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Sandhu SS, Rouz SK, Kumar S, Swamy N, Deshmukh L, Hussain A, Haque S, Tuli HS. Ursolic acid: a pentacyclic triterpenoid that exhibits anticancer therapeutic potential by modulating multiple oncogenic targets. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2023:1-31. [PMID: 36600517 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2162257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The world is currently facing a global challenge against neoplastic diseases. Chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, surgery, and radiation therapy are some approaches used to treat cancer. However, these treatments are frequently causing side effects in patients, such as multidrug resistance, fever, weakness, and allergy, among others side effects. As a result, current research has focused on phytochemical compounds isolated from plants to treat deadly cancers. Plants are excellent resources of bioactive molecules, and many natural molecules have exceptional anticancer properties. They produce diverse anticancer derivatives such as alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, pigments, and tannins, which have powerful anticancer activities against various cancer cell lines and animal models. Because of their safety, eco-friendly, and cost-effective nature, research communities have recently focused on various phytochemical bioactive molecules. Ursolic acid (UA) and its derivative compounds have anti-inflammatory, anticancer, apoptosis induction, anti-carcinogenic, and anti-breast cancer proliferation properties. Ursolic acid (UA) can improve the clinical management of human cancer because it inhibits cancer cell viability and proliferation, preventing tumour angiogenesis and metastatic activity. Therefore, the present article focuses on numerous bioactivities of Ursolic acid (UA), which can inhibit cancer cell production, mechanism of action, and modulation of anticancer properties via regulating various cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sharareh Khorami Rouz
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Suneel Kumar
- Bio-Design Innovation Centre, Rani Durgavati University, Jabalpur, India
| | - Nitin Swamy
- Fungal Biotechnology and Invertebrate Pathology Laboratory Department of Biological Sciences, Rani Durgavati University, Jabalpur, India
| | - Loknath Deshmukh
- School of Life and Allied Science, ITM University, Raipur, India
| | - Arif Hussain
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Arabia and Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
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Lu M, Lan X, Wu X, Fang X, Zhang Y, Luo H, Gao W, Wu D. Salvia miltiorrhiza in cancer: Potential role in regulating MicroRNAs and epigenetic enzymes. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1008222. [PMID: 36172186 PMCID: PMC9512245 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1008222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that play important roles in gene regulation by influencing the translation and longevity of various target mRNAs and the expression of various target genes as well as by modifying histones and DNA methylation of promoter sites. Consequently, when dysregulated, microRNAs are involved in the development and progression of a variety of diseases, including cancer, by affecting cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis. Preparations from the dried root and rhizome of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge (Lamiaceae), also known as red sage or danshen, are widely used for treating cardiovascular diseases. Accumulating data suggest that certain bioactive constituents of this plant, particularly tanshinones, have broad antitumor effects by interfering with microRNAs and epigenetic enzymes. This paper reviews the evidence for the antineoplastic activities of S. miltiorrhiza constituents by causing or promoting cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, autophagy, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, and epigenetic changes to provide an outlook on their future roles in the treatment of cancer, both alone and in combination with other modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xintian Lan
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xi Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoxue Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yegang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Haoming Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Wenyi Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Wenyi Gao, ; Donglu Wu,
| | - Donglu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- School of Clinical Medical, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Wenyi Gao, ; Donglu Wu,
