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Chien CS, Chen YH, Chen HL, Wang CP, Wu SH, Ho SL, Huang WC, Yu CH, Chang MH. Cells responsible for liver mass regeneration in rats with 2-acetylaminofluorene/partial hepatectomy injury. J Biomed Sci 2018; 25:39. [PMID: 29695258 PMCID: PMC5937839 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-018-0441-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Whether hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs)/oval cells regenerate liver mass upon chronic liver injury is controversial in mice and has not been conclusively proven in humans and rats. In this study, we examined which cell type—hepatocytes or oval cells—mediates liver regeneration in the classic rat 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF)/partial hepatectomy (PH) injury where AAF reversibly blocks hepatocyte proliferation, thereby inducing oval cell expansion after the regenerative stimulus of PH. Methods We employed lineage tracing of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV, a hepatocyte canalicular enzyme)-positive hepatocytes by subjecting rats with DPPIV-chimeric livers to AAF/PH, AAF/PH/AAF (continuous AAF after AAF/PH to nonselectively inhibit regenerating hepatocytes), or AAF/PH/retrorsine injury (2-dose retrorsine after AAF/PH to specifically and irreversibly block existing hepatocytes); through these methods, we determined hepatocyte contribution to liver regeneration. To determine the oval cell contribution to hepatocyte regeneration, we performed DPPIV(+) oval cell transplantation combined with AAF/PH injury or AAF/PH/retrorsine injury in DPPIV-deficient rats to track the fate of DPPIV(+) oval cells. Results DPPIV-chimeric livers demonstrated typical oval cell activation upon AAF/PH injury. After cessation of AAF, DPPIV(+) hepatocytes underwent extensive proliferation to regenerate the liver mass, whereas oval cells underwent hepatocyte differentiation. Upon AAF/PH/AAF injury where hepatocyte proliferation was inhibited by continuous AAF treatment following AAF/PH, oval cells extensively expanded in an undifferentiated state but did not produce hepatocytes. By substituting retrorsine for AAF administration following AAF/PH (AAF/PH/retrorsine), oval cells regenerated large-scale hepatocytes. Conclusions Hepatocyte self-replication provides the majority of hepatocyte regeneration, with supplementary contribution from oval cells in rats under AAF/PH injury. Oval cells expand and maintain in an undifferentiated state upon continuously nonselective liver injury, whereas they can significantly regenerate hepatocytes in a noncompetitive environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Sung Chien
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation. No.289, Jianguo Rd., Xindian Dist, New Taipei City, 23142, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University . No.7, Chung Shan South Rd., Zhongzheng Dist, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hui Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation. No.289, Jianguo Rd., Xindian Dist, New Taipei City, 23142, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University . No.7, Chung Shan South Rd., Zhongzheng Dist, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan.,Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital. No.1, Changde St., Zhongzheng Dist, Taipei, 10048, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ling Chen
- Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital. No.1, Changde St., Zhongzheng Dist, Taipei, 10048, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Ping Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation. No.289, Jianguo Rd., Xindian Dist, New Taipei City, 23142, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Hsin Wu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University . No.7, Chung Shan South Rd., Zhongzheng Dist, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Li Ho
- Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital. No.1, Changde St., Zhongzheng Dist, Taipei, 10048, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Cheng Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation. No.289, Jianguo Rd., Xindian Dist, New Taipei City, 23142, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsien Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation. No.289, Jianguo Rd., Xindian Dist, New Taipei City, 23142, Taiwan. .,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, No.701, Sec. 3, Zhongyang Rd, Hualien, 97004, Taiwan.
