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Hassanpour M, Salybkov AA, Kobayashi S, Asahara T. Anti-inflammatory Prowess of endothelial progenitor cells in the realm of biology and medicine. NPJ Regen Med 2024; 9:27. [PMID: 39349482 PMCID: PMC11442670 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-024-00365-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Endothelial inflammation plays a crucial role in vascular-related diseases, a leading cause of global mortality. Among various cellular players, endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) emerge as non-differentiated endothelial cells circulating in the bloodstream. Recent evidence highlights the transformative role of EPCs in shifting from an inflammatory/immunosuppressive crisis to an anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory response. Despite the importance of these functions, the regulatory mechanisms governing EPC activities and their physiological significance in vascular regenerative medicine remain elusive. Surprisingly, the current literature lacks a comprehensive review of EPCs' effects on inflammatory processes. This narrative review aims to fill this gap by exploring the cutting-edge role of EPCs against inflammation, from molecular intricacies to broader medical perspectives. By examining how EPCs modulate inflammatory responses, we aim to unravel their anti-inflammatory significance in vascular regenerative medicine, deepening insights into EPCs' molecular mechanisms and guiding future therapeutic strategies targeting vascular-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Hassanpour
- Shonan Research, Institute of Innovative Medicine, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
- Center for Cell therapy & Regenerative Medicine, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
- Kidney Disease and Transplant Center, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Amankeldi A Salybkov
- Shonan Research, Institute of Innovative Medicine, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
- Center for Cell therapy & Regenerative Medicine, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
- Kidney Disease and Transplant Center, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shuzo Kobayashi
- Shonan Research, Institute of Innovative Medicine, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
- Kidney Disease and Transplant Center, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takayuki Asahara
- Shonan Research, Institute of Innovative Medicine, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan.
- Center for Cell therapy & Regenerative Medicine, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan.
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Chandrabalan S, Dang L, Hansen U, Timmen M, Wehmeyer C, Stange R, Beißbarth T, Binder C, Bleckmann A, Menck K. A novel method to efficiently differentiate human osteoclasts from blood-derived monocytes. Biol Proced Online 2024; 26:7. [PMID: 38504200 PMCID: PMC10949786 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-024-00233-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoclasts are the tissue-specific macrophage population of the bone and unique in their bone-resorbing activity. Hence, they are fundamental for bone physiology in health and disease. However, efficient protocols for the isolation and study of primary human osteoclasts are scarce. In this study, we aimed to establish a protocol, which enables the efficient differentiation of functional human osteoclasts from monocytes. RESULTS Human monocytes were isolated through a double-density gradient from donor blood. Compared to standard differentiation schemes in polystyrene cell culture dishes, the yield of multinuclear osteoclasts was significantly increased upon initial differentiation of monocytes to macrophages in fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) Teflon bags. This initial differentiation phase was then followed by the development of terminal osteoclasts by addition of Receptor Activator of NF-κB Ligand (RANKL). High concentrations of RANKL and Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) as well as an intermediate cell density further supported efficient cell differentiation. The generated cells were highly positive for CD45, CD14 as well as the osteoclast markers CD51/ITGAV and Cathepsin K/CTSK, thus identifying them as osteoclasts. The bone resorption of the osteoclasts was significantly increased when the cells were differentiated from macrophages derived from Teflon bags compared to macrophages derived from conventional cell culture plates. CONCLUSION Our study has established a novel protocol for the isolation of primary human osteoclasts that improves osteoclastogenesis in comparison to the conventionally used cultivation approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suganja Chandrabalan
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, and Pneumology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Linh Dang
- Department of Medical Bioinformatics, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Uwe Hansen
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine (IMM), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Melanie Timmen
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine (IMM), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Corinna Wehmeyer
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine (IMM), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Richard Stange
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine (IMM), University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Tim Beißbarth
- Department of Medical Bioinformatics, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Binder
- Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Annalen Bleckmann
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, and Pneumology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Kerstin Menck
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, and Pneumology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
