy
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - James M. McKale
- Biomet Biologics, LLC., A Subsidiary of Biomet, Inc., Warsaw, Indiana
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3
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Szade A, Grochot-Przeczek A, Florczyk U, Jozkowicz A, Dulak J. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of inflammation-induced angiogenesis. IUBMB Life 2015; 67:145-59. [PMID: 25899846 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Blood vessel formation is a fundamental process for the development of organism and tissue regeneration. Of importance, angiogenesis occurring during postnatal development is usually connected with inflammation. Here, we review how molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying inflammatory reactions regulate angiogenesis. Inflamed tissues are characterized by hypoxic conditions and immune cell infiltration. In this review, we describe an interplay of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), HIF1 and HIF2, as well as NF-κB and nitric oxide in the regulation of angiogenesis. The mobilization of macrophages and the differential role of M1 and M2 macrophage subsets in angiogenesis are also discussed. Next, we present the current knowledge about microRNA regulation of inflammation in the context of new blood vessel formation. Finally, we describe how the mechanisms involved in inflammation influence tumor angiogenesis. We underlay and discuss the role of NF-E2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 pathway as crucial in the regulation of inflammation-induced angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Szade
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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Bongiovanni D, Bassetti B, Gambini E, Gaipa G, Frati G, Achilli F, Scacciatella P, Carbucicchio C, Pompilio G. The CD133+Cell as Advanced Medicinal Product for Myocardial and Limb Ischemia. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:2403-21. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dario Bongiovanni
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Cardiovascular and Thoracic Diseases Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Beatrice Bassetti
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Gambini
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gaipa
- Laboratorio Interdipartimentale di Terapia Cellulare Stefano Verri, Azienda Ospedaliera San Gerardo, Monza, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
- Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS NeuroMed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Felice Achilli
- Department of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliera San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Paolo Scacciatella
- Cardiovascular and Thoracic Diseases Department, Azienda Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Corrado Carbucicchio
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Centre, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Community Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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Monocytes are essential for the neuroprotective effect of human cord blood cells following middle cerebral artery occlusion in rat. Mol Cell Neurosci 2014; 59:76-84. [PMID: 24472845 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic administration of human umbilical cord blood (HUCB) mononuclear cells (MNC) following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in the rat reduces infarct size and, more importantly, restores motor function. The HUCB cell preparation is composed of immature T-cells, B-cells, monocytes and stem cells. In this study we examined whether the beneficial effects of HUCB injection were attributable to one of these cell types. Male Sprague Dawley rats underwent permanent MCAO followed 48 h later by intravenous administration of HUCB MNC preparations depleted of either CD14(+) monocytes, CD133(+) stem cells, CD2(+) T-cells or CD19(+) B cells. Motor function was measured prior to MCAO and 30 days post-stroke. When CD14(+) monocytes were depleted from the HUCB MNC, activity and motor asymmetry were similar to the MCAO only treated animals. Monocyte depletion prevented HUCB cell treatment from reducing infarct size while monocyte enrichment was sufficient to reduce infarct size. Administration of monocyte-depleted HUCB cells did not suppress Iba1 labeling of microglia in the infarcted area relative to treatment with the whole HUCB preparation. These data demonstrate that the HUCB monocytes provide the majority of the efficacy in reducing infarct volume and promoting functional recovery.
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Kawamoto T, Sasajima J, Sugiyama Y, Nakamura K, Tanabe H, Fujiya M, Nata T, Iuchi Y, Ashida T, Torimoto Y, Mizukami Y, Kohgo Y. Ex vivo activation of angiogenic property in human peripheral blood-derived monocytes by thrombopoietin. Int J Hematol 2013; 98:417-29. [DOI: 10.1007/s12185-013-1423-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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González-Garza MT, Martínez HR, Caro-Osorio E, Cruz-Vega DE, Hernández-Torre M, Moreno-Cuevas JE. Differentiation of CD133+ stem cells from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients into preneuron cells. Stem Cells Transl Med 2013; 2:129-35. [PMID: 23341441 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2012-0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Improvements in quality of life and life expectancy have been observed in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients transplanted with CD133(+) stem cells into their frontal motor cortices. However, questions have emerged about the capacity of cells from these patients to engraft and differentiate into neurons. The objective of this work was to evaluate the in vitro capacity of CD133(+) stem cells from 13 ALS patients to differentiate into neuron lineage. Stem cells were obtained through leukapheresis and cultured in a control medium or a neuroinduction medium for 2-48 hours. Expression of neuronal genes was analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemical techniques. Fluorescence microscopy demonstrated that CD133(+) stem cells from ALS patients incubated for 48 hours in a neuroinduction medium increased the detection of neuronal proteins such as nestin, β-tubulin III, neuronal-specific enolase, and glial fibrillary acidic protein. RT-PCR assays demonstrated an increase in the expression of β-tubulin III, nestin, Olig2, Islet-1, Hb9, and Nkx6.1. No correlation was found between age, sex, or ALS functional scale and the CD133(+) stem cell response to the neuroinduction medium. We conclude that CD133(+) stem cells from ALS patients, like the stem cells of healthy subjects, are capable of differentiating into preneuron cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa González-Garza
- Cell Therapy Service, Centro de Inovacion y Transferencia en Salud (CITES), Tecnológico de Monterrey, Mexico.
