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Singh CK, Fernandez S, Chhabra G, Zaemisch GR, Nihal A, Swanlund J, Ansari N, Said Z, Chang H, Ahmad N. The role of collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 (CTHRC1) in cancer development and progression. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2024; 28:419-435. [PMID: 38686865 PMCID: PMC11189736 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2024.2349686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 (CTHRC1) is a protein that has been implicated in pro-migratory pathways, arterial tissue-repair processes, and inhibition of collagen deposition via the regulation of multiple signaling cascades. Studies have also demonstrated an upregulation of CTHRC1 in multiple cancers where it has been linked to enhanced proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. However, the understanding of the exact role and mechanisms of CTHRC1 in cancer is far from complete. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on analyzing the role of CTHRC1 in cancer as well as its associations with clinicopathologies and cancer-related processes and signaling. We have also summarized the available literature information regarding the role of CTHRC1 in tumor microenvironment and immune signaling. Finally, we have discussed the mechanisms associated with CTHRC1 regulations, and opportunities and challenges regarding the development of CTHRC1 as a potential target for cancer management. EXPERT OPINION CTHRC1 is a multifaceted protein with critical roles in cancer progression and other pathological conditions. Its association with lower overall survival in various cancers, and impact on the tumor immune microenvironment make it an intriguing target for further research and potential therapeutic interventions in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra K. Singh
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sofia Fernandez
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Gagan Chhabra
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Ayaan Nihal
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jenna Swanlund
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Naveed Ansari
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Zan Said
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Hao Chang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- William S. Middleton VA Medical Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Nihal Ahmad
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- William S. Middleton VA Medical Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Feng Y, Hu J, Liu F, Shang Y. Collagen Triple Helix Repeat Containing 1 Deficiency Protects Against Airway Remodeling and Inflammation in Asthma Models In Vivo and In Vitro. Inflammation 2023; 46:925-940. [PMID: 36640227 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01781-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by airway remodeling and lung inflammation. Collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 (CTHRC1), a glycoprotein, is involved in multiple pathological processes, including inflammation and fibrosis. However, the function of CTHRC1 in asthma remains unclear. In the present study, the mouse asthma model was successfully generated by sensitizing and challenging mice with ovalbumin (OVA). CTHRC1 expression at both RNA and protein levels was significantly upregulated in lung tissues of asthmatic mice. Asthmatic mice exhibited significant airway remodeling as evidenced by increased bronchial wall and smooth muscle cell layer thickness, goblet cell hyperplasia and collagen deposition, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), but those characteristics were reversed by CTHRC1 silencing. The cell model with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) induction in bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) was conducted to verify the effects of CTHRC1 on EMT, a classic mechanism that mediates airway remodeling. The results showed that TGF-β1 stimulation increased CTHRC1 expression, and CTHRC1 knockdown inhibited TGF-β1-induced EMT. OVA-treated mice also showed increased inflammatory cell infiltration and the production of OVA-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE), interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13, which were decreased by CTHRC1 downregulation. The effects of CTHRC1 on OVA-induced airway inflammation were further determined by treating BEAS-2B cells with IL-13, in which CTHRC1 knockdown reduced the IL-13-induced secretion of pro-inflammatory factors, including IL-4 and IL-5. In conclusion, these results indicate that CTHRC1 silencing attenuates asthmatic airway remodeling and inflammation in vivo and in vitro, suggesting that CTHRC1 may be a potential target for asthma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Feng
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Liaoning Province, 110004, China
| | - Jiapeng Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Liaoning Province, 110004, China
| | - Fen Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Liaoning Province, 110004, China
| | - Yunxiao Shang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Liaoning Province, 110004, China.