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Doppelt O, Cohen G, Tamari T, Elimelech R, Sabbah N, Zigdon-Giladi H. Endothelial progenitors increase vascularization and improve fibroblasts function that prevent medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. Oral Dis 2020; 26:1523-1531. [PMID: 32400918 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In a previous rat model, MRONJ occurrence was 50%. Our aim was to investigate the potential of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) to improve fibroblasts function and prevent MRONJ. METHODS Human gingival fibroblasts were cultured with EPC-conditioned media (EPC-CM); endothelial growth media (EGM-2) or DMEM followed by incubation with 10 µM zoledronic (ZOL) and dexamethasone (DEX). Cell proliferation and migration were assessed by XTT and scratch wound healing assays. In vivo, ten Lewis rats were treated weekly with ZOL and DEX for 11 weeks. After a week, EPCs or EGM-2 were injected to the gingiva around the molars. At 3 weeks, bilateral molars were extracted. After 8 weeks, wound healing was assessed, and serum VEGF and blood vessels were quantified. RESULTS ZOL/DEX significantly reduced fibroblasts proliferation and wound healing. Treatment with EPC-CM before ZOL/DEX improved cell proliferation, and scratch healing (p = .007, p = .023). In vivo, local EPC injection before tooth extraction increased serum VEGF (p = .01) and soft tissue vascularization (p = .05). Normal healing was similar (80%) in EPCs and EGM-2 groups. CONCLUSION EPC rescued fibroblasts from the cytotoxic effect of ZOL/DEX and elevated serum VEGF and vessel density that might reduce MRONJ occurrence to 20% compared to 50% in a similar model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofri Doppelt
- Laboratory for Bone Repair, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.,The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Gal Cohen
- Laboratory for Bone Repair, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tal Tamari
- Laboratory for Bone Repair, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Rina Elimelech
- Laboratory for Bone Repair, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Periodontology, School of Graduate Dentistry, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nadin Sabbah
- Laboratory for Bone Repair, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.,The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hadar Zigdon-Giladi
- Laboratory for Bone Repair, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.,The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Periodontology, School of Graduate Dentistry, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
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Tamari T, Elimelech R, Cohen G, Cohen T, Doppelt O, Eskander-Hashoul L, Zigdon-Giladi H. Endothelial Progenitor Cells inhibit jaw osteonecrosis in a rat model: A major adverse effect of bisphosphonate therapy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18896. [PMID: 31827217 PMCID: PMC6906486 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55383-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a serious adverse effect of antiresorptive and antiangiogenic therapies. MRONJ is identified by chronic wounds in the oral mucosa associated with exposed necrotic bone. We hypothesized that zoledronic acid (ZOL) impairs keratinocyte and fibroblast function and reduces soft tissue vascularization; therefore, treating MRONJ with proangiogenic cells may benefit MRONJ patients. The effect of ZOL and dexamethasone (DEX) on gingival fibroblasts and keratinocytes was investigated. In-vitro, ZOL inhibited fibroblast and keratinocyte proliferation, delaying scratch healing. In-vivo, exposed bone was detected at tooth extraction sites, mainly in ZOL(+)/DEX(+) rats; and was associated with significantly decreased soft tissue vascularization, serum-VEGF, and tissue-VEGF. Local injection of early and late endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) healed 13 of 14 MRONJ lesions compared with 2/7 lesions in the mesenchymal stem cells, and 2/6, in culture-medium group. The EPCs reduced necrotic bone area, increased serum and tissue VEGF levels. EPCs engraftment was minimal, suggesting their paracrine role in MRONJ healing. The EPC-conditioned medium improved scratch healing of keratinocytes and fibroblasts via VEGF pathway and elevated mRNA of VEGFA and collagen1A1. In conclusion, a novel MRONJ treatment with EPCs, increased vascularization and improved epithelial and fibroblast functions as well as cured the lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Tamari
- Laboratory for Bone Repair, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Rina Elimelech
- Department of Periodontology, School of Graduate Dentistry, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.,Laboratory for Bone Repair, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Gal Cohen
- Laboratory for Bone Repair, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Talia Cohen
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ofri Doppelt
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Lana Eskander-Hashoul
- Department of Periodontology, School of Graduate Dentistry, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.,Laboratory for Bone Repair, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hadar Zigdon-Giladi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Graduate Dentistry, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel. .,Laboratory for Bone Repair, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel. .,The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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Chong MSK, Ng WK, Chan JKY. Concise Review: Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Regenerative Medicine: Applications and Challenges. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:530-8. [PMID: 26956207 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are currently being studied as candidate cell sources for revascularization strategies. Significant advances have been made in understanding the biology of EPCs, and preclinical studies have demonstrated the vasculogenic, angiogenic, and beneficial paracrine effects of transplanted EPCs in the treatment of ischemic diseases. Despite these promising results, widespread clinical acceptance of EPCs for clinical therapies remains hampered by several challenges. The present study provides a concise summary of the different EPC populations being studied for ischemic therapies and their known roles in the healing of ischemic tissues. The challenges and issues surrounding the use of EPCs and the current strategies being developed to improve the harvest efficiency and functionality of EPCs for application in regenerative medicine are discussed. SIGNIFICANCE Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have immense clinical value for cardiovascular therapies. The present study provides a concise description of the EPC subpopulations being evaluated for clinical applications. The current major lines of investigation involving preclinical and clinical evaluations of EPCs are discussed, and significant gaps limiting the translation of EPCs are highlighted. The present report could be useful for clinicians and clinical researchers with interests in ischemic therapy and for basic scientists working in the related fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Seow Khoon Chong
- School of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Wei Kai Ng