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Zhao X, Hu GF, Shi YF, Xu W. Research Progress in microRNA-Based Therapy for Gastric Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:11393-11411. [PMID: 31920330 PMCID: PMC6935305 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s221354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the leading causes of tumor-related mortality. In addition to surgery and endoscopic resection, systemic therapy remains the main treatment option for GC, especially for advanced-stage disease and for cases not suitable for surgical therapy. Hence, improving the efficacy of systemic therapy is still an urgent problem to overcome. In the past decade, the essential roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in tumor treatment have been increasingly recognized. In particular, miRNAs were recently shown to reverse the resistance to chemotherapy drugs such as 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin, and doxorubicin. Synthesized nanoparticles loaded with mimics or inhibitors of miRNAs can directly target tumor cells to suppress their growth. Moreover, exosomes may serve as promising safe carriers for mimics or inhibitors of miRNAs to treat GC. Some miRNAs have also been shown to play roles in the mechanism of action of other anti-tumor drugs. Therefore, in this review, we highlight the research progress on microRNA-based therapy in GC and discuss the challenges and prospects associated with this strategy. We believe that microRNA-based therapy has the potential to offer a clinical benefit to GC patients, and this review would contribute to and motivate further research to promote this field toward this ultimate goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhao
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Gao-Feng Hu
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Fen Shi
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
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Kim SH, Jin H, Meng RY, Kim DY, Liu YC, Chai OH, Park BH, Kim SM. Activating Hippo Pathway via Rassf1 by Ursolic Acid Suppresses the Tumorigenesis of Gastric Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4709. [PMID: 31547587 PMCID: PMC6801984 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway is often dysregulated in many carcinomas, which results in various stages of tumor progression. Ursolic acid (UA), a natural compound that exists in many herbal plants, is known to obstruct cancer progression and exerts anti-carcinogenic effect on a number of human cancers. In this study, we aimed to examine the biological mechanisms of action of UA through the Hippo pathway in gastric cancer cells. MTT assay showed a decreased viability of gastric cancer cells after treatment with UA. Following treatment with UA, colony numbers and the sizes of gastric cancer cells were significantly diminished and apoptosis was observed in SNU484 and SNU638 cells. The invasion and migration rates of gastric cancer cells were suppressed by UA in a dose-dependent manner. To further determine the gene expression patterns that are related to the effects of UA, a microarray analysis was performed. Gene ontology analysis revealed that several genes, such as the Hippo pathway upstream target gene, ras association domain family (RASSF1), and its downstream target genes (MST1, MST2, and LATS1) were significantly upregulated by UA, while the expression of YAP1 gene, together with oncogenes (FOXM1, KRAS, and BATF), were significantly decreased. Similar to the gene expression profiling results, the protein levels of RASSF1, MST1, MST2, LATS1, and p-YAP were increased, whereas those of CTGF were decreased by UA in gastric cancer cells. The p-YAP expression induced in gastric cancer cells by UA was reversed with RASSF1 silencing. In addition, the protein levels in the Hippo pathway were increased in the UA-treated xenograft tumor tissues as compared with that in the control tumor tissues; thus, UA significantly inhibited the tumorigenesis of gastric cancer in vivo in xenograft animals. Collectively, UA diminishes the proliferation and metastasis of gastric cancer via the regulation of Hippo pathway through Rassf1, which suggests that UA can be used as a potential chemopreventive and therapeutic agent for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Hun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea.
| | - Hua Jin
- Department of Physiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea.
| | - Ruo Yu Meng
- Department of Physiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea.
| | - Da-Yeah Kim
- Department of Physiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea.
| | - Yu Chuan Liu
- Department of Physiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea.
| | - Ok Hee Chai
- Department of Anatomy and Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea.
| | - Byung Hyun Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea.
| | - Soo Mi Kim
- Department of Physiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea.
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54907, Korea.
- Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea.
