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Peserico A, Di Berardino C, Russo V, Capacchietti G, Di Giacinto O, Canciello A, Camerano Spelta Rapini C, Barboni B. Nanotechnology-Assisted Cell Tracking. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12091414. [PMID: 35564123 PMCID: PMC9103829 DOI: 10.3390/nano12091414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The usefulness of nanoparticles (NPs) in the diagnostic and/or therapeutic sector is derived from their aptitude for navigating intra- and extracellular barriers successfully and to be spatiotemporally targeted. In this context, the optimization of NP delivery platforms is technologically related to the exploitation of the mechanisms involved in the NP–cell interaction. This review provides a detailed overview of the available technologies focusing on cell–NP interaction/detection by describing their applications in the fields of cancer and regenerative medicine. Specifically, a literature survey has been performed to analyze the key nanocarrier-impacting elements, such as NP typology and functionalization, the ability to tune cell interaction mechanisms under in vitro and in vivo conditions by framing, and at the same time, the imaging devices supporting NP delivery assessment, and consideration of their specificity and sensitivity. Although the large amount of literature information on the designs and applications of cell membrane-coated NPs has reached the extent at which it could be considered a mature branch of nanomedicine ready to be translated to the clinic, the technology applied to the biomimetic functionalization strategy of the design of NPs for directing cell labelling and intracellular retention appears less advanced. These approaches, if properly scaled up, will present diverse biomedical applications and make a positive impact on human health.
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Berninger MT, Rodriguez-Gonzalez P, Schilling F, Haller B, Lichtenstein T, Imhoff AB, Rummeny EJ, Anton M, Vogt S, Henning TD. Bifunctional Labeling of Rabbit Mesenchymal Stem Cells for MR Imaging and Fluorescence Microscopy. Mol Imaging Biol 2021; 22:303-312. [PMID: 31209781 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-019-01385-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Longitudinal imaging studies are important in the translational process of stem cell-based therapies. Small animal imaging models are widely available and practical but insufficiently depict important morphologic detail. In contrary, large animal models are logistically challenging and costly but offer greater imaging quality. In order to combine the advantages of both, we developed an intermediate-sized rabbit animal model for cartilage imaging studies. PROCEDURES Rabbit mesenchymal stem cells (rMSC) were isolated as primary cultures from the bone marrow of New Zealand white rabbits. rMSC were subsequentially transduced lentivirally with eGFP and magnetically labeled with the iron oxide ferucarbotran. eGFP expression was evaluated by flow cytometry and iron uptake was analyzed by isotope dilution mass spectrometry and Prussian blue staining. Fluorescence microscopy of eGFP-transduced rMSC was performed. Viability and induction of apoptosis were assessed by XTT and caspase-3/-7 measurements. The chondrogenic potential of labeled cells was quantified by glycosaminoglycan contents in TGF-β3 induced pellet cultures. Labeled and unlabeled cells underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 1.5 T before and after differentiation using T1-, T2-, and T2*-weighted pulse sequences. Relaxation rates were calculated. rMSCs were implanted in fibrin clots in osteochondral defects of cadaveric rabbit knees and imaged by 7 T MRI. T2* maps were calculated. Statistical analyses were performed using multiple regression models. RESULTS Efficiency of lentiviral transduction was greater than 90 %. Fluorescence signal was dose dependent. Cellular iron uptake was significant for all concentrations (p < 0.05) and dose dependent (3.3-56.5 pg Fe/cell). Labeled rMSC showed a strong, dose-dependent contrast on all MR pulse sequences and a significant decrease in T2 and T2* relaxation rates. Compared with non-transduced or unlabeled controls, there were no adverse effects on cell viability, rate of apoptosis, or chondrogenic differentiation. MRI of labeled rMSCs in osteochondral defects showed a significant signal of the transplant with additional high-resolution anatomical information. CONCLUSIONS This intermediate-sized rabbit model and its bifunctional labeling technique allow for improved depiction of anatomic detail for noninvasive in vivo rMSC tracking with MRI and for immunohistological correlation by fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus T Berninger
- Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Trauma Surgery, BG Trauma Center Murnau, Prof.-Küntscher-Strasse 8, 82418, Murnau, Germany.