- School of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Jerry Kok Yen Chan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Mata MF, Lopes JP, Ishikawa M, Alaiti MA, Cabral JM, da Silva CL, Costa MA. Scaling up the ex vivo expansion of human circulating CD34+progenitor cells with upregulation of angiogenic and anti-inflammatory potential. Cytotherapy 2015; 17:1777-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Du G, Song Y, Zhang T, Ma L, Bian N, Chen X, Feng J, Chang Q, Li Z. Simvastatin attenuates TNF‑α‑induced apoptosis in endothelial progenitor cells via the upregulation of SIRT1. Int J Mol Med 2014; 34:177-82. [PMID: 24718722 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) originate from the bone marrow and can be classified as either early or late EPCs. The focus of this study was on late EPCs, as they play an important role in angiogenesis and vascular proliferation. Evidence suggests that inflammatory and oxidative changes can increase EPC apoptosis. Of note, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a contributing risk factor to the development of atherosclerosis and plays a key role as both an inflammatory mediator and an inducer of apoptosis in endothelial cells. Additionally, a member of the sirtuin family, silent information regulator type-1 (SIRT1), promotes cell survival by repressing p53- and non-p53-dependent apoptosis in response to DNA damage and oxidative stress. Statins have also been shown to play a key role in the prevention of endothelial apoptosis and senescence via their lipid-lowering and anti-inflammatory actions. However, there is little evidence that statins themselves attenuate EPC apoptosis induced by TNF-α. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effectiveness of one of the most commonly used statins, simvastatin, on decreasing TNF-α-induced apoptosis in EPCs. The results indicated that SIRT1 protein expression was decreased by TNF-α in a time- and dose-dependent manner and that while TNF-α caused a marked increase in the percentage of apoptotic EPCs, application of simvastatin decreased this percentage. A high concentration of simvastatin promoted the expression of SIRT1 and increased the proliferation of EPCs. In conclusion, findings of this study showed that simvastatin is crucial in counteracting the TNF-α-induced apoptosis of EPCs and that this protection may involve the actions of SIRT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Du
- Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, P.R. China
| | - Yunlin Song
- Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, P.R. China
| | - Long Ma
- Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, P.R. China
| | - Ning Bian
- Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, P.R. China
| | - Jianyi Feng
- Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, P.R. China
| | - Qing Chang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P.R. China
| | - Zicheng Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, P.R. China
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Sobhan PK, Seervi M, Joseph J, Varghese S, Pillai PR, Sivaraman DM, James J, George RE, Elizabeth KE, Santhoshkumar TR, Pillai MR. Immortalized functional endothelial progenitor cell lines from umbilical cord blood for vascular tissue engineering. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2012; 18:890-902. [PMID: 22889128 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2011.0482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play a significant role in multiple biological processes such as vascular homeostasis, regeneration, and tumor angiogenesis. This makes them a promising cell of choice for studying a variety of biological processes, toxicity assays, biomaterial-cell interaction studies, as well as in tissue-engineering applications. In this study, we report the generation of two clones of SV40-immortalized EPCs from umbilical cord blood. These cells retained most of the functional features of mature endothelial cells and showed no indication of senescence after repeated culture for more than 240 days. Extensive functional characterization of the immortalized cells by western blot, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence studies substantiated that these cells retained their ability to synthesize nitric oxide, von Willebrand factor, P-Selectin etc. These cells achieved unlimited proliferation potential subsequent to inactivation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21, but failed to form colonies on soft agar. We also show their enhanced growth and survival on vascular biomaterials compared to parental cultures in late population doubling. These immortalized EPCs can be used as a cellular model system for studying the biology of these cells, gene manipulation experiments, cell-biomaterial interactions, as well as a variety of tissue-engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen K Sobhan
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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Interleukin-2 enhances angiogenesis and preserves cardiac function following myocardial infarction. Cytokine 2011; 56:732-8. [PMID: 22004921 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2011.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Revised: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that injection of IL-2-activated natural killer (NK) cells contribute to vascular remodeling via a4b7 integrin and killer cell lectin-like receptor (KLRG) 1 and promote cardiac repair following myocardial infarction (MI). The aim of the present study is to test the hypothesis that injection of recombinant human interleukin (rhIL)-2 improves angiogenesis and preserves heart function after MI. A single IV injection of rhIL-2 two days following MI improved by 27.7% the left ventricular (LV) fractional shortening of immune competent (C57Bl6) mice, but had no effect on cardiac function of immune-deficient (NOD-SCID IL2Rγnull) mice. Immunohistochemical analysis of C57Bl6 cross sections of heart revealed that collagen deposition was reduced by 23.1% and that capillary density was enhanced in the scar area and the border zone of the infarct respectively by 22.4% and 33.6% following rhIL-2 injection. In addition, rhIL-2 enhanced 1.6-fold the in vivo endothelial cell proliferation index and 1.8-fold the number of NK cell infiltrating the infarcted heart, but had no effect on the number of cardiac CD4 and CD8 cells. In vitro, rhIL-2 activated NK cells enhanced cardiac endothelial cell proliferation by 17.2%. Here we show that a single IV injection of rhIL-2 positively impacted cardiac function by improving angiogenesis through a process involving NK cells.
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