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Rahmati A, Mafi A, Vakili O, Soleymani F, Alishahi Z, Yahyazadeh S, Gholinezhad Y, Rezaee M, Johnston TP, Sahebkar A. Non-coding RNAs in leukemia drug resistance: new perspectives on molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways. Ann Hematol 2024; 103:1455-1482. [PMID: 37526673 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-023-05383-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Like almost all cancer types, timely diagnosis is needed for leukemias to be effectively cured. Drug efflux, attenuated drug uptake, altered drug metabolism, and epigenetic alterations are just several of the key mechanisms by which drug resistance develops. All of these mechanisms are orchestrated by up- and downregulators, in which non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) do not encode specific proteins in most cases; albeit, some of them have been found to exhibit the potential for protein-coding. Notwithstanding, ncRNAs are chiefly known for their contribution to the regulation of physiological processes, as well as the pathological ones, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and immune responses. Specifically, in the case of leukemia chemo-resistance, ncRNAs have been recognized to be responsible for modulating the initiation and progression of drug resistance. Herein, we comprehensively reviewed the role of ncRNAs, specifically its effect on molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways, in the development of leukemia drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefe Rahmati
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Alireza Mafi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Omid Vakili
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Autophagy Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Firooze Soleymani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Alishahi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Sheida Yahyazadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Yasaman Gholinezhad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Rezaee
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Thomas P Johnston
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, the, Islamic Republic of Iran.
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, the, Islamic Republic of Iran.
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, the, Islamic Republic of Iran.
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Implication of microRNAs in Carcinogenesis with Emphasis on Hematological Malignancies and Clinical Translation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105838. [PMID: 35628648 PMCID: PMC9143361 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are evolutionarily conserved small non-coding RNAs, that are involved in the multistep process of carcinogenesis, contributing to all established hallmarks of cancer. In this review, implications of miRNAs in hematological malignancies and their clinical utilization fields are discussed. As components of the complex regulatory network of gene expression, influenced by the tissue microenvironment and epigenetic modifiers, miRNAs are “micromanagers” of all physiological processes including the regulation of hematopoiesis and metabolic pathways. Dysregulated miRNA expression levels contribute to both the initiation and progression of acute leukemias, the metabolic reprogramming of malignantly transformed hematopoietic precursors, and to the development of chemoresistance. Since they are highly stable and can be easily quantified in body fluids and tissue specimens, miRNAs are promising biomarkers for the early detection of hematological malignancies. Besides novel opportunities for differential diagnosis, miRNAs can contribute to advanced chemoresistance prediction and prognostic stratification of acute leukemias. Synthetic oligonucleotides and delivery vehicles aim the therapeutic modulation of miRNA expression levels. However, major challenges such as efficient delivery to specific locations, differences of miRNA expression patterns between pediatric and adult hematological malignancies, and potential side effects of miRNA-based therapies should be considered.
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Clinical Value of Serum miRNA in Patients with Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:7315879. [PMID: 35401744 PMCID: PMC8993542 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7315879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Objective To explore the clinical value of specific miRNA in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia. Methods 129 patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia diagnosed in our hospital from January 2015 to January 2020 were selected as the observation group. At the same time, 74 patients with nonacute promyelocytic leukemia who underwent bone marrow aspiration were included as the control group. The expression levels of miR-126-5p and miR-13, different characteristic parameters, and prognosis were compared between the two groups, and the clinical significance of miR-126-5p and miR-13 in acute promyelocytic leukemia was analyzed. Results The expression of miR-126-5p (12.31 ± 2.25 versus 17.30 ± 3.28) and miR-13 (16.05 ± 3.47 versus 21.66 ± 2.18) in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The expression level of miR-126-5p was significantly correlated with lactate dehydrogenase level, HGB level, NPM1 mutant type, and complete remission (P < 0.05). The expression level of miR-13 was significantly correlated with HGB level, NPM1 mutant type, and complete remission (P < 0.05). Both expression levels of miR-126-5p and miR-13 were not correlated with sex, age, WBC, PLT, proportion of bone marrow primordial cells, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, lymph node enlargement, and FLT3-ITD (P > 0.05). Cox multivariate regression analysis showed that peripheral blood WBC, bone marrow blast cell count, and miR-126-5p and miR-13 were prognostic factors in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (P < 0.05). The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and AUC of serum miR-126-5p prediction were 75.83%, 84.56%, 82.17%, and 0.729, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and AUC of serum miR-13 prediction were 78.64%, 88.49%, 86.20% and 0.882, respectively. Conclusion Serum miR-126-5p and miR-13 are closely related to the prognosis of patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia. Serum miR-126-5p and miR-13 can be used as reliable indexes to predict the prognosis of patients.