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Liu Y, Hu T, Li X, Li X, Yu J, Wu Y, Chen S, Tan L. Application of collagen triple helix repeat containing-1 and mitotic spindle apparatus antibody in small cell lung cancer diagnosis. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24412. [PMID: 35385156 PMCID: PMC9102652 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical significance of serum collagen triple helix repeat protein-1 (CTHRC1) and mitotic spindle apparatus antibody (MSA) in the diagnosis of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). METHODS Of the 229 lung tumor patients selected, 62 patients were divided into SCLC, 94 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and 73 patients with benign lung disease (BLD). The health controls (HC) had a span of 66 cases with normal physical condition. The serum extracted from each participator and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was adopted for measuring the serum CTHRC1 and MSA; in the meantime, automatic electrochemiluminescence immunoassay was used for the quantitative determination of serum NSA and CEA. And then, the differences in serum CTHRC1, MSA, NSE, and CEA were compared among involved groups. RESULTS ① Compared with other groups, the concentrations of CTHRC1, MSA, and NSE showed a marked increase in the group of SCLC (all p < 0.01). Especially for SCLC patients with lymph node metastasis, CTHRC1 provided a notably higher level than those without metastasis. ② CTHRC1 and MSA established a diagnostic criterion with the specificity of 90.99% and 86.27% for SCLC, respectively. ③ In series, the specificity of CTHRC1 and NSE was the highest (99.30%), while MSA and NSE had the highest sensitivity (96.72%) in parallel. ④ Both CTHRC1 and MSA were hazardous factors interconnected with SCLC. CONCLUSION Serum CTHRC1 and MSA had a more exciting prospect of application. When used in conjunction with NSE and CEA, they could optimize the clinical diagnosis value of SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Nanchang, China.,Graduate Students in the School of Public Health of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tingting Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Nanchang, China.,Graduate Students in the School of Public Health of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaohang Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianlin Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Simei Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Liming Tan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Nanchang, China
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Yang C, Huang T, Liang Y, Xue Y, Liang Y, Wei X, Meng F, Wei Q. CTHRC1 targeted by miR-30a-5p regulates cell adhesion, invasion and migration in lung adenocarcinoma. J Cardiothorac Surg 2022; 17:46. [PMID: 35313900 PMCID: PMC8935819 DOI: 10.1186/s13019-022-01788-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The morbidity of lung cancer ranks first among all cancers. Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a classification of lung cancer, and cell invasion and migration of LUAD are the main causes for its high mortality. Therefore, further exploring the potential mechanism of LUAD metastasis may provide bases for following targeted drug development and treatment of LUAD. In this study, clinical data as well as gene expression profiles were obtained from TCGA-LUAD and GEO to analyze CTHRC1 expression. The result found that CTHRC1 was significantly high in LUAD. Similar results were also discovered in 4 cancer cell lines. Moreover, overexpressed/knock-down CTHRC1 cell lines were constructed. It was uncovered that overexpressing CTHRC1 promoted LUAD cell migration and invasion, and inhibited cell adhesion, while knocked down CTHRC1 had the opposite effect. Afterward, the upstream miRNAs that regulated CTHRC1 were predicted by several bioinformatics websites. It was testified by dual-luciferase method that CTHRC1 was negatively mediated by miR-30a-5p. Overexpressed miR-30a-5p suppressed cell invasion/migration, and increased cell adhesion, while overexpressing CTHRC1 as well reversed such impacts. In conclusion, it was disclosed in this study that CTHRC1 worked as a cancer promoter in LUAD, and miR-30a-5p could target and downregulate CTHRC1 to regulate cell adhesion, and inhibited LUAD cell invasion and migration. These results elucidated at cellular level that upregulated CTHRC1 may be a marker protein for LUAD metastasis.