| | - Mei-Hwei Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University . No.7, Chung Shan South Rd., Zhongzheng Dist, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan.,Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital. No.1, Changde St., Zhongzheng Dist, Taipei, 10048, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University. No.8, Chung Shan South Rd., Zhongzheng Dist, Taipei, 10041, Taiwan
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Ding Y, Chang C, Niu Z, Dai K, Geng X, Li D, Guo J, Xu C. Overexpression of transcription factor Foxa2 and Hnf1α induced rat bone mesenchymal stem cells into hepatocytes. Cytotechnology 2016; 68:2037-47. [PMID: 26797779 PMCID: PMC5023577 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-016-9944-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocytes differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells and adult stem cells could be utilized as a tool for the study of liver diseases, screening for drug metabolism and hepatotoxicity. Thus further investigation of the method to efficiently generate hepatocytes is in great need. Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSCs) were collected from rat femurs and tibias. FOXA2 and HNF1α genes were constructed into a lentiviral vector and introduced into BMSCs by a lentivirus-mediated overexpression system. Three weeks after the induction, the expressions of FOXA2 and HNF1α, and liver specific genes were analyzed, and hepatocyte-function related assays were performed. Overexpression of both FOXA2 and HNF1α induced the BMSCs to differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs). Hepatocyte-specific gene and protein were detected by RT-PCR, Western Blot and Immunofluorescence. These HLCs also exerted some typical hepatocyte functions such as glycogen storage, indocyanine green absorption and lipid accumulation. The combination of FOXA2 and HNF1α can effectively induce BMSCs to differentiate into HLCs. This is a novel and efficient method to prepare HLCs within a short timeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ding
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan Province, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation and Henan Bioengineering Key Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan Province, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioengineering and Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
| | - Cuifang Chang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan Province, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation and Henan Bioengineering Key Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan Province, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioengineering and Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhipeng Niu
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan Province, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation and Henan Bioengineering Key Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan Province, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioengineering and Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
| | - Keqiang Dai
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan Province, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation and Henan Bioengineering Key Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan Province, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioengineering and Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiaofang Geng
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan Province, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioengineering and Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
| | - Deming Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan Province, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation and Henan Bioengineering Key Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan Province, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioengineering and Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jianlin Guo
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan Province, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation and Henan Bioengineering Key Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan Province, China
- Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioengineering and Drug Development, Xinxiang, China
| | - Cunshuan Xu
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan Province, China.
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Cell Differentiation Regulation and Henan Bioengineering Key Laboratory, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan Province, China.
- Henan Engineering Laboratory for Bioengineering and Drug Development, Xinxiang, China.
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Rohn S, Schroeder J, Riedel H, Polenz D, Stanko K, Reutzel-Selke A, Tang P, Brusendorf L, Raschzok N, Neuhaus P, Pratschke J, Sawitzki B, Sauer IM, Mogl MT. Allogeneic Liver Transplantation and Subsequent Syngeneic Hepatocyte Transplantation in a Rat Model: Proof of Concept for in vivo Tissue Engineering. Cells Tissues Organs 2016; 201:399-411. [DOI: 10.1159/000445792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Stable long-term functioning of liver cells after transplantation in humans is still not achieved successfully. A new approach for successful engraftment of liver cells may be the transplantation of syngeneic cells into an allogeneic liver graft. We therefore developed a new rat model for combined liver and liver cell transplantation (cLCTx) under stable immunosuppression. Materials and Methods: After inducing a mitotic block, liver grafts from female donor rats (Dark Agouti) were transplanted into female recipients (Lewis). In male Lewis rats, liver cell proliferation was induced with subsequent cell isolation and transplantation into female recipients after organ transplantation. Y-chromosome detection of the transplanted male cells was performed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FisH) with localization of transplanted cells by immunohistochemistry. Results: Immunohistochemistry demonstrated the engraftment of transplanted cells, as confirmed by FisH, showing repopulation of the liver graft with 15.6% male cells (± 1.8 SEM) at day 90. qPCR revealed 14.15% (± 5.09 SEM) male DNA at day 90. Conclusion: Engraftment of transplanted syngeneic cells after cLCTx was achieved for up to 90 days under immunosuppression. Immunohistochemistry indicated cell proliferation, and the FisH results were partly confirmed by qPCR. This new protocol in rats appears feasible for addressing long-term functioning and eventually the induction of operational tolerance in the future.