| | | | - Franz Schilling
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Haller
- Institute for Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Andreas B Imhoff
- Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ernst J Rummeny
- Department of Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Anton
- Institute for Experimental Oncology and Therapy Research, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Vogt
- Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias D Henning
- Section of Neuroradiology, Uniklinik Köln, Cologne, Germany
- Section of Neuroradiology, Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Brüder, Trier, Germany
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Qadri Z, Righi V, Li S, Tzika AA. Tracking of Labelled Stem Cells Using Molecular MR Imaging in a Mouse Burn Model in Vivo as an Approach to Regenerative Medicine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 11:1-15. [PMID: 33996249 PMCID: PMC8118598 DOI: 10.4236/ami.2021.111001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Therapies based on stem cell transplants offer significant potential in the field of regenerative medicine. Monitoring the fate of the transplanted stem cells in a timely manner is considered one of the main limitations for long-standing success of stem cell transplants. Imaging methods that visualize and track stem cells in vivo non-invasively in real time are helpful towards the development of successful cell transplantation techniques. Novel molecular imaging methods which are non-invasive particularly such as MRI have been of great recent interest. Hence, mouse models which are of clinical relevance have been studied by injecting contrast agents used for labelling cells such as super-paramagnetic iron-oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles for cellular imaging. The MR techniques which can be used to generate positive contrast images have been of much relevance recently for tracking of the labelled cells. Particularly when the off-resonance region in the vicinity of the labeled cells is selectively excited while suppressing the signals from the non-labeled regions by the method of spectral dephasing. Thus, tracking of magnetically labelled cells employing positive contrast in vivo MR imaging methods in a burn mouse model in a non-invasive way has been the scope of this study. The consequences have direct implications for monitoring labeled stem cells at some stage in wound healing. We suggest that our approach can be used in clinical trials in molecular and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeba Qadri
- MGH NMR Surgical Laboratory, Center for Surgery, Innovation and Bioengineering, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General and Shriners Burn Hospitals, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center of Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Charlestown, USA
| | - Valeria Righi
- MGH NMR Surgical Laboratory, Center for Surgery, Innovation and Bioengineering, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General and Shriners Burn Hospitals, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center of Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Charlestown, USA
| | - Shasha Li
- MGH NMR Surgical Laboratory, Center for Surgery, Innovation and Bioengineering, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General and Shriners Burn Hospitals, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center of Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Charlestown, USA
| | - A Aria Tzika
- MGH NMR Surgical Laboratory, Center for Surgery, Innovation and Bioengineering, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General and Shriners Burn Hospitals, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center of Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Charlestown, USA
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Bobkova NV, Poltavtseva RA, Leonov SV, Sukhikh GT. Neuroregeneration: Regulation in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Aging. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2020; 85:S108-S130. [PMID: 32087056 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920140060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It had been commonly believed for a long time, that once established, degeneration of the central nervous system (CNS) is irreparable, and that adult person merely cannot restore dead or injured neurons. The existence of stem cells (SCs) in the mature brain, an organ with minimal regenerative ability, had been ignored for many years. Currently accepted that specific structures of the adult brain contain neural SCs (NSCs) that can self-renew and generate terminally differentiated brain cells, including neurons and glia. However, their contribution to the regulation of brain activity and brain regeneration in natural aging and pathology is still a subject of ongoing studies. Since the 1970s, when Fuad Lechin suggested the existence of repair mechanisms in the brain, new exhilarating data from scientists around the world have expanded our knowledge on the mechanisms implicated in the generation of various cell phenotypes supporting the brain, regulation of brain activity by these newly generated cells, and participation of SCs in brain homeostasis and regeneration. The prospects of the SC research are truthfully infinite and hitherto challenging to forecast. Once researchers resolve the issues regarding SC expansion and maintenance, the implementation of the SC-based platform could help to treat tissues and organs impaired or damaged in many devastating human diseases. Over the past 10 years, the number of studies on SCs has increased exponentially, and we have already become witnesses of crucial discoveries in SC biology. Comprehension of the mechanisms of neurogenesis regulation is essential for the development of new therapeutic approaches for currently incurable neurodegenerative diseases and neuroblastomas. In this review, we present the latest achievements in this fast-moving field and discuss essential aspects of NSC biology, including SC regulation by hormones, neurotransmitters, and transcription factors, along with the achievements of genetic and chemical reprogramming for the safe use of SCs in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Bobkova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