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Pei Y, Zhang Y, Zheng K, Shang G, Wang Y, Wang W, Qiu E, Zhang X. Ursolic acid suppresses the biological function of osteosarcoma cells. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:2628-2638. [PMID: 31404298 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a highly malignant tumour that occurs in adolescents. Upregulation or the constitutive activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a hallmark of osteosarcoma. To investigate the effect of ursolic acid on the biological function of osteosarcoma, MTT assay was used to detect the effect of ursolic acid on the proliferation of HOS and MG63 cells, while flow cytometry was used to analyse the effect on the cell cycle and apoptosis. Transwell and Matrigel assays were used to detect the effect of ursolic acid on cell migration and invasion, respectively. Western blot analysis and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to detect the effects of different concentrations of ursolic acid on EGFR signaling pathway-related proteins, cell cycle, apoptosis and cell migration-related proteins. After overexpression or silencing of EGFR, the effects of ursolic acid on EGFR pathway and cell biological function were subsequently detected, using the same methods. The present study identified that ursolic acid had inhibitory effects on the growth and metastatic ability of osteosarcoma cells by suppressing EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Pei
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Yueyan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Ke Zheng
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Guanning Shang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Yuming Wang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Enduo Qiu
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
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Xiang F, Fan Y, Ni Z, Liu Q, Zhu Z, Chen Z, Hao W, Yue H, Wu R, Kang X. Ursolic Acid Reverses the Chemoresistance of Breast Cancer Cells to Paclitaxel by Targeting MiRNA-149-5p/MyD88. Front Oncol 2019; 9:501. [PMID: 31259152 PMCID: PMC6587017 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel (PTX) is widely used as a front-line chemotherapy for breast cancer treatment. However, its clinical applications are limited by the development of chemoresistance. The objective of this study was to investigate the reversal effects of ursolic acid (UA) on PTX resistance and the possible mechanisms in breast cancer. The role of miRNA-149-5p/MyD88 in the regulation of PTX resistance was investigated by the transfection of breast cancer cells with MDA-MB-231 (231) and MDA-MB-231/PTX-resistance (231/PTX) with lentiviruses carrying the MyD88 gene, shRNA specific for MyD88, the miR-149-5p gene, and shRNA specific for miR-149-5p. The PTX sensitivity was assessed by a CCK-8 assay. qRT-PCR and Western blot analyses were used to detect changes in the mRNA and protein levels. Flow cytometry was used to measure the rate of cell apoptosis. A luciferase activity assay was used to detect the binding site of miR-149-5p on the 3'UTR of MyD88. 231/PTX cells were injected into the flanks of female athymic nude mice, and the mice were randomly divided into the five following groups: PBS, PTX (low), PTX (high), UA, and PTX+UA. Our data show that UA reversed the resistance of breast cancer 231/PTX cells to PTX in vitro and in vivo. UA treatment significantly increased the expression of miR-149-5p, which was lower in 231/PTX cells than in 231 cells. Furthermore, the overexpression of miR-149-5p increased the sensitivity of 231/PTX cells to PTX treatment, whereas the knockdown of the miR-149-5p gene attenuated the effects of UA on the regulation of PTX sensitivity. A luciferase assay demonstrated that miR-149-5p could directly regulate the transcriptional activity of MyD88, a known PTX-resistance gene, by targeting the 3'UTR of MyD88. Meanwhile, the downregulation of MyD88 through the overexpression of miR-149-5p or UA treatment inhibited the activation of the Akt signaling pathway in 231/PTX cells. Thus, our data indicate that UA can reverse PTX resistance by targeting the miRNA-149-5p/MyD88 axis in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenfen Xiang
- Laboratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Fan
- Laboratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenhua Ni
- Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiaoli Liu
- Laboratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaowei Zhu
- Laboratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zixi Chen
- Laboratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenbin Hao
- Laboratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Honghong Yue
- Laboratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Wu
- Laboratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangdong Kang
- Laboratory Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Ursolic Acid Inhibits Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition through the Axl/NF- κB Pathway in Gastric Cancer Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:2474805. [PMID: 31281396 PMCID: PMC6590617 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2474805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Ursolic acid (UA) is an antitumor component derived from Chinese herbal medicine; this study is to observe the effects of UA on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in gastric cancer. Methods (1) In vitro experiments: 25μmol/L and 50μmol/L UA were applied to BGC-823, AGS, MGC-803, and HGC-27 cells; MTT staining, Transwell assay, and flow cytometry were used to assess cell proliferation, cell migration, and apoptosis, respectively. Western blot was performed to detect the expressions of