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Chen YH, Chen HL, Chien CS, Wu SH, Ho YT, Yu CH, Chang MH. Contribution of Mature Hepatocytes to Biliary Regeneration in Rats with Acute and Chronic Biliary Injury. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134327. [PMID: 26308208 PMCID: PMC4550468 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether hepatocytes can convert into biliary epithelial cells (BECs) during biliary injury is much debated. To test this concept, we traced the fate of genetically labeled [dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV)-positive] hepatocytes in hepatocyte transplantation model following acute hepato-biliary injury induced by 4,4’-methylene-dianiline (DAPM) and D-galactosamine (DAPM+D-gal) and in DPPIV-chimeric liver model subjected to acute (DAPM+D-gal) or chronic biliary injury caused by DAPM and bile duct ligation (DAPM+BDL). In both models before biliary injury, BECs are uniformly DPPIV-deficient and proliferation of DPPIV-deficient hepatocytes is restricted by retrorsine. We found that mature hepatocytes underwent a stepwise conversion into BECs after biliary injury. In the hepatocyte transplantation model, DPPIV-positive hepatocytes entrapped periportally proliferated, and formed two-layered plates along portal veins. Within the two-layered plates, the hepatocytes gradually lost their hepatocytic identity, proceeded through an intermediate state, acquired a biliary phenotype, and subsequently formed bile ducts along the hilum-to-periphery axis. In DPPIV-chimeric liver model, periportal hepatocytes expressing hepatocyte nuclear factor-1β (HNF-1β) were exclusively DPPIV-positive and were in continuity to DPPIV-positives bile ducts. Inhibition of hepatocyte proliferation by additional doses of retrorsine in DPPIV-chimeric livers prevented the appearance of DPPIV-positive BECs after biliary injury. Moreover, enriched DPPIV-positive BEC/hepatic oval cell transplantation produced DPPIV-positive BECs or bile ducts in unexpectedly low frequency and in mid-lobular regions. These results together suggest that mature hepatocytes but not contaminating BECs/hepatic oval cells are the sources of periportal DPPIV-positive BECs. We conclude that mature hepatocytes contribute to biliary regeneration in the environment of acute and chronic biliary injury through a ductal plate configuration without the need of exogenously genetic or epigenetic manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hui Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu-Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzuchi Medical Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Buddhist Tzu-Chi University College of Medicine, Hualien, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ling Chen
- Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Sung Chien
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Hsin Wu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tian Ho
- Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsien Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu-Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzuchi Medical Foundation, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Buddhist Tzu-Chi University College of Medicine, Hualien, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (MHC); (CHY)
| | - Mei-Hwei Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (MHC); (CHY)
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Chen HL, Chen HL, Yuan RH, Wu SH, Chen YH, Chien CS, Chou SP, Wang R, Ling V, Chang MH. Hepatocyte transplantation in bile salt export pump-deficient mice: selective growth advantage of donor hepatocytes under bile acid stress. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 16:2679-89. [PMID: 22564513 PMCID: PMC4118236 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2012.01586.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The bile salt export pump (Bsep) mediates the hepatic excretion of bile acids, and its deficiency causes progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis. The current study aimed to induce bile acid stress in Bsep−/− mice and to test the efficacy of hepatocyte transplantation in this disease model. We fed Bsep−/− and wild-type mice cholic acid (CA) or ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). Both CA and UDCA caused cholestasis and apoptosis in the Bsep−/− mouse liver. Wild-type mice had minimal liver injury and apoptosis when fed CA or UDCA, yet had increased proliferative activity. On the basis of the differential cytotoxicity of bile acids on the livers of wild-type and Bsep−/− mice, we transplanted wild-type hepatocytes into the liver of Bsep−/− mice fed CA or CA + UDCA. After 1–6 weeks, the donor cell repopulation and canalicular Bsep distribution were documented. An improved repopulation efficiency in the CA + UDCA-supplemented group was found at 2 weeks (4.76 ± 5.93% vs. 1.32 ± 1.48%, P = 0.0026) and at 4–6 weeks (12.09 ± 14.67% vs. 1.55 ± 1.28%, P < 0.001) compared with the CA-supplemented group. Normal-appearing hepatocytes with prominent nuclear staining for FXR were noted in the repopulated donor nodules. After hepatocyte transplantation, biliary total bile acids increased from 24% to 82% of the wild-type levels, among which trihydroxylated bile acids increased from 41% to 79% in the Bsep−/− mice. We conclude that