| | - R A Poltavtseva
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia. .,National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V. I. Kulakov, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - S V Leonov
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia. .,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), The Phystech School of Biological and Medical Physics, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141700, Russia
| | - G T Sukhikh
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V. I. Kulakov, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
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Ota Y, Kamei N, Tamaura T, Adachi N, Ochi M. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluation of Cartilage Repair and Iron Particle Kinetics After Magnetic Delivery of Stem Cells. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2018; 24:679-687. [PMID: 30398400 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2018.0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT This study is very important as a preclinical study of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessment after magnetic targeting of mesenchymal stem cells. The findings of this study show that MRI is useful for evaluating the regenerative process of cartilage with magnetic targeting and kinetics of iron particles, and is less invasive without any complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ota
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Naosuke Kamei
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,2 Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tamaura
- 3 Department of Radiology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Nobuo Adachi
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Ochi
- 4 Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
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Nejadnik H, Taghavi-Garmestani SM, Madsen SJ, Li K, Zanganeh S, Yang P, Mahmoudi M, Daldrup-Link HE. The Protein Corona around Nanoparticles Facilitates Stem Cell Labeling for Clinical MR Imaging. Radiology 2017; 286:938-947. [PMID: 29091749 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2017170130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate if the formation of a protein corona around ferumoxytol nanoparticles can facilitate stem cell labeling for in vivo tracking with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Materials and Methods Ferumoxytol was incubated in media containing human serum (group 1), fetal bovine serum (group 2), StemPro medium (group 3), protamine (group 4), and protamine plus heparin (group 5). Formation of a protein corona was characterized by means of dynamic light scattering, ζ potential, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Iron uptake was evaluated with 3,3'-diaminobenzidine-Prussian blue staining, lysosomal staining, and inductively coupled plasma spectrometry. To evaluate the effect of a protein corona on stem cell labeling, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were labeled with the above formulations, implanted into pig knee specimens, and investigated with T2-weighted fast spin-echo and multiecho spin-echo sequences on a 3.0-T MR imaging unit. Data in different groups were compared by using a Kruskal-Wallis test. Results Compared with bare nanoparticles, all experimental groups showed significantly increased negative ζ values (from -37 to less than -10; P = .008). Nanoparticles in groups 1-3 showed an increased size because of the formation of a protein corona. hMSCs labeled with group 1-5 media showed significantly shortened T2 relaxation times compared with unlabeled control cells (P = .0012). hMSCs labeled with group 3 and 5 media had the highest iron uptake after cells labeled with group 1 medium. After implantation into pig knees, hMSCs labeled with group 1 medium showed significantly shorter T2 relaxation times than hMSCs labeled with group 2-5 media (P = .0022). Conclusion The protein corona around ferumoxytol nanoparticles can facilitate stem cell labeling for clinical cell tracking with MR imaging. © RSNA, 2017 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Nejadnik
- From the Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (H.N., S.M.T., K.L., S.Z., H.E.D.) and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.Y., M.M.), Stanford School of Medicine, 725 Welch Rd, Room 1665, Stanford, CA 94305-5654; and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.J.M.)
| | - Seyed-Meghdad Taghavi-Garmestani
- From the Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (H.N., S.M.T., K.L., S.Z., H.E.D.) and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.Y., M.M.), Stanford School of Medicine, 725 Welch Rd, Room 1665, Stanford, CA 94305-5654; and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.J.M.)
| | - Steven J Madsen
- From the Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (H.N., S.M.T., K.L., S.Z., H.E.D.) and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.Y., M.M.), Stanford School of Medicine, 725 Welch Rd, Room 1665, Stanford, CA 94305-5654; and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.J.M.)