N-Cadherin, Vimentin, Snail, Twist, Axl, p-Axl, IKK, p-IKK, NF-κB, and p-NF-κB. (2) In vivo experiments: Ten BALB/c-nu mice were used to establish gastric cancer xenograft model. Five were orally given UA for 4 weeks and five were given normal saline. Expressions of N-Cadherin and Snail were examined by immunohistochemical assay; expressions of N-Cadherin, Snail, Twist, Axl, p-Axl, IKK, and p-IKK were detected by Western blot. Results (1) UA inhibited cell proliferation in BGC-823 and HGC-27 cells in dose-dependent manners. (2) UA inhibited cell migration in BGC-823, AGS, and MGC-803 cells while inducing apoptosis in BGC-823 cells. (3) UA significantly decreased the expressions of N-Cadherin, Vimentin, Snail, Twist p-Axl, p-IKKα/β, and p-NF-κB in BGC-823 and MGC-803 cells. (4) UA distinctly decreased the expressions of N-Cadherin, Snail, p-Axl, and p-IKKα/β in gastric cancer xenograft model rats. Conclusion UA can effectively inhibit the proliferation and migration and induce apoptosis of gastric cancer cells. The antitumor effect of UA is conducted by EMT inhibition, which may be associated with the regulation of Axl/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Kim K, Shin EA, Jung JH, Park JE, Kim DS, Shim BS, Kim SH. Ursolic Acid Induces Apoptosis in Colorectal Cancer Cells Partially via Upregulation of MicroRNA-4500 and Inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 Phosphorylation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:E114. [PMID: 30597956 PMCID: PMC6337206 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Though ursolic acid (UA) isolated from Oldenlandia diffusa was known to exhibit anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesity effects, the underlying antitumor mechanism of ursolic acid was not fully understood to date. Thus, in the present study, the apoptotic mechanism of ursolic acid was elucidated in HCT116 and HT29 colorectal cancer cells in association with STAT3 and microRNA-4500 (miR-4500) by MTT assay, Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-dT-mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay, cell cycle analysis, immunofluorescence, and Western blotting. Ursolic acid significantly exerted cytotoxicity, increased TUNEL positive cells and sub-G1 apoptotic portion, induced cleavage of poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and caspase 3 in HCT116 and HT29 cells. Of note, ursolic acid attenuated the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins such as Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and also blocked nuclear translocation of STAT3 in colorectal cancer cells. Notably, ursolic acid increased the expression level of miR-4500 in HCT116 cells by qRT-PCR analysis and conversely miR-4500 inhibitor reversed cytotoxic, anti-proliferative, and apoptotic effects by increasing TUNEL positive cells, PARP cleavage and inhibiting p-STAT3 in ursolic acid treated colorectal cancer cells. Overall, our findings provide evidence that usolic acid induces apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells partially via upregulation of miR-4500 and inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation as a potent anti-cancer agent for colorectal cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karam Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Eun Ah Shin
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Ji Hoon Jung
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Ji Eon Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Dong Soub Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Bum Sang Shim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
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Pięt M, Paduch R. Ursolic and Oleanolic Acids as Potential Anticancer Agents Acting in the Gastrointestinal Tract. MINI-REV ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.2174/1570193x15666180612090816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background:Cancer is one of the main causes of death worldwide. Contemporary therapies, including chemo- and radiotherapy, are burdened with severe side effects. Thus, there exists an urgent need to develop therapies that would be less devastating to the patient’s body. Such novel approaches can be based on the anti-tumorigenic activity of particular compounds or may involve sensitizing cells to chemotherapy and radiotherapy or reducing the side-effects of regular treatment.Objective:Natural-derived compounds are becoming more and more popular in cancer research. Examples of such substances are Ursolic Acid (UA) and Oleanolic Acid (OA), plant-derived pentacyclic triterpenoids which possess numerous beneficial properties, including anti-tumorigenic activity.Results:In recent years, ursolic and oleanolic acids have been demonstrated to exert a range of anticancer effects on various types of tumors. These compounds inhibit the viability and proliferation of cancer cells, prevent their migration and metastasis and induce their apoptosis. Both in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that UA and OA are promising anti-cancer agents that can prevent carcinogenesis at each step. Furthermore, cancers at all stages are susceptible to the activity of these compounds. </P><P> Neoplasms that are formed in the gastrointestinal tract, i.e. gastric, colorectal, pancreatic, and liver cancers, are among the most common and most lethal malignancies. Their localization in the digestive system, however, facilitates the action of orally-administered (potential) anti-cancer agents, making chemopreventive drugs more accessible.In this paper, the anti-tumorigenic effect of ursolic and oleanolic acids on gastric, colon, pancreatic, and liver cancers, as well as the mechanisms underlying this process, are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Pięt
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Roman Paduch