bile acid stress triggers differential injury responses in the Bsep−/− and wild-type hepatocytes. This strategy changed the balance of the donor–recipient growth capacities and was critical for successful donor repopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey-Ling Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chen YH, Chang MH, Chien CS, Wu SH, Yu CH, Chen HL. Contribution of mature hepatocytes to small hepatocyte-like progenitor cells in retrorsine-exposed rats with chimeric livers. Hepatology 2013; 57:1215-24. [PMID: 23080021 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The potential lineage relationship between hepatic oval cells, small hepatocyte-like progenitor cells (SHPCs), and hepatocytes in liver regeneration is debated. To test whether mature hepatocytes can give rise to SHPCs, rats with dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) chimeric livers, which harbored endogenous DPPIV-deficient hepatocytes and transplanted DPPIV-positive hepatocytes, were subjected to retrorsine treatment followed by partial hepatectomy (PH). DPPIV-positive hepatocytes comprised about half of the DPPIV chimeric liver mass. Tissues from DPPIV chimeric livers after retrorsine/PH treatment showed large numbers of SHPC clusters. None of the SHPC clusters were stained positive for DPPIV in any analyzed samples. Furthermore, serial sections stained for gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase (GGT, a marker of fetal hepatoblasts) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase, a marker of mature hepatocytes) showed inverse expression of the two enzymes and a staining pattern consistent with a lineage that begins with GGT(+)/G6Pase(-) to GGT(-)/G6Pase(+) within a single SHPC cluster. Using double immunofluorescence staining for markers specific for hepatic oval cells and hepatocytes in serial sections, oval cell proliferations with CK-19(+)/laminin(+) and OV-6(+)/C/EBP-α(-) were shown to extend from periportal areas into the SPHC clusters, differentiating into hepatic lineage by progressive loss of CK-19/laminin expression and appearance of C/EBP-α expression towards the cluster side. Cells in the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM(+)) SHPC clusters showed membranous EpCAM(+)/HNF-4α(+) (hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α) staining and were contiguous to the surrounding cytoplasmic EpCAM(+)/HNF-4α(-) ductular oval cells. Extensive elimination of oval cell response by repeated administration of 4,4'-methylenedianiline (DAPM) to retrorsine-exposed rats impaired the emergence of SHPC clusters. CONCLUSION These findings highly suggest the hepatic oval cells but not mature hepatocytes as the origin of SHPC clusters in retrorsine-exposed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hui Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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Wan Z, Zhang XG, Liu ZW, Lv Y. Therapeutic liver repopulation for metabolic liver diseases: Advances from bench to bedside. Hepatol Res 2013; 43:122-30. [PMID: 22971121 DOI: 10.1111/j.1872-034x.2012.01081.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic liver diseases are characterized by inherited defects in hepatic enzymes or other proteins with metabolic functions. Therapeutic liver repopulation (TLR), an approach of massive liver replacement by transplanted normal hepatocytes, could be used to provide the missing metabolic function elegantly. However, partial and transient correction of the underlying metabolic defects due to very few integrated donor cell mass remains the major obstacle for the effective and widespread use of this approach. Little engraftment and proliferation insufficiency lead to the poor outcome. This article reviews the advances in the mechanisms of initial engraftment and selective proliferation and suggests some effective treatment strategies, from pharmacological preconditioning to stem cell transplantation, to optimize liver repopulation with liver cell transplantation. Enhancing cell viability and plating efficiency, increasing sinusoidal spaces, regulation of sinusoidal endothelial cell barrier and controlling inflammatory reaction may promote initial cell engraftment. Liver-directed irradiation, reversible portal vein embolization and fetal liver stem/progenitor cell transplantation induce preferential proliferation of donor cells substantially without severe side-effects. Furthermore, it seems better to use combined approaches to achieve a high level of liver repopulation for the management of metabolic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wan