| | - Kai Li
- From the Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (H.N., S.M.T., K.L., S.Z., H.E.D.) and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.Y., M.M.), Stanford School of Medicine, 725 Welch Rd, Room 1665, Stanford, CA 94305-5654; and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.J.M.)
| | - Saeid Zanganeh
- From the Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (H.N., S.M.T., K.L., S.Z., H.E.D.) and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.Y., M.M.), Stanford School of Medicine, 725 Welch Rd, Room 1665, Stanford, CA 94305-5654; and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.J.M.)
| | - Phillip Yang
- From the Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (H.N., S.M.T., K.L., S.Z., H.E.D.) and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.Y., M.M.), Stanford School of Medicine, 725 Welch Rd, Room 1665, Stanford, CA 94305-5654; and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.J.M.)
| | - Morteza Mahmoudi
- From the Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (H.N., S.M.T., K.L., S.Z., H.E.D.) and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.Y., M.M.), Stanford School of Medicine, 725 Welch Rd, Room 1665, Stanford, CA 94305-5654; and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.J.M.)
| | - Heike E Daldrup-Link
- From the Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (H.N., S.M.T., K.L., S.Z., H.E.D.) and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.Y., M.M.), Stanford School of Medicine, 725 Welch Rd, Room 1665, Stanford, CA 94305-5654; and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif (S.J.M.)
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Zanganeh S, Hutter G, Spitler R, Lenkov O, Mahmoudi M, Shaw A, Pajarinen JS, Nejadnik H, Goodman S, Moseley M, Coussens LM, Daldrup-Link HE. Iron oxide nanoparticles inhibit tumour growth by inducing pro-inflammatory macrophage polarization in tumour tissues. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 11:986-994. [PMID: 27668795 PMCID: PMC5198777 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2016.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1044] [Impact Index Per Article: 130.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Until now, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved iron supplement ferumoxytol and other iron oxide nanoparticles have been used for treating iron deficiency, as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging and as drug carriers. Here, we show an intrinsic therapeutic effect of ferumoxytol on the growth of early mammary cancers, and lung cancer metastases in liver and lungs. In vitro, adenocarcinoma cells co-incubated with ferumoxytol and macrophages showed increased caspase-3 activity. Macrophages exposed to ferumoxytol displayed increased mRNA associated with pro-inflammatory Th1-type responses. In vivo, ferumoxytol significantly inhibited growth of subcutaneous adenocarcinomas in mice. In addition, intravenous ferumoxytol treatment before intravenous tumour cell challenge prevented development of liver metastasis. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and histopathology studies showed that the observed tumour growth inhibition was accompanied by increased presence of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages in the tumour tissues. Our results suggest that ferumoxytol could be applied 'off label' to protect the liver from metastatic seeds and potentiate macrophage-modulating cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Zanganeh
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, 725 Welch Road, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Institute of Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Gregor Hutter
- Institute of Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Ryan Spitler
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, 725 Welch Road, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Olga Lenkov
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, 725 Welch Road, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Institute of Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Morteza Mahmoudi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Aubie Shaw
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Jukka Sakari Pajarinen
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Hossein Nejadnik
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, 725 Welch Road, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Institute of Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Stuart Goodman
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Michael Moseley
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, 725 Welch Road, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Lisa Marie Coussens
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Heike Elisabeth Daldrup-Link
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, 725 Welch Road, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Institute of Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to H.E.D.-L.
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Liu H, Tan Y, Xie L, Yang L, Zhao J, Bai J, Huang P, Zhan W, Wan Q, Zou C, Han Y, Wang Z. Self-assembled dual-modality contrast agents for non-invasive stem cell tracking via near-infrared fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 478:217-26. [PMID: 27299677 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells hold great promise for treating various diseases. However, one of the main drawbacks of stem cell therapy is the lack of non-invasive image-tracking technologies. Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging have been employed to analyse cellular and subcellular events via the assistance of contrast agents, the sensitivity and temporal resolution of MRI and the spatial resolution of NIRF are still shortcomings. In this study, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanocrystals and IR-780 dyes were co-encapsulated in stearic acid-modified polyethylenimine to form a dual-modality contrast agent with nano-size and positive charge. These resulting agents efficiently labelled stem cells and did not influence the cellular viability and differentiation. Moreover, the labelled cells showed the advantages of dual-modality imaging in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for MRI, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Yan Tan
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for MRI, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Lisi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China
| | - Lei Yang
- Laboratory for Gene and Cell Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Laboratory for Gene and Cell Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Jingxuan Bai
- Laboratory for Gene and Cell Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Ping Huang
- Laboratory for Gene and Cell Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Wugen Zhan
- Laboratory for Gene and Cell Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Qian Wan
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for MRI, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Chao Zou
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for MRI, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Yali Han
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China.