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Peng D, Wei C, Zhang X, Li S, Liang H, Zheng X, Jiang S, Han L. Pan-cancer analysis combined with experiments predicts CTHRC1 as a therapeutic target for human cancers. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:566. [PMID: 34702252 PMCID: PMC8549344 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02266-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The function of collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 (CTHRC1) as an oncogene has been reported in a growing number of publications. Bioinformatics methods represent a beneficial approach to examine the mechanism and function of the CTHRC1 gene in the disease process of cancers from a pan-cancer perspective. METHODS In this study, using the online databases UCSC, NCBI, HPA, TIMER2, Oncomine, GEPIA, UALCAN, cBioPortal, COSMIC, MEXPRESS, STRING, CCLE, LinkedOmics, GTEx, TCGA, CGGA, and SangerBox, we focused on the relationship between CTHRC1 and tumorigenesis, progression, methylation, immunity, and prognosis. qPCR was used to detect CTHRC1 expression in glioma tissues and cell lines. RESULTS The pan-cancer analysis showed that CTHRC1 was overexpressed in most tumors, and a significant correlation was observed between CTHRC1 expression and the prognosis of patients with cancer. CTHRC1 genetic alterations occur in diverse tumors and are associated with tumor progression. Levels of CTHRC1 promoter methylation were decreased in most cancer tissues compared with normal tissues. In addition, CTHRC1 coordinated the activity of ICP genes through diverse signal transduction pathways, was also associated with immune cell infiltration and the tumor microenvironment, and potentially represented a promising immunotherapy target. We identified CTHRC1-related genes across cancers using the GEPIA2 tool. The single-gene GO analysis of CTHRC1 across cancers showed that it was involved in some signaling pathways and biological processes, such as the Wnt signaling pathway, cell migration, and positive regulation of protein binding. The expression and function of CTHRC1 were also further verified in glioma tissues and cell lines. CONCLUSIONS CTHRC1 is overexpressed in various cancer types and functions as an important oncogene that may promote tumorigenesis and development through different mechanisms. CTHRC1 may represent an important therapeutic target for human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dazhao Peng
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052 China
| | - Cheng Wei
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052 China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhang
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052 China
| | - Shenghui Li
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052 China
| | - Hao Liang
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052 China
| | - Xingyu Zheng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052 China
| | - Shulong Jiang
- Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, Jining First People’s Hospital, Jining Medical University, Jiankang Road, Jining, Shandong 272000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Han
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052 China
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Li H, Liu W, Zhang X, Wang Y. Cancer-associated fibroblast-secreted collagen triple helix repeat containing-1 promotes breast cancer cell migration, invasiveness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:814. [PMID: 34671428 PMCID: PMC8503808 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are continuously activated and are one of the most important cellular components of the tumor matrix. The role of CAFs in the tumor microenvironment has been widely recognized. However, the underlying molecular mechanism by which CAFs promote tumor characteristics in breast cancer (BC) remains poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential mechanisms and the possible pathways of collagen triple helix repeat containing-1 (CTHRC1) in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of BC cells. The level of CTHRC1 in BC tissues was found to be higher than that in adjacent-normal tissues. CAFs isolated from BC tissues secreted significantly greater amounts of CTHRC1 than normal fibroblasts. Furthermore, CAFs promoted the migration, invasiveness and EMT of BC cells by secreting CTHRC1, which activates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. However, the use of neutralizing antibodies towards CTHRC1, or the specific inhibitor Dickkopf-1, to inhibit the Wnt/β catenin pathway significantly alleviated the CAF-induced malignant phenotypes of BC cells. Collectively, the data indicate that CAFs in the tumor microenvironment promote BC cell malignant behaviors via the CTHRC1/Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Furthermore, weakening CAF-BC cell communication by suppressing CTHRC1 expression may be a novel strategy for treating BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixin Li
- Department III of Thyroid and Breast, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department III of Thyroid and Breast, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department III of Thyroid and Breast, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, P.R. China
| | - Yongfeng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Engineering University, Handan, Hebei 056002, P.R. China