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
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Salvador JA, Leal AS, Valdeira AS, Gonçalves BM, Alho DP, Figueiredo SA, Silvestre SM, Mendes VI. Oleanane-, ursane-, and quinone methide friedelane-type triterpenoid derivatives: Recent advances in cancer treatment. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 142:95-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Cyclooxygenase-2 mediated synergistic effect of ursolic acid in combination with paclitaxel against human gastric carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:92770-92777. [PMID: 29190954 PMCID: PMC5696220 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ursolic acid (UA) induces apoptosis in gastric cancer cells by inhibiting cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Paclitaxel (PTX) is an important chemotherapy agent used to treat solid tumors. We evaluated the in vitro antitumor activity of UA in combination with PTX against gastric cancer cells and investigated the mechanisms underlying the combined effects. A cytotoxicity test and flow cytometry were utilized to study the effects of UA and PTX on proliferation and apoptosis, respectively. To further elucidate the mechanism, Western blot analysis was used to assess changes in the expression of a series of related proteins, including COX-2, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Bcl-2, and Bax. UA and PTX dose- and time-dependently inhibited BGC-823 and SGC-7901 gastric cancer cell proliferation. Combined delivery of UA and PTX synergistically reduced cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in these cells by lowering COX-2, PCNA, and Bcl-2 expression and by increasing Bax expression. These results indicate that the synergistic inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis by UA and PTX may be induced by reducing COX-2 expression in gastric cancer cells.
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Fajardo-Sánchez E, Galiano V, Villalaín J. Location of the bioactive pentacyclic triterpene ursolic acid in the membrane. A molecular dynamics study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2017; 35:2688-2700. [PMID: 27569018 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1229219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ursolic acid (URS), an ursane-representative bioactive pentacyclic triterpene, is a plant secondary metabolite presenting a great number of pharmacological beneficial properties. Due to the prominent hydrophobic character of URS and its high phospholipid/water partition coefficient, some of its possible effects on biological systems might be related to its capacity to interact with and locate into the membrane as well as interact specifically with its components. In this work, we have studied the location and orientation of URS in the membrane by molecular dynamics simulations. At the end of the simulation, URS locates near the surface in vicinity to the phospholipid headgroups but its orientation depends on lipid composition, its final average orientation being a nearly parallel one in POPC but a nearly perpendicular one in POPC/POPE/POPG/PSM/Chol. Furthermore, in the complex lipid system URS seems to interact specifically with POPE, PSM, and Chol excluding POPG from its surroundings, which could lead to phase separation and domain formation. The different disposition of URS in the membrane and its specific interaction with certain lipid types could lead to a significant perturbation of the membrane structure. The important pharmacological activities of URS would rely on the effects it exerts on the membrane structure in general and the existence of specific interactions with specific lipids in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Fajardo-Sánchez
- a Molecular and Cellular Biology Institute , Universitas "Miguel Hernández" , E-03202 Elche-Alicante , Spain
| | - Vicente Galiano
- b Physics and Computer Architecture Department , Universitas "Miguel Hernández" , E-03202 Elche-Alicante , Spain
| | - José Villalaín
- a Molecular and Cellular Biology Institute , Universitas "Miguel Hernández" , E-03202 Elche-Alicante , Spain
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Li W, Chen A, Xiong L, Chen T, Tao F, Lu Y, He Q, Zhao L, Ou R, Xu Y. miR-133a acts as a tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer by targeting eIF4A1. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317698389. [PMID: 28466778 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317698389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that microRNAs play critical roles in carcinogenesis and cancer progression. In this study, miR-133a was found to be significantly downregulated in colon tumor tissues. We aimed to determine its biological function, molecular mechanisms, and direct target genes in colorectal cancer. From these results, we found that miR-133a was significantly downregulated in primary tumor tissues and colon cancer cell lines. Ectopic expression of miR-133a in colon cancer cell lines significantly suppressed cell growth, as evidenced by cell viability and colony formation assays, as well as reduced xenograft tumor growth in nude mice. However, the effect of miR-133a was abolished by the overexpression of eIF4A1. Moreover, miR-133a inhibited cellular migration and invasiveness. A luciferase activity assay revealed oncogene eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A1 as a direct target gene of miR-133a, whose expression was inversely correlated with that of miR-133a. Our results demonstrate that miR-133a plays a pivotal role in colorectal cancer by inhibiting cell proliferation, invasion, and migration by targeting oncogenic eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A1, which acts as a tumor suppressor and may provide a new potential therapeutic target in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Li