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for MRI, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
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Srivastava AK, Kadayakkara DK, Bar-Shir A, Gilad AA, McMahon MT, Bulte JWM. Advances in using MRI probes and sensors for in vivo cell tracking as applied to regenerative medicine. Dis Model Mech 2015; 8:323-36. [PMID: 26035841 PMCID: PMC4381332 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.018499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of molecular and cellular imaging allows molecules and cells to be visualized in vivo non-invasively. It has uses not only as a research tool but in clinical settings as well, for example in monitoring cell-based regenerative therapies, in which cells are transplanted to replace degenerating or damaged tissues, or to restore a physiological function. The success of such cell-based therapies depends on several critical issues, including the route and accuracy of cell transplantation, the fate of cells after transplantation, and the interaction of engrafted cells with the host microenvironment. To assess these issues, it is necessary to monitor transplanted cells non-invasively in real-time. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a tool uniquely suited to this task, given its ability to image deep inside tissue with high temporal resolution and sensitivity. Extraordinary efforts have recently been made to improve cellular MRI as applied to regenerative medicine, by developing more advanced contrast agents for use as probes and sensors. These advances enable the non-invasive monitoring of cell fate and, more recently, that of the different cellular functions of living cells, such as their enzymatic activity and gene expression, as well as their time point of cell death. We present here a review of recent advancements in the development of these probes and sensors, and of their functioning, applications and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit K Srivastava
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Deepak K Kadayakkara
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Amnon Bar-Shir
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Assaf A Gilad
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Michael T McMahon
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jeff W M Bulte
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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10
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Yan Y, Sart S, Calixto Bejarano F, Muroski ME, Strouse GF, Grant SC, Li Y. Cryopreservation of embryonic stem cell-derived multicellular neural aggregates labeled with micron-sized particles of iron oxide for magnetic resonance imaging. Biotechnol Prog 2015; 31:510-21. [PMID: 25905549 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Revised: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides an effective approach to track labeled pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-derived neural progenitor cells (NPCs) for neurological disorder treatments after cell labeling with a contrast agent, such as an iron oxide derivative. Cryopreservation of pre-labeled neural cells, especially in three-dimensional (3D) structure, can provide a uniform cell population and preserve the stem cell niche for the subsequent applications. In this study, the effects of cryopreservation on PSC-derived multicellular NPC aggregates labeled with micron-sized particles of iron oxide (MPIO) were investigated. These NPC aggregates were labeled prior to cryopreservation because labeling thawed cells can be limited by inefficient intracellular uptake, variations in labeling efficiency, and increased culture time before use, minimizing their translation to clinical settings. The results indicated that intracellular MPIO incorporation was retained after cryopreservation (70-80% labeling efficiency), and MPIO labeling had little adverse effects on cell recovery, proliferation, cytotoxicity and neural lineage commitment post-cryopreservation. MRI analysis showed comparable detectability for the MPIO-labeled cells before and after cryopreservation indicated by T2 and T2* relaxation rates. Cryopreserving MPIO-labeled 3D multicellular NPC aggregates can be applied in in vivo cell tracking studies and lead to more rapid translation from preservation to clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanwei Yan
- Dept. of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL
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11
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Abstract
Stem cell based-therapies are novel therapeutic strategies that hold key for developing new treatments for diseases conditions with very few or no cures. Although there has been an increase in the number of clinical trials involving stem cell-based therapies in the last few years, the long-term risks and benefits of these therapies are still unknown. Detailed in vivo studies are needed to monitor the fate of transplanted cells, including their distribution, differentiation, and longevity over time. Advancements in non-invasive cellular imaging techniques to track engrafted cells in real-time present a powerful tool for determining the efficacy of stem cell-based therapies. In this review, we describe the latest approaches to stem cell labeling and tracking using different imaging modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit K Srivastava
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 217 Traylor Building, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD, 21205-1832, USA
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12