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Tang Z, Ding X, Qin S, Zhang C. [Effects of RNA interference of CTHRC1 on proliferation and apoptosis of thyroid papillary cancer TCP-1 cells in vitro]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2021; 41:549-554. [PMID: 33963714 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.04.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the role of CTHRC1 in regulating the proliferation and apoptosis of papillary thyroid cancer cells. OBJECTIVE Papillary thyroid cancer TPC-1 cells were transfected with a small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting CTHRC1, with the cells transfected with a scrambled sequence as the negative control. The changes in cell proliferation and apoptosis were assessed using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry with AV/PI double staining, respectively. The expression of c-caspase-3, c-PARP1 and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in the cells were examined with Western blotting. OBJECTIVE Transfection with the siRNA sequence significantly decreased the mRNA and protein levels of CTHRC1 in TCP-1 cells (P < 0.05). Compared with blank and negative control cells, TCP-1 cells with RNA interference of CTHRC1 showed significantly lowered proliferative activity and enhanced cell apoptosis (P < 0.05) with significantly increased expressions of c-caspase-3 and c-PARP1 and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 (P < 0.05). OBJECTIVE RNA interference of CTHRC1 promotes the proliferation and inhibits apoptosis of papillary thyroid cancer cells possibly by activating the ERK1/2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Tang
- Department of Oncology Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - X Ding
- Department of Oncology Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - S Qin
- Department of Oncology Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - C Zhang
- Department of Oncology Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
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The Role of CTHRC1 in Regulation of Multiple Signaling and Tumor Progression and Metastasis. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:9578701. [PMID: 32848510 PMCID: PMC7441421 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9578701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen triple helix repeat containing-1 (CTHRC1) has been identified as cancer-related protein. CTHRC1 expresses mainly in adventitial fibroblasts and neointimal smooth muscle cells of balloon-injured vessels and promotes cell migration and tissue repair in response to injury. CTHRC1 plays a pivotal role in some pathophysiological processes, including increasing bone mass, preventing myelination, and reversing collagen synthesis in many tumor cells. The ascended expression of CTHRC1 is related to tumorigenesis, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis in various human malignancies, including gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, keloid, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, epithelial ovarian cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, cervical cancer, non-small-cell lung carcinoma, and melanoma. And molecules that regulate the expression of CTHRC1 include miRNAs, lncRNAs, WAIF1, and DPAGT1. Many reports have pointed that CTHRC1 could exert different effects through several signaling pathways such as TGF-β, Wnt, integrin β/FAK, Src/FAK, MEK/ERK, PI3K/AKT/ERK, HIF-1α, and PKC-δ/ERK signaling pathways. As a participant in tissue remodeling or immune response, CTHRC1 may promote early-stage cancer. Several recent studies have identified CTHRC1 as an effectual prognostic biomarker for predicting tumor recurrence or metastasis. It is worth noting that CTHRC1 has different cellular localization and mechanisms of action in different cells and different microenvironments. In this article, we focus on the advances in the signaling pathways mediated by CTHRC1 in tumors.
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Shih AJ, Murphy N, Kozel Z, Shah P, Yaskiv O, Khalili H, Liew A, Kavoussi L, Hall S, Vira M, Zhu XH, Lee AT. Prognostic Molecular Signatures for Metastatic Potential in Clinically Low-Risk Stage I and II Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinomas. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1383. [PMID: 32850445 PMCID: PMC7431518 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: For patients with localized node-negative (Stage I and II) clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCC), current clinicopathological staging has limited predictive capability because of their low risk. Analyzing molecular signatures at the time of nephrectomy can aid in understanding future metastatic potential. Objective: Develop a molecular signature that can stratify patients who have clinically low risk ccRCC, but have high risk genetic changes driving an aggressive metastatic phenotype. Patients, Materials, and Methods: Presented is the differential expression of mRNA and miRNA in 44 Stage I and Stage II patients, 21 who developed metastasis within 5 years of nephrectomy, compared to 23 patients who remained disease free for more than 5 years. Extracted RNA from nephrectomy specimens preserved in FFPE blocks was sequenced using RNAseq. MiRNA expression was performed using the TaqMan OpenArray qPCR protocol. Results: One hundred thirty one genes and 2 miRNA were differentially expressed between the two groups. Canonical correlation (CC) analysis was applied and four CCs (CC32, CC20, CC9, and CC7) have an AUC > 0.65 in our dataset with similar predictive power in the TCGA-KIRC dataset. Gene set enrichment showed CC9 as kidney development/adhesion, CC20 as oxidative phosphorylation pathway, CC32 as RNA binding/spindle and CC7 as immune response. In a multivariate Cox model, the four CCs were able to identify high/low risk groups for metastases in the TCGA-KIRC (p < 0.05) with odds ratios of CC32 = 5.7, CC20 = 4.4, CC9 = 3.6, and CC7 = 2.7. Conclusion: These results identify molecular signatures for more aggressive tumors in clinically low risk ccRCC patients who have a higher potential of metastasis than would be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Shih
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Neal Murphy
