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Wu D, Li Y, Zheng L, Xiao H, Ouyang L, Wang G, Sun Q. Small molecules targeting protein-protein interactions for cancer therapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:4060-4088. [PMID: 37799384 PMCID: PMC10547922 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are fundamental to many biological processes that play an important role in the occurrence and development of a variety of diseases. Targeting the interaction between tumour-related proteins with emerging small molecule drugs has become an attractive approach for treatment of human diseases, especially tumours. Encouragingly, selective PPI-based therapeutic agents have been rapidly advancing over the past decade, providing promising perspectives for novel therapies for patients with cancer. In this review we comprehensively clarify the discovery and development of small molecule modulators of PPIs from multiple aspects, focusing on PPIs in disease, drug design and discovery strategies, structure-activity relationships, inherent dilemmas, and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defa Wu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lang Zheng
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Huan Xiao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liang Ouyang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guan Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiu Sun
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- West China Medical Publishers, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Wang J, Ye J, Zhao X, Li X, Ma X. Prognostic value and model construction of preoperative inflammatory markers in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. World J Surg Oncol 2023; 21:211. [PMID: 37480143 PMCID: PMC10360324 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-023-03110-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation is considered to be one of the driving factors of cancer, and chronic inflammation plays a crucial role in tumor growth and metastasis. The aim of this study was to examine the predictive value of preoperative inflammatory biomarkers for overall survival (OS) in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), including preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), and aspartate aminotransferase-to-lymphocyte ratio (ALR), a novel inflammatory biomarker. METHOD This study included 198 patients with mRCC from a single center from 2006 to 2022. The optimal cut-off levels for the three biomarkers were derived using the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Cox univariate and multivariate analyses were used to assess independent prognostic inflammatory biomarkers. Finally, independent prognostic inflammatory biomarkers were incorporated into the prognostic model to establish a nomogram to predict the postoperative survival of patients with mRCC. RESULT The area under the ROC curve for NLR, LMR, and ALR, respectively, is 0.71 (CI: 0.635-0.784), 0.68 (CI: 0.604-0.755), and 0.75 (CI: 0.680-0.819). The optimal LMR, NLR, and ALR cut-off levels as evaluated by the ROC curve were 3.836, 3.106, and 68.056, respectively. Patients with NLR and ALR higher than the cut-off level and LMR lower than the cut-off level had a significant relationship with OS. Multivariate analysis revealed that tumor necrosis, lower LMR, and higher ALR were independent risk factors for OS. In addition, a nomogram that includes independent prognostic inflammatory biomarkers can accurately predict the OS in patients with mRCC. CONCLUSION ALR and LMR are independent risk factors for the prognosis of individuals with mRCC. By monitoring ALR and LMR postoperatively, the prognosis of patients with mRCC can be better evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichen Wang
- Senior Department of Urology, the Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Jiali Ye
- Senior Department of Urology, the Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Xupeng Zhao
- Senior Department of Urology, the Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiubin Li
- Senior Department of Urology, the Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Xin Ma
- Senior Department of Urology, the Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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3
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Targeting mitochondria as a potential therapeutic strategy against chemoresistance in cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114398. [PMID: 36773523 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of mitochondria is not only limited to energy generation but also in several physical and chemical processes critical for cell survival. Mitochondria play an essential role in cellular apoptosis, calcium ion transport and cellular metabolism. Mutation in the nuclear and mitochondrial genes, altered oncogenes/tumor suppressor genes, and deregulated signalling for cell viability are major reasons for cancer progression and chemoresistance. The development of drug resistance in cancer patients is a major challenge in cancer treatment as the resistant cells are often more aggressive. The drug resistant cells of numerous cancer types exhibit the deregulation of mitochondrial function. The increased biogenesis of mitochondria and its dynamic alteration contribute to developing resistance. Further, a small subpopulation of cancer stem cells in the heterogeneous tumor is primarily responsible for chemoresistance and has an attribute of mitochondrial dysfunction. This review highlights the critical role of mitochondrial dysfunction in chemoresistance in cancer cells through the processes of apoptosis, autophagy/mitophagy, and cancer stemness. Mitochondria-targeted therapeutic strategies might help reduce cancer progression and chemoresistance induced by various cancer drugs.