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Sart S, Bejarano FC, Baird MA, Yan Y, Rosenberg JT, Ma T, Grant SC, Li Y. Intracellular labeling of mouse embryonic stem cell–derived neural progenitor aggregates with micron-sized particles of iron oxide. Cytotherapy 2015; 17:98-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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13
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Lu X, Xia R, Zhang B, Gao F. MRI tracking stem cells transplantation for coronary heart disease. Pak J Med Sci 2014; 30:899-903. [PMID: 25097541 PMCID: PMC4121722 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.304.4936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Stem cell transplantation has become a new treatment option for cardiovascular disease because the stem cells are able to migrate to damaged cardiac tissue, repair the myocardial infarction area and ultimately reduce the role of the infarct-related mortality. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a new robust non-invasive imaging technique that can detect anatomical information and myocardial dysfunction, study the mechanism of stem cells therapy with superb spatial/temporal resolution, relatively safe contrast material and lack of radiation. This review describes the advantages and disadvantages of cardiac MRI applied in stem cells transplantation and discusses how to translate this technique into clinical therapy. Sources of Data/Study Selection: Data from cross-sectional and prospective studies published between the years 2001-2013 on the topic were included. Data searches included both human and animal studies. Data Extraction: The data was extracted from online resources of statistic reports, Pub med, THE MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Medical and Radiological journals. Conclusion: MRI is an appealing technique for cell trafficking depicting engraftment, differentiation and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Lu
- Xi Lu, Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.1, Ke Yuan Road 4, Gao Xin District, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui Xia
- Rui Xia, Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.1, Ke Yuan Road 4, Gao Xin District, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Bing Zhang, Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.1, Ke Yuan Road 4, Gao Xin District, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Fabao Gao
- Fabao Gao, Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.1, Ke Yuan Road 4, Gao Xin District, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
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14
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Sart S, Bejarano FC, Yan Y, Grant SC, Li Y. Labeling pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitors with iron oxide particles for magnetic resonance imaging. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1283:43-52. [PMID: 25304204 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2014_123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to the unlimited proliferation capacity and the unique differentiation ability of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), including both embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), large numbers of PSC-derived cell products are in demand for applications in drug screening, disease modeling, and especially cell therapy. In stem cell-based therapy, tracking transplanted cells with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as a powerful technique to reveal cell survival and distribution. This chapter illustrated the basic steps of labeling PSC-derived neural progenitors (NPs) with micron-sized particles of iron oxide (MPIO, 0.86 μm) for MRI analysis. The protocol described PSC expansion and differentiation into NPs, and the labeling of the derived cells either after replating on adherent surface or in suspension. The labeled cells can be analyzed using in vitro MRI analysis. The methods presented here can be easily adapted for cell labeling in cell processing facilities under current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP). The iron oxide-labeled NPs can be used for cellular monitoring of in vitro cultures and in vivo transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Sart
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, 2525 Pottsdamer St, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
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15
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Abstract
About 43 million individuals in the US currently suffer from disabilities due to arthritis. Cartilage defects are the major source of pain in the affected joints. Current treatments, whilst alleviating some of the clinical symptoms, prove insufficient to cure the underlying irreversible cartilage loss. Stem cells represent a unique source for restoration of cartilage defects. Pre-clinical and clinical trials are currently pursued to investigate the potential of various types of stem cells and stem cell derived chondrocytes to repair arthritic joints. A major challenge with all stem cell-mediated tissue regeneration approaches is death of the transplanted cells with clearance by the immune system. Our current inability to diagnose successful or unsuccessful engraftment of transplanted cells non-invasively in vivo represents a major bottleneck for the development of successful stem cell therapies. A large variety of non-invasive Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging techniques have been developed over the last decade, which enable sensitive in vivo detection of Matrix Associated Stem Cell Implants (MASI) and early diagnosis of related complications. While