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States.,Division of Hospital Medicine, LIJ Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY, United States
| | - Zachary Kozel
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States.,The Smith Institute for Urology, New Hyde Park, NY, United States
| | - Paras Shah
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Oksana Yaskiv
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States.,Northwell Health Department of Pathology, New Hyde Park, NY, United States
| | - Houman Khalili
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Anthony Liew
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Louis Kavoussi
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States.,The Smith Institute for Urology, New Hyde Park, NY, United States
| | - Simon Hall
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States.,The Smith Institute for Urology, New Hyde Park, NY, United States
| | - Manish Vira
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States.,The Smith Institute for Urology, New Hyde Park, NY, United States
| | - Xin-Hua Zhu
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States.,Northwell Health Cancer Institute, Lake Success, NY, United States
| | - Annette T Lee
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
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Pang Y, Zhou D, Xue J, Zhou J, Zhang Y, Zheng G, Yuan S, Yao Y, Cheng Z. Interplay between CTHRC1 and the SU protein of avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) facilitates viral replication. Virus Res 2019; 264:32-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Han X, Piao L, Yuan X, Wang L, Liu Z, He X. Knockdown of NSD2 Suppresses Renal Cell Carcinoma Metastasis by Inhibiting Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16:1404-1411. [PMID: 31692936 PMCID: PMC6818196 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.36128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for around 85% of all primary kidney neoplasms, which is one of top 10 common cancers worldwide. Nuclear receptor suppressor of variegation, enhancer of zeste, and trithorax (SET) domain-containing 2 (NSD2), belonging to NSD protein family, functions as an oncogene in the pathogenesis of multiple cancers. Methods: GEO database was used to analyze the expression of NSD2 mRNA in renal cancer. Furthermore, NSD2 protein level in clear cell RCC (ccRCC) tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Knockdown efficiency of different siRNAs was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot analysis. The biological role and molecular mechanism of NSD2 in RCC metastasis were investigated via a series of functional experiments. Results: NSD2 mRNA was massively amplified in several types of renal cancer, especially in metastatic ccRCC. The expression level of NSD2 protein was elevated in ccRCC tissues, but not correlated with pathological grading. The migratory and invasive properties were significantly repressed in NSD2-silenced RCC cells, concurrent with an increase of E-cadherin expression and a decrease of N-cadherin and Vimentin expression. Conclusion: Down-regulation of NSD2 could potently suppress cell migration and invasion through inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), indicating that NSD2 may be a potential therapeutic target for metastatic RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Han
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 213003, Changzhou, China
| | - Lianhua Piao
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, 213001, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 213003, Changzhou, China
| | - Luhui Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 213003, Changzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 213003, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiaozhou He
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 213003, Changzhou, China
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Li N, Chen L, Liu C, Jiang Y, Rong J. Elevated CTHRC1 expression is an indicator for poor prognosis and lymph node metastasis in cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Hum Pathol 2018; 85:235-241. [PMID: 30381261 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 (CTHRC1) is overexpressed in different kinds of cancer tissues and may thus promote tumor formation. Thus, we aimed to explore whether CTHRC1 could be a predictor of clinical significance including survival in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). Western blot analysis was conducted in 20 frozen tissue specimens of CSCC and 10 frozen tissue sections of normal cervix. Immunohistochemistry was performed in 130 tissues with CSCC. The relationships of CTHRC1 expression with clinicopathological variables, and prognosis of CSCCs were explored. Statistical analyses were carried out using χ2 test, multivariate Cox proportional-hazard model, Kaplan-Meier method, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression. The expression of the CTHRC1 protein was significantly higher in tumors than in normal tissues (P < .001). CTHRC1 overexpression was strongly associated with the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage (P = .038), histologic grade (P < .001), stromal infiltration depth (P < .001), lymphovascular space invasion (P = .023), lymph node metastasis (P = .001), and recurrence (P = .021). The multivariate proportional-hazard model revealed that CTHRC1 overexpression was an independent predictor of overall survival and disease-free survival (P = .034 and P = .025, respectively). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that high CTHRC1 expression was positively correlated with lymph node metastasis (odds ratio: 2.658; 95% confidence interval: 1.120-6.305; P = .020). Therefore, CTHRC1 may be a valuable biomarker for predicting the prognosis and metastasis of CSCC and a potential therapeutic target for treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, 163000.