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Kawakami Y, Ii M, Alev C, Kawamoto A, Matsumoto T, Kuroda R, Shoji T, Fukui T, Masuda H, Akimaru H, Mifune Y, Kuroda T, Horii M, Yokoyama A, Kurosaka M, Asahara T. Local Transplantation of Ex Vivo Expanded Bone Marrow-Derived CD34-Positive Cells Accelerates Fracture Healing. Cell Transplant 2012; 21:2689-709. [DOI: 10.3727/096368912x654920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of bone marrow (BM) CD34+ cells, an endothelial/hematopoietic progenitor-enriched cell population, has shown therapeutic efficiency in the treatment of ischemic diseases enhancing neovascularization. However, the number of CD34+ cells obtained from bone marrow is not sufficient for routine clinical application. To overcome this issue, we developed a more efficient and clinically applicable CD34+ cell expansion method. Seven-day ex vivo expansion culture of BM CD34+ cells with a cocktail of five growth factors containing VEGF, SCF, IL-6, Flt-3 ligand, and TPO resulted in reproducible more than 20-fold increase in cell number. The favorable effect of the local transplantation of culture expanded (cEx)-BM CD34+ cells on rat unhealing fractures was equivalent or higher than that of nonexpanded (fresh) BM CD34+ cells exhibiting sufficient therapeutic outcome with frequent vasculogenic/osteogenic differentiation of transplanted cEx-BM CD34+ cells and fresh BM CD34+ cells as well as intrinsic enhancement of angiogenesis/osteogenesis at the treated fracture sites. Specifically, cEx-BM CD34+ cell treatment demonstrated the best blood flow recovery at fracture sites compared with the nonexpanded BM CD34+ cells. In vitro, cEx-BM CD34+ cells showed higher colony/tube-forming capacity than nonexpanded BM CD34+ cells. Both cells demonstrated differentiation potential into osteoblasts. Since fresh BM CD34+ cells can be easily collected from fracture sites at the time of primary operation and stored for future use, autologous cEx-BM CD34+ cell transplantation would be not only a simple but also a promising therapeutic strategy for unhealing fractures in the field of orthopedic trauma surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Kawakami
- Group of Vascular Regeneration, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Ii
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Cantas Alev
- Group of Vascular Regeneration, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Laboratory for Early Embryogenesis, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Kawamoto
- Group of Vascular Regeneration, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Matsumoto
- Group of Vascular Regeneration, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kuroda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Taro Shoji
- Group of Vascular Regeneration, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Fukui
- Group of Vascular Regeneration, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Haruchika Masuda
- Department of Regenerative Medicine Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Akimaru
- Group of Vascular Regeneration, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Mifune
- Group of Vascular Regeneration, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kuroda
- Group of Vascular Regeneration, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Miki Horii
- Group of Vascular Regeneration, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Ayumi Yokoyama
- Group of Vascular Regeneration, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kurosaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Asahara
- Group of Vascular Regeneration, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Regenerative Medicine Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
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Barclay GR, Tura O, Samuel K, Hadoke PW, Mills NL, Newby DE, Turner ML. Systematic assessment in an animal model of the angiogenic potential of different human cell sources for therapeutic revascularization. Stem Cell Res Ther 2012; 3:23. [PMID: 22759659 PMCID: PMC3580461 DOI: 10.1186/scrt114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) capable of initiating or augmenting vascular growth were recently identified within the small population of CD34-expressing cells that circulate in human peripheral blood and which are considered hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC). Soon thereafter human HPC began to be used in clinical trials as putative sources of EPC for therapeutic vascular regeneration, especially in myocardial and critical limb ischemias. However, unlike HPC where hematopoietic efficacy is related quantitatively to CD34+ cell numbers implanted, there has been no consensus on how to measure EPC or how to assess cellular graft potency for vascular regeneration. We employed an animal model of spontaneous neovascularization to simultaneously determine whether human cells incorporate into new vessels and to quantify the effect of different putative angiogenic cells on vascularization in terms of number of vessels generated. We systematically compared competence for therapeutic angiogenesis in different sources of human cells with putative angiogenic potential, to begin to provide some rationale for optimising cell procurement for this therapy. METHODS Human cells employed were mononuclear cells from normal peripheral blood and HPC-rich cell sources (umbilical cord blood, mobilized peripheral blood, bone marrow), CD34+ enriched or depleted subsets of these, and outgrowth cell populations from these. An established sponge implant angiogenesis model was adapted to determine the effects of different human cells on vascularization of implants in immunodeficient mice. Angiogenesis was quantified by vessel density and species of origin by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS CD34+ cells from mobilized peripheral blood or umbilical cord blood HPC were the only cells to promote new vessel growth, but did not incorporate into vessels. Only endothelial outgrowth cells (EOC) incorporated into vessels, but these did not promote vessel growth. CONCLUSIONS These studies indicate that, since EPC are very rare, any benefit seen in clinical trials of HPC in therapeutic vascular regeneration is predominantly mediated by indirect proangiogenic effects rather than through direct incorporation of any rare EPC contained within these sources. It should be possible to produce autologous EOC for therapeutic use, and evaluate the effect of EPC distinct from, or in synergy with, the proangiogenic effects of HPC therapies.