initially focused on successfully harvesting cellular MR imaging approaches with easily applicable SuperParamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIO), our team began to observe details that will facilitate clinical translation. We therefore started a broader effort to define a comprehensive set of novel, clinically applicable imaging approaches for stem cell transplants in patients. We established immediately clinically applicable nanoparticle labeling techniques for tracking stem cell transplants with MR imaging; we have evaluated the long term MR signal effects of iron oxide nanoparticle labeled MASI in vivo; and we have defined distinct signal characteristics of labeled viable and apoptotic MASI. This review article will provide an overview over these efforts and discuss important implications for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike E Daldrup-Link
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford School of Medicine, 725 Welch Rd, Rm 1665; Stanford, USA
| | - Hossein Nejadnik
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford School of Medicine, 725 Welch Rd, Rm 1665; Stanford, USA
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16
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Srinivas M, Melero I, Kaempgen E, Figdor CG, de Vries IJM. Cell tracking using multimodal imaging. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2013; 8:432-8. [DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mangala Srinivas
- Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Department of Tumor Immunology; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Ignacio Melero
- University of Navarra; CIMA, CUV and Medica School; Pamplona Spain
| | - Eckhart Kaempgen
- University Hospital Erlangen; Dept. of Dermatology; Erlangen Germany
| | - Carl G. Figdor
- Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Department of Tumor Immunology; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - I. Jolanda M. de Vries
- Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Department of Tumor Immunology; Nijmegen The Netherlands
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17
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Diana V, Bossolasco P, Moscatelli D, Silani V, Cova L. Dose dependent side effect of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle labeling on cell motility in two fetal stem cell populations. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78435. [PMID: 24244310 PMCID: PMC3820601 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multipotent stem cells (SCs) could substitute damaged cells and also rescue degeneration through the secretion of trophic factors able to activate the endogenous SC compartment. Therefore, fetal SCs, characterized by high proliferation rate and devoid of ethical concern, appear promising candidate, particularly for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Super Paramagnetic Iron Oxide nanoparticles (SPIOn), routinely used for pre-clinical cell imaging and already approved for clinical practice, allow tracking of transplanted SCs and characterization of their fate within the host tissue, when combined with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). In this work we investigated how SPIOn could influence cell migration after internalization in two fetal SC populations: human amniotic fluid and chorial villi SCs were labeled with SPIOn and their motility was evaluated. We found that SPIOn loading significantly reduced SC movements without increasing production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Moreover, motility impairment was directly proportional to the amount of loaded SPIOn while a chemoattractant-induced recovery was obtained by increasing serum levels. Interestingly, the migration rate of SPIOn labeled cells was also significantly influenced by a degenerative surrounding. In conclusion, this work highlights how SPIOn labeling affects SC motility in vitro in a dose-dependent manner, shedding the light on an important parameter for the creation of clinical protocols. Establishment of an optimal SPIOn dose that enables both a good visualization of grafted cells by MRI and the physiological migration rate is a main step in order to maximize the effects of SC therapy in both animal models of neurodegeneration and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Diana
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Cusano Milanino, Italy
| | - Patrizia Bossolasco
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Cusano Milanino, Italy
| | - Davide Moscatelli
- Department of Chimica Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica G. Natta, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Silani
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Cusano Milanino, Italy
- Department of Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e dei Trapianti, “Dino Ferrari” Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lidia Cova
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Cusano Milanino, Italy
- * E-mail:
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18