- 1 Laboratory for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Center for Personalized Medicine/Institutes of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,2 Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Anqi Chen
- 1 Laboratory for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Center for Personalized Medicine/Institutes of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,3 Department of Dermatovenereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lingling Xiong
- 1 Laboratory for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Center for Personalized Medicine/Institutes of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,3 Department of Dermatovenereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ting Chen
- 1 Laboratory for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Center for Personalized Medicine/Institutes of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,3 Department of Dermatovenereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fengxing Tao
- 1 Laboratory for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Center for Personalized Medicine/Institutes of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,3 Department of Dermatovenereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yiyi Lu
- 1 Laboratory for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Center for Personalized Medicine/Institutes of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,3 Department of Dermatovenereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qin He
- 1 Laboratory for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Center for Personalized Medicine/Institutes of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,3 Department of Dermatovenereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- 1 Laboratory for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Center for Personalized Medicine/Institutes of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,4 Division of PET/CT, Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Rongying Ou
- 1 Laboratory for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Center for Personalized Medicine/Institutes of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,5 Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yunsheng Xu
- 1 Laboratory for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Center for Personalized Medicine/Institutes of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,3 Department of Dermatovenereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Pan JL, Yuan DZ, Zhao YB, Nie L, Lei Y, Liu M, Long Y, Zhang JH, Blok LJ, Burger CW, Yue LM. Progesterone-induced miR-133a inhibits the proliferation of endometrial epithelial cells. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 219:683-692. [PMID: 27458709 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to understand the role of miR-133a in progesterone actions, explore the regulative mechanism of the progesterone receptor, and investigate the effects of miR-133a on the progesterone-inhibited proliferation of mouse endometrial epithelial cells. METHODS The expression of miR-133a induced by progesterone was detected by quantitative real-time PCR both in vivo and in vitro. Ishikawa subcell lines stably transfected with progesterone receptor subtypes were used to determine the receptor mechanism of progesterone inducing miR-133a. Specific miR-133a mimics or inhibitors were transfected into mouse uteri and primary cultured endometrial epithelial cells to overexpress or downregulate the miR-133a. The roles of miR-133a in the cell cycle and proliferation of endometrial epithelial cells were analysed by flow cytometry and Edu incorporation analysis. The protein levels of cyclinD2 in uterine tissue sections and primary cultured endometrial epithelial cells were determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. RESULTS Progesterone could induce miR-133a expression in a PRB-dependent manner in endometrial epithelial cells. miR-133a inhibited endometrial epithelial cell proliferation by arresting cell cycle at the G1 -S transition. Moreover, miR-133a acted as an inhibitor in downregulating cyclinD2 in endometrial epithelial cells. CONCLUSION We showed for the first time that progesterone-induced miR-133a inhibited the proliferation of endometrial epithelial cells by downregulating cyclinD2. Our research indicated an important mechanism for progesterone inhibiting the proliferation of endometrial epithelial cells by inducing special miRNAs to inhibit positive regulatory proteins in the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.-l. Pan
- Department of Physiology; West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - D.-z. Yuan
- Department of Physiology; West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Y.-b. Zhao
- Department of Physiology; West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - L. Nie
- Department of Physiology; West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Y. Lei
- Department of Physiology; West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - M. Liu
- Department of Physiology; West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Y. Long
- Department of Physiology; West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - J.-h. Zhang
- Department of Physiology; West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - L. J. Blok
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Erasmus Medical Center; Rotterdam the Netherlands
| | - C. W. Burger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Erasmus Medical Center; Rotterdam the Netherlands
| | - L.-m. Yue
- Department of Physiology; West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
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