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El Assar M, Angulo J, Vallejo S, Peiró C, Sánchez-Ferrer CF, Rodríguez-Mañas L. Mechanisms involved in the aging-induced vascular dysfunction. Front Physiol 2012; 3:132. [PMID: 22783194 PMCID: PMC3361078 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular aging is a key process determining health status of aged population. Aging is an independent cardiovascular risk factor associated to an impairment of endothelial function, which is a very early and important event leading to cardiovascular disease. Vascular aging, formerly being considered an immutable and inexorable risk factor, is now viewed as a target process for intervention in order to achieve a healthier old age. A further knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the age-related vascular dysfunction is required to design an adequate therapeutic strategy to prevent or restore this impairment of vascular functionality. Among the proposed mechanisms that contribute to age-dependent endothelial dysfunction, this review is focused on the following aspects occurring into the vascular wall: (1) the reduction of nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, caused by diminished NO synthesis and/or by augmented NO scavenging due to oxidative stress, leading to peroxynitrite formation (ONOO(-)); (2) the possible sources involved in the enhancement of oxidative stress; (3) the increased activity of vasoconstrictor factors; and (4) the development of a low-grade pro-inflammatory environment. Synergisms and interactions between all these pathways are also analyzed. Finally, a brief summary of some cellular mechanisms related to endothelial cell senescence (including telomere and telomerase, stress-induced senescence, as well as sirtuins) are implemented, as they are likely involved in the age-dependent endothelial dysfunction, as well as in the lower vascular repairing capacity observed in the elderly. Prevention or reversion of those mechanisms leading to endothelial dysfunction through life style modifications or pharmacological interventions could markedly improve cardiovascular health in older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam El Assar
- Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Universitario de Getafe Madrid, Spain
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11
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Fukui T, Matsumoto T, Mifune Y, Shoji T, Kuroda T, Kawakami Y, Kawamoto A, Ii M, Kawamata S, Kurosaka M, Asahara T, Kuroda R. Local Transplantation of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor-Mobilized Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells for Unhealing Bone Fractures. Cell Transplant 2012. [DOI: 10.3727/096368911x582769a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported the therapeutic potential of human peripheral blood (hPB) CD34+ cells for bone fracture healing via vasculogenesis/angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Transplantation of not only hPB CD34+ cells but also hPB total mononuclear cells (MNCs) has shown their therapeutic efficiency for enhancing ischemic neovascularization. Compared with transplantation of purified hPB CD34+ cells, transplantation of hPB MNCs is more attractive due to its simple method of cell isolation and inexpensive cost performance in the clinical setting. Thus, in this report, we attempted to test a hypothesis that granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-mobilized (GM) hPB MNC transplantation could also contribute to fracture healing via vasculogenesis/angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Nude rats with unhealing fractures received local administration of the following materials with atelocollagen: 1 × 107 GM hPB MNCs (Hi group), 1 × 106 GM hPB MNCs (Lo group), or PBS (PBS group). Immunohistochemistry and real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) demonstrated human cell-derived vasculogenesis and osteogenesis in the Hi and Lo groups, but not in the PBS group at week 1. Intrinsic angiogenesis and osteogenesis assessed by rat capillary, osteoblast density, and real-time RT-PCR analysis was significantly enhanced in the Hi group compared to the other groups. Blood flow assessment by laser doppler perfusion imaging showed a significantly higher blood flow ratio at week 1 in the Hi group compared with the other groups. Morphological fracture healing was radiographically and histologically confirmed in about 30% of animals in the Hi group at week 8, whereas all animals in the other groups resulted in nonunion. Local transplantation of GM hPB MNCs contributes to fracture healing via vasculogenesis/angiogenesis and osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Fukui
- Group of Vascular Regeneration, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Matsumoto
- Group of Vascular Regeneration, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Mifune
- Group of Vascular Regeneration, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Taro Shoji
- Group of Vascular Regeneration, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kuroda
- Group of Vascular Regeneration, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yohei Kawakami
- Group of Vascular Regeneration, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Kawamoto
- Group of Vascular Regeneration, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Ii
- Group of Vascular Regeneration, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shin Kawamata
- Stem Cell Bank Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kurosaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Asahara