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Di Corato R, Gazeau F, Le Visage C, Fayol D, Levitz P, Lux F, Letourneur D, Luciani N, Tillement O, Wilhelm C. High-resolution cellular MRI: gadolinium and iron oxide nanoparticles for in-depth dual-cell imaging of engineered tissue constructs. ACS NANO 2013; 7:7500-12. [PMID: 23924160 DOI: 10.1021/nn401095p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in cell therapy and tissue engineering opened new windows for regenerative medicine, but still necessitate innovative noninvasive imaging technologies. We demonstrate that high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows combining cellular-scale resolution with the ability to detect two cell types simultaneously at any tissue depth. Two contrast agents, based on iron oxide and gadolinium oxide rigid nanoplatforms, were used to "tattoo" endothelial cells and stem cells, respectively, with no impact on cell functions, including their capacity for differentiation. The labeled cells' contrast properties were optimized for simultaneous MRI detection: endothelial cells and stem cells seeded together in a polysaccharide-based scaffold material for tissue engineering appeared respectively in black and white and could be tracked, at the cellular level, both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, endothelial cells labeled with iron oxide nanoparticles could be remotely manipulated by applying a magnetic field, allowing the creation of vessel substitutes with in-depth detection of individual cellular components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Di Corato
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, UMR 7057, CNRS and Université Paris Diderot , France
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19
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Khurana A, Chapelin F, Beck G, Lenkov OD, Donig J, Nejadnik H, Messing S, Derugin N, Chan RCF, Gaur A, Sennino B, McDonald DM, Kempen PJ, Tikhomirov GA, Rao J, Daldrup-Link HE. Iron administration before stem cell harvest enables MR imaging tracking after transplantation. Radiology 2013; 269:186-97. [PMID: 23850832 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.13130858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether intravenous ferumoxytol can be used to effectively label mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vivo and can be used for tracking of stem cell transplants. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was approved by the institutional animal care and use committee. Sprague-Dawley rats (6-8 weeks old) were injected with ferumoxytol 48 hours prior to extraction of MSCs from bone marrow. Ferumoxytol uptake by these MSCs was evaluated with fluorescence, confocal, and electron microscopy and compared with results of traditional ex vivo-labeling procedures. The in vivo-labeled cells were subsequently transplanted in osteochondral defects of 14 knees of seven athymic rats and were evaluated with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging up to 4 weeks after transplantation. T2 relaxation times of in vivo-labeled MSC transplants and unlabeled control transplants were compared by using t tests. MR data were correlated with histopathologic results. RESULTS In vivo-labeled MSCs demonstrated significantly higher ferumoxytol uptake compared with ex vivo-labeled cells. With electron microscopy, iron oxide nanoparticles were localized in secondary lysosomes. In vivo-labeled cells demonstrated significant T2 shortening effects in vitro and in vivo when they were compared with unlabeled control cells (T2 in vivo, 15.4 vs 24.4 msec; P < .05) and could be tracked in osteochondral defects for 4 weeks. Histologic examination confirmed the presence of iron in labeled transplants and defect remodeling. CONCLUSION Intravenous ferumoxytol can be used to effectively label MSCs in vivo and can be used for tracking of stem cell transplants with MR imaging. This method eliminates risks of contamination and biologic alteration of MSCs associated with ex vivo-labeling procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Khurana
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, 725 Welch Rd, Room 1665, Stanford, CA 94305-5654; Department of Communication and Statistics and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
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20
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Abstract
To date, several stem cell labeling protocols have been developed, contributing to a fast growing and promising field of stem cell imaging by MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). Most of these methods utilize iron oxide nanoparticles (MION, SPIO, USPIO, VSIOP) for cell labeling, which provide negative (dark) signal effects on T2-weighted MR images. The following protocol describes stem cell labeling techniques with commercially available gadolinium chelates, which provide positive contrast on T1-weighted MR images, which can be advantageous for specific applications.
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21
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Qi Y, Feng G, Huang Z, Yan W. The application of super paramagnetic iron oxide-labeled mesenchymal stem cells in cell-based therapy. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 40:2733-40. [PMID: 23269616 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2364-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy has great potential for tissue regeneration. However, being able to monitor the in vivo behavior of implanted MSCs and understand the fate of these cells is necessary for further development of successful therapies and requires an effective, non-invasive and non-toxic technique for cell tracking. Super paramagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) is an idea label and tracer of MSCs. MRI can be used to follow SPIO-labeled MSCs and has been proposed as a gold standard for monitoring the in vivo biodistribution and migration of implanted SPIO-labeled MSCs. This review discusses the biological effects of SPIO labeling on MSCs and the therapeutic applications of local or systemic delivery of these labeled cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiying Qi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
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