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van de Beek I, Glykofridis IE, Oosterwijk JC, van den Akker PC, Diercks GFH, Bolling MC, Waisfisz Q, Mensenkamp AR, Balk JA, Zwart R, Postma AV, Meijers-Heijboer HEJ, van Moorselaar RJA, Wolthuis RMF, Houweling AC. PRDM10 directs FLCN expression in a novel disorder overlapping with Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome and familial lipomatosis. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:1223-1235. [PMID: 36440963 PMCID: PMC10026250 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome (BHD) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by fibrofolliculomas, pulmonary cysts, pneumothoraces and renal cell carcinomas. Here, we reveal a novel hereditary disorder in a family with skin and mucosal lesions, extensive lipomatosis and renal cell carcinomas. The proband was initially diagnosed with BHD based on the presence of fibrofolliculomas, but no pathogenic germline variant was detected in FLCN, the gene associated with BHD. By whole exome sequencing we identified a heterozygous missense variant (p.(Cys677Tyr)) in a zinc-finger encoding domain of the PRDM10 gene which co-segregated with the phenotype in the family. We show that PRDM10Cys677Tyr loses affinity for a regulatory binding motif in the FLCN promoter, abrogating cellular FLCN mRNA and protein levels. Overexpressing inducible PRDM10Cys677Tyr in renal epithelial cells altered the transcription of multiple genes, showing overlap but also differences with the effects of knocking out FLCN. We propose that PRDM10 controls an extensive gene program and acts as a critical regulator of FLCN gene transcription in human cells. The germline variant PRDM10Cys677Tyr curtails cellular folliculin expression and underlies a distinguishable syndrome characterized by extensive lipomatosis, fibrofolliculomas and renal cell carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma van de Beek
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Human Genetics, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iris E Glykofridis
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Human Genetics and Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan C Oosterwijk
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter C van den Akker
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gilles F H Diercks
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria C Bolling
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Dermatology, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Quinten Waisfisz
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Human Genetics, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen R Mensenkamp
- Radboudumc, Department of Human Genetics, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jesper A Balk
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Human Genetics and Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Zwart
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Human Genetics, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alex V Postma
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Human Genetics, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanne E J Meijers-Heijboer
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Human Genetics and Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R Jeroen A van Moorselaar
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Urology and Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob M F Wolthuis
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Human Genetics and Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan C Houweling
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Human Genetics, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Yu R, Lu Y, Yu R, Xie J, Zhou S. Synergistic Effects of TW-37 and ABT-263 on Renal Cell Carcinoma Cells. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:953-963. [PMID: 33568941 PMCID: PMC7868206 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s265788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common urological system malignancy lack of effective therapeutic options. Upregulation of the Bcl-2 proteins was correlated with poor prognosis of RCC, suggesting that BH-3 mimetics may be a promising treatment option. ABT-263 is a BH3 mimetic that possesses anti-tumor effects. TW-37 is another inhibitor of Bcl-2 family protein with potential anti-tumor activities. However, since their effect as single agent is limited, combination treatment represents a strategy to improve the efficiency. We studied the ABT-263 in combination with TW-37 and analyzed the molecular mechanisms of action in RCC cells. Methods MTT and colony formation assays were used to measure the proliferation of RCC cells. Transwell assay was used to assay the migration and invasion of RCC cells. Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were measured using the flow cytometry and apoptotic nucleosome assay, respectively. Western blotting was performed to measure the change of proteins. The anti-tumor effects of ABT-263, TW-37 and their combination were also evaluated in vivo. Results Cotreatment of TW-37 and ABT-263 synergistically repressed the proliferation of RCC cells. TW-37 and ABT-263 also synergistically inhibited the migration and invasion of RCC cells It was also showed that TW-37 and ABT-263 synergistically induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. Furthermore, increased apoptosis was observed after exposure to TW-37 and ABT-263. Mechanism investigation showed that TW-37 and ABT-263 synergistically induced apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway and relied on the activation of Bax and caspases. Furthermore, ERK signaling pathway activation was detected after treated with TW-37 and ABT-263. Finally, TW-37 and ABT-263 also synergistically repressed the growth of RCC cells in xenograft mice. Conclusion In summary, our data demonstrated that combined treatment with TW-37 and ABT-263 exhibited synergistic RCC cell death and this combination may be applied as an effective therapeutic strategy against RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Yefen Lu