- Hepatobiliary Surgery; Institute of Advanced Surgical Techniques and Tissue Engineering Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Chen L, Chen D, Xi H, Wang Q, Liu Y, Zhang F, Wang H, Ren Y, Xiao J, Wang Y, Huang H. Olfactory ensheathing cell neurorestorotherapy for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients: benefits from multiple transplantations. Cell Transplant 2012; 21 Suppl 1:S65-77. [PMID: 22507682 DOI: 10.3727/096368912x633789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous series of studies have proven that olfactory ensheathing cell (OEC) transplantation appears to be able to slow the rate of clinical progression after OEC transplantation in the first 4 months and cell intracranial (key points for neural network restoration, KPNNR) and/or intraspinal (impaired segments) implants provide benefit for patients (including both the bulbar onset and limb onset subtypes) with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Here we report the results of cell therapy in patients with ALS on the basis of long-term observation following multiple transplants. From March of 2003 to January of 2010, 507 ALS patients received our cellular treatment. Among them, 42 patients underwent further OEC therapy by the route of KPNNR for two or more times (two times in 35 patients, three times in 5 patients, four times in 1 patient, and five times in 1 patient). The time intervals are 13.1 (6-60) months between the first therapy and the second one, 15.2 (8-24) months between the second therapy and the third one, 16 (6-26) months between the third therapy and the fourth one, and 9 months between the fourth therapy and the fifth time. All of the patients exhibited partial neurological functional recovery after each cell-based administration. Firstly, the scores of the ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALS-FRS) and ALS Norris Scale increased by 2.6 + 2.4 (0-8) and 4.9 + 5.2 (0-20) after the first treatment, 1.1 + 1.3 (0-5) and 2.3 + 2.9 (0-13) after the second treatment, 1.1 + 1.5 (0-4), and 3.4 + 6.9 (0-19) after the third treatment, 0.0 + 0.0 (0-0), and 2.5 + 3.5 (0-5) after the fourth treatment, and 1 point after the fifth cellular therapy, which were evaluated by independent neurologists. Secondly, the majority of patients have achieved improvement in electromyogram (EMG) assessments after the first, second, third, and fourth cell transplantation. After the first treatment, among the 42 patients, 36 (85.7%) patients' EMG test results improved, the remaining 6 (14.3%) patients' EMG results showed no remarkable change. After the second treatment, of the 42 patients, 30 (71.4%) patients' EMG results improved, 11 (26.2%) patients showed no remarkable change, and 1 (2.4%) patient became worse. After the third treatment, out of the 7 patients, 4 (57.1%) patients improved, while the remaining 3 (42.9%) patients showed no change. Thirdly, the patients have partially recovered their breathing ability as demonstrated by pulmonary functional tests. After the first treatment, 20 (47.6%) patients' pulmonary function ameliorated. After the second treatment, 18 (42.9%) patients' pulmonary function improved. After the third treatment, 2 (28.6%) patients recovered some pulmonary function. After the fourth and fifth treatment, patients' pulmonary function did not reveal significant change. The results show that multiple doses of cellular therapy definitely serve as a positive role in the treatment of ALS. This repeated and periodic cell-based therapy is strongly recommended for the patients, for better controlling this progressive deterioration disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Center for Neurorestoratology, Beijing Rehabilitation Center, Beijing, P.R. China
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Enosawa S, Yamazaki T, Kohsaka H, Tokiwa T. Repopulation of Human Origin Hepatocyte Progenitor-Like Cell Line, THLE-5b, in the SCID Mouse Liver under p21-Mediated Cell Growth-Arresting Conditions. Cell Transplant 2012; 21:447-52. [DOI: 10.3727/096368911x605358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vivo repopulation of hepatocytes depends on donor cell growth potential and recipient conditioning. We herein demonstrate the successful cell transplantation of a human hepatocyte cell line, THLE-5b, into the SCID mouse liver by means of a rather mild conditioning using a 55% hepatectomy and p21 transfection. Adult human liver-derived cells, THLE-5b, are SV40 T antigen-immortalized epithelial cells. A phenotypic examination of THLE-5b showed they expressed hepatic stem cell markers such as EpCAM, OCT3/4, and Thy-1, thus indicating the immature nature of the cells. A three-dimensional aggregate culture of THLE-5b showed a higher expression level of liver-specific genes such as albumin, α1-antitrypsin, and CYP3A4, thus suggesting that THLE-5b possess the capability to differentiate into hepatocytes. In a cell transplantation experiment, the cell cycle regulator p21 was transfected with adenoviral vector into the SCID mouse liver. On the next day, 8 × 105 cells of GFP-transfected THLE-5b were injected intrasplenically, together with the intraperitoneal administration of anti-asialo GM1 antibodies. The following day, a partial hepatectomy was performed. The GFP-THLE-5b cells were observed to have migrated and become integrated into the liver parenchyma 14 days after transplantation. The present protocol is thus considered to be a novel experimental model to elucidate the mechanism of hepatocyte repopulation and to develop efficient stem cell therapy in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Enosawa
- Division for Advanced Medical Services, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taisuke Yamazaki
- Department of Liver Cell Biology, Kohno Clinical Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kohsaka
- Department of Medicine and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Tokiwa
- Department of Liver Cell Biology, Kohno Clinical Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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