- Group of Vascular Regeneration, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Regenerative Medicine Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kuroda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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Ruiz-Salmeron R, De La Cuesta-Diaz A, Constantino-Bermejo M, Pérez-Camacho I, Marcos-Sánchez F, Hmadcha A, Soria B. Angiographic Demonstration of Neoangiogenesis after Intra-arterial Infusion of Autologous Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells in Diabetic Patients with Critical Limb Ischemia. Cell Transplant 2011; 20:1629-39. [DOI: 10.3727/096368910x0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Critical limb ischemia in diabetic patients is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Suboptimal responses to the available medical and surgical treatments are common in these patients, who also demonstrate limited vascular homeostasis. Neovasculogenesis induced by stem cell therapy could be a useful approach for these patients. Neovasculogenesis and clinical improvement were compared at baseline and at 3 and 12 months after autologous bone marrow-derived mononuclear cell (BMMNC) transplantation in diabetic patients with peripheral artery disease. We conducted a prospective study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of intra-arterial administration of autologous BMMNCs (100–400 × 106 cells) in 20 diabetic patients with severe below-the-knee arterial ischemia. Although the time course of clinical effects differed among patients, after 12 months of follow-up all patients presented a notable improvement in the Rutherford-Becker classification, the University of Texas diabetic wound scales, and the Ankle-Brachial Index in the target limb. The clinical outcome was consistent with neovasculogenesis, which was assessed at 3 months by digital subtraction angiography and quantified by MetaMorph software. Unfortunately, local cell therapy in the target limb had no beneficial effect on the high mortality rate in these patients. In diabetic patients with critical limb ischemia, intra-arterial perfusion of BMMNCs is a safe procedure that generates a significant increase in the vascular network in ischemic areas and promotes remarkable clinical improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Abdelkrim Hmadcha
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), Sevilla, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bernat Soria
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), Sevilla, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Chronic ischemic heart disease patients are already being treated worldwide with bone marrow stem cells both in the context of clinical studies and in therapy trials. By combining this therapy with established revascularization procedures such as bypass surgery, a high level of patient safety can be achieved. To date, no stem cell-related cardiac complications following intramyocardial injection of bone marrow-derived stem cells during CABG (coronary artery bypass graft) surgery have been reported. The functional advantage conferred by surgical bone marrow stem cell therapy is a 7.2% increase in LVEF (left ventricular ejection fraction) compared to controls. Randomized placebo-controlled trials, like the German trial PERFECT, are needed to obtain a more evidence-based assessment of this therapy.
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Aranguren XL, Pelacho B, Peñuelas I, Abizanda G, Uriz M, Ecay M, Collantaes M, Araña M, Beerens M, Coppiello G, Prieto I, Perez-Ilzarbe M, Andreu EJ, Luttun A, Prósper F. MAPC transplantation confers a more durable benefit than AC133+ cell transplantation in severe hind limb ischemia. Cell Transplant 2010; 20:259-69. [PMID: 20719064 DOI: 10.3727/096368910x516592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a need for comparative studies to determine which cell types are better candidates to remedy ischemia. Here, we compared human AC133(+) cells and multipotent adult progenitor cells (hMAPC) in a mouse model reminiscent of critical limb ischemia. hMAPC or hAC133(+) cell transplantation induced a significant improvement in tissue perfusion (measured by microPET) 15 days posttransplantation compared to controls. This improvement persisted for 30 days in hMAPC-treated but not in hAC133(+)-injected animals. While transplantation of hAC133(+) cells promoted capillary growth, hMAPC transplantation also induced collateral expansion, decreased muscle necrosis/fibrosis, and improved muscle regeneration. Incorporation of differentiated hAC133(+) or hMAPC progeny into new vessels was limited; however, a paracrine angio/arteriogenic effect was demonstrated in animals treated with hMAPC. Accordingly, hMAPC-conditioned, but not hAC133(+)-conditioned, media stimulated vascular cell proliferation and prevented myoblast, endothelial, and smooth muscle cell apoptosis in vitro. Our study suggests that although hAC133(+) cell and hMAPC transplantation both contribute to vascular regeneration in ischemic limbs, hMAPC exert a more robust effect through trophic mechanisms, which translated into collateral and muscle fiber regeneration. This, in turn, conferred tissue protection and regeneration with longer term functional improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xabier L Aranguren
- Hematology Service and Cell Therapy, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Division of Cancer, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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