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, People's Republic of China
| | - Ren Yu
- Department of Urology, Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Xie
- Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shoujun Zhou
- Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Science & Technology Town Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
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Zhou W, Wang H, Yang Y, Chen ZS, Zou C, Zhang J. Chloroquine against malaria, cancers and viral diseases. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:S1359-6446(20)30367-6. [PMID: 32947043 PMCID: PMC7492153 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Quinoline (QN) derivatives are often used for the prophylaxis and treatment of malaria. Chloroquine (CQ), a protonated, weakly basic drug, exerts its antimalarial effect mainly by increasing pH and accumulating in the food vacuole of the parasites. Repurposing CQ is an emerging strategy for new indications. Given the inhibition of autophagy and its immunomodulatory action, CQ shows positive efficacy against cancer and viral diseases, including Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Here, we review the underlying mechanisms behind the antimalarial, anticancer and antiviral effects of CQ. We also discuss the clinical evidence for the use of CQ and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenmin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, PR China; Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics/Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, PR China; The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, PR China
| | - Yuqi Yang
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St John's University, Queens, New York, NY 11439, USA
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St John's University, Queens, New York, NY 11439, USA.
| | - Chang Zou
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, PR China.
| | - Jianye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, PR China; Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics/Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, PR China; The First Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, PR China.
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Petushkova AI, Savvateeva LV, Korolev DO, Zamyatnin AA. Cysteine Cathepsins: Potential Applications in Diagnostics and Therapy of Malignant Tumors. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:746-761. [PMID: 31509726 DOI: 10.1134/s000629791907006x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cysteine cathepsins are proteolytic enzymes involved in protein degradation in lysosomes and endosomes. Cysteine cathepsins have been also found in the tumor microenvironment during carcinogenesis, where they are implicated in proliferation, invasion and metastasis of tumor cells through the degradation of extracellular matrix, suppression of cell-cell interactions, and promotion of angiogenesis. In this regard, cathepsins can have a diagnostic value and represent promising targets for antitumor drugs aimed at inhibition of these proteases. Moreover, cysteine cathepsins can be used as activators of novel targeted therapeutic agents. This review summarizes recent discovered roles of cysteine cathepsins in carcinogenesis and discusses new trends in cancer therapy and diagnostics using cysteine cathepsins as markers, targets, or activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Petushkova
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - L V Savvateeva
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - D O Korolev
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Uronephrology and Human Reproductive Health, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - A A Zamyatnin
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Moscow, 119991, Russia. .,Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
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8
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Wang W, Xia Z, Farré JC, Subramani S. TRIM37 deficiency induces autophagy through deregulating the MTORC1-TFEB axis. Autophagy 2018; 14:1574-1585. [PMID: 29940807 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2018.1463120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
TRIM37 gene mutations cause mulibrey (muscle-liver-brain-eye) nanism, a severe growth disorder with prenatal onset. Although TRIM37 depletion normally induces apoptosis, patients with TRIM37 mutations have a high risk of developing tumors, suggesting that there may be an alternative pro-survival mechanism for TRIM37-deficient tumor cells. We find that TRIM37 interacts with MTOR and RRAGB proteins, enhances the MTOR-RRAGB interaction and promotes lysosomal localization of MTOR, thereby activating amino acid-stimulated MTORC1 signaling. In response to loss of TRIM37 functions, phosphorylation of TFEB is significantly reduced, resulting in its translocation into the nucleus enabling its transcriptional activation of genes involved in lysosome biogenesis and macroautophagy/autophagy. The enhanced autophagy depends on the inhibition of MTORC1 signaling and may serve as an alternative mechanism to survive the loss of TRIM37 functions. Our study unveils a positive role of TRIM37 in regulating the MTORC1-TFEB axis and provides mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of mulibrey nanism, as well as potential therapeutic treatment. ABBREVIATIONS ACTB: actin beta; ATG: autophagy related; CASP3: caspase3; CLEAR: coordinated lysosomal expression and regulation; CQ: chloroquine; CTS: cathepsin proteases; CTSL: cathepsin L; EIF4EBP1: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1; LAMP1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; LAMP2: lysosomal associated membrane protein 2; LMNB1: lamin B1; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; MTORC1: MTOR complex 1; mulibrey: muscle-liver-brain-eye; NAC: N-acetyl-L-cysteine; PARP1: poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1; RAP2A: member of RAS oncogene family; RHEB: Ras homolog enriched in brain; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RPS6KB1: ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1; RRAGB: Ras related GTP binding B; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TRIM37: tripartite motif containing 37.