| | - Lichun Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, 163000
| | - Chunying Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, 163000
| | - Yaping Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, 163000
| | - Jiawei Rong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, 163000
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Ni S, Ren F, Xu M, Tan C, Weng W, Huang Z, Sheng W, Huang D. CTHRC1 overexpression predicts poor survival and enhances epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer. Cancer Med 2018; 7:5643-5654. [PMID: 30302922 PMCID: PMC6247052 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen triple helix repeat containing (CTHRC1), which was identified as a cancer‐related factor, is a promigratory protein involved in multiple processes, including vascular remodeling, antifibrosis, metabolism, bone formation, and cancer. In this study, we aimed to investigate the clinical significance and possible role of CTHRC1 in the process of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) in colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we revealed that CTHRC1 mRNA and protein levels are both upregulated in CRC tissues compared with those of paired noncancerous tissues. Moreover, the overexpression of CTHRC1 correlated with poor prognosis in patients with CRC (especially colon cancer). Furthermore, we showed that CTHRC1 induced EMT and promoted cell motility in CRC cells. Importantly, we demonstrated that CTHRC1 promoted EMT by activating transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) signaling, revealing a possible effective therapeutic treatment for patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Ni
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Ren
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Midie Xu
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Tan
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Weng
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaohui Huang
- Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Weiqi Sheng
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Sun X, Wang M, Zhang F, Kong X. An integrated analysis of genome-wide DNA methylation and gene expression data in hepatocellular carcinoma. FEBS Open Bio 2018; 8:1093-1103. [PMID: 29988590 PMCID: PMC6026698 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite progress in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 5-year survival rates remain low. Thus, a more comprehensive approach to explore the mechanism of HCC is needed to provide new leads for targeted therapy. We performed an integrated analysis to discover the relationship between DNA methylation and gene expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). DNA methylation and gene expression data for HCC were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and differential analysis was performed. Correlation analysis between DNA methylation and gene expression data was then performed in R language. Finally, we selected several crucial genes and evaluated their potential use as diagnostic biomarkers for HCC. In total, 1135 differentially DNA-methylated CpG sites (DMCs), 377 differentially methylated regions (DMRs), and 1194 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in HCC. Among the DEGs, 14 genes (ALX3, B4GALNT1,CTHRC1,DLX5,EMX1,IRX3,OTX1,SIX2,TLX1,VASH2,ZIC2,ZIC4,ZIC5, and ZNF695) exhibited changes in DNA methylation in terms of CpG sites or CpG island (CGI) level, of which TLX1 and ZIC4 had the most DMCs (12 and 13, respectively). Further analysis of CTHRC1,ZIC4,SIX2,VASH2,IL17D,TLX1,OTX1, and LART, examining alterations in both DNA methylation and gene expression level in HCC, showed their potential diagnostic value for HCC was better at the gene expression level than that the DNA methylation level. The DNA methylation status of CTHRC1,VASH2, and IL7D was significantly associated with HCC overall survival (P-value <0.05). This systemic analysis identified a group of novel gene signatures (CTHRC1,ZIC4, and OTX1) that may be regulated by DNA hypermethylation, which may be closely associated with HCC.
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