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Nie D, Ma P, Chen Y, Zhao H, Liu L, Xin D, Cao W, Wang F, Meng X, Liu L, Xie M, Sun L. MiR-204 suppresses the progression of acute myeloid leukemia through HGF/c-Met pathway. Hematology 2021; 26:931-939. [PMID: 34789086 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2021.1981533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) was confirmed to be associated with hematopoietic insufficiency, as well as abnormal proliferation, differentiation or survival of myeloid progenitors. Multiple studies reported that microRNA-204 (miR-204) and Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) played important roles in types of cancers. However, the potential molecular regulatory mechanism between miR-204 and HGF in AML remains to be further defined. Real-time PCR (RT-PCR) was adopted to detect the expression of miR-204 and HG. Relative protein levels were detected by western blot assay. The viability, cell cycle, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were analyzed by MTT, flow cytometry, and transwell assays. Moreover, the target relationship between miR-204 and HGF was predicted by MiRcode website and confirmed by luciferase reporter, RNA pull-down, and western blot assays. Our data suggested that miR-204 was downregulated in AML serum samples and cells. MiR-204 overexpression repressed cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and induced cell apoptosis in AML cells. HGF was upregulated in AML samples and cells, and HGF knockdown inhibited the malignancy of AML cells. In addition, HGF was directly targeted by miR-204. HGF overexpression reversed the effects of miR-204 mimic on AML cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. Besides, miR-204 regulated the c-Met signaling by targeting HGF, thereby regulating the downstream protein levels related to cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion in AML cells. In conclusion, miR-204 could regulate AML progression through regulating the HGF/c-Met pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingrui Nie
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Ma
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanli Chen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huayan Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dao Xin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijie Cao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - XiaoLi Meng
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Linxiang Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Menghan Xie
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Sun
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
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Gong T, Shuang Y. Expression and Clinical Value of Eukaryotic Translation Elongation Factor 1A1 (EEF1A1) in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:7247-7258. [PMID: 34737619 PMCID: PMC8559353 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s324645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1A1 (EEF1A1) participates in protein translation and has been reported to be involved in tumor progression such as hepatocellular carcinoma. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common lymphoid malignancy in adults. In the present study, we aimed to detect the expression of EEF1A1 in DLBCL and to analyze its relationship with prognosis. Methods We reviewed medical records of DLBCL patients in our hospital and evaluated their expression level of EEF1A1 in tumor tissues using immunohistochemical (IHC) assay. The Chi-square method was used for correlation analysis. The Kaplan–Meier method with Log rank test was used for univariate analysis. Cox proportional hazards model was used for multivariate analysis. Cellular and mice models were introduced to validate its oncogenic role. Results EEF1A1 expression in tumor cells was higher in certain DLBCL cases. Patients with higher EEF1A1 expression were more likely to have advanced tumor stage and poorer 5-year overall survival (OS) rates. EEF1A1 expression in tumor cells was an independent risk predictor for OS (P < 0.05). Cellular assays demonstrated that EEF1A1-shRNA significantly inhibited lymphoma cell proliferation. The study of xenografts further verified the effect of EEF1A1-shRNA on suppressing tumor growth in vivo. Conclusion EEF1A1 positivity predicts short survival in DLBCL patients. For patients with higher EEF1A1 expression, more strategy such as anti-EEF1A1 antibody treatment should be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiejun Gong
- Institute of Hematology and Oncology, Harbin the First Hospital, Harbin, 150010, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuerong Shuang
- Department of Lymphatic Hematology and Oncology, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, 330029, People's Republic of China
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Kalushkova A, Nylund P, Párraga AA, Lennartsson A, Jernberg-Wiklund H. One Omics Approach Does Not Rule Them All: The Metabolome and the Epigenome Join Forces in Haematological Malignancies. EPIGENOMES 2021; 5:epigenomes5040022. [PMID: 34968247 PMCID: PMC8715477 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes5040022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant DNA methylation, dysregulation of chromatin-modifying enzymes, and microRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in haematological malignancies. These epimutations, with an impact on chromatin accessibility and transcriptional output, are often associated with genomic instability and the emergence of drug resistance, disease progression, and poor survival. In order to exert their functions, epigenetic enzymes utilize cellular metabolites as co-factors and are highly dependent on their availability. By affecting the expression of metabolic enzymes, epigenetic modifiers may aid the generation of metabolite signatures that could be utilized as targets and biomarkers in cancer. This interdependency remains often neglected and poorly represented in studies, despite well-established methods to study the cellular metabolome. This review critically summarizes the current knowledge in the field to provide an integral picture of the interplay between epigenomic alterations and the cellular metabolome in haematological malignancies. Our recent findings defining a distinct metabolic signature upon response to enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) inhibition in multiple myeloma (MM) highlight how a shift of preferred metabolic pathways may potentiate novel treatments. The suggested link between the epigenome and the metabolome in haematopoietic tumours holds promise for the use of metabolic signatures as possible biomarkers of response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Kalushkova
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden; (P.N.); (A.A.P.); (H.J.-W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Patrick Nylund
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden; (P.N.); (A.A.P.); (H.J.-W.)
| | - Alba Atienza Párraga
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden; (P.N.); (A.A.P.); (H.J.-W.)
| | - Andreas Lennartsson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, NEO, Karolinska Institutet, 14157 Huddinge, Sweden;
| | - Helena Jernberg-Wiklund
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden; (P.N.); (A.A.P.); (H.J.-W.)
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Maimaitiyiming Y, Wang QQ, Hsu CH, Naranmandura H. Arsenic induced epigenetic changes and relevance to treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia and beyond. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 406:115212. [PMID: 32882258 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations regulate gene expression without changes in the DNA sequence. It is well-demonstrated that aberrant epigenetic changes contribute to the leukemogenesis of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is one of the most common drugs used in the frontline treatment of APL that act through targeting and destabilizing the PML/RARα oncofusion protein. ATO together with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) lead to durable remission of more than 90% non-high-risk APL patients, turning APL treatment into a paradigm of oncoprotein targeted cure. Although relapse and drug resistance in APL are yet to be resolved in the clinic, epigenetic machineries might hold the key to address this issue. Further, ATO also showed promising anticancer activities against a variety of malignancies, but its application is particularly restricted due to limited understanding of the mechanism. Thus, a thorough understanding of