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- a Section of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Zhijie Xia
- a Section of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Jean-Claude Farré
- a Section of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Suresh Subramani
- a Section of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences , University of California , San Diego , CA , USA
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Ou YC, Li JR, Wang JD, Chen WY, Kuan YH, Yang CP, Liao SL, Lu HC, Chen CJ. Aspirin restores ABT-737-mediated apoptosis in human renal carcinoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 502:187-193. [PMID: 29792865 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.05.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Aspirin is a novel chemopreventive agent against malignancy. However, outcomes of aspirin monotherapy of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are inconsistent across studies. ABT-737, an BH3 mimetic inhibitor, is also a promising antitumor drug. Cancer cells including those from RCC, that have high levels of Mcl-1, are refractory to ABT-737-induced apoptosis. We here investigated how aspirin treatment modulates the ABT-737-induced apoptosis. Using the in vitro model of human 786-O cells, we showed that aspirin had sensitized cells to ABT-737 induced apoptosis. Such aspirin-induced changes of ABT-737 resistance was accompanied by a host of biochemical events like protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activation, AKT dephosphorylation, Mcl-1/FLICE inhibiting protein (FLIP)/XIAP downregulation, and Bax mitochondrial redistribution. The PP2A inhibitor, okadaic acid, was able to reverse the apirin-induced apoptotic changes. Apart from the aspirin treatment, Mcl-1 silencing also rendered cells vulnerable to ABT-737 induced apoptosis. Since PP2A, Akt, and Mcl-1 play critical roles in RCC malignancy and treatment resistance, our present study showed that aspirin, an alternative adjuvant agent, had recalled ABT-737 sensitivity in the RCC cells through processes involving the PP2A/Akt/Mcl-1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chuan Ou
- Department of Urology, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Ri Li
- Division of Urology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jiaan-Der Wang
- Department of Pediatrics & Child Health Care, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ying Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Kuan
- Department of Pharmacology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ping Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Su-Lan Liao
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Chi Lu
- Food Science Department and Graduate Institute, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jung Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Miyata Y, Matsuo T, Sagara Y, Ohba K, Ohyama K, Sakai H. A Mini-Review of Reactive Oxygen Species in Urological Cancer: Correlation with NADPH Oxidases, Angiogenesis, and Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102214. [PMID: 29065504 PMCID: PMC5666894 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress refers to elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and NADPH oxidases (NOXs), which are one of the most important sources of ROS. Oxidative stress plays important roles in the etiologies, pathological mechanisms, and treatment strategies of vascular diseases. Additionally, oxidative stress affects mechanisms of carcinogenesis, tumor growth, and prognosis in malignancies. Nearly all solid tumors show stimulation of neo-vascularity, termed angiogenesis, which is closely associated with malignant aggressiveness. Thus, cancers can be seen as a type of vascular disease. Oxidative stress-induced functions are regulated by complex endogenous mechanisms and exogenous factors, such as medication and diet. Although understanding these regulatory mechanisms is important for improving the prognosis of urothelial cancer, it is not sufficient, because there are controversial and conflicting opinions. Therefore, we believe that this knowledge is essential to discuss observations and treatment strategies in urothelial cancer. In this review, we describe the relationships between members of the NOX family and tumorigenesis, tumor growth, and pathological mechanisms in urological cancers including prostate cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and urothelial cancer. In addition, we introduce natural compounds and chemical agents that are associated with ROS-induced angiogenesis or apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyoshi Miyata
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Matsuo
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Yuji Sagara
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Kojiro Ohba
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Kaname Ohyama
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Hideki Sakai
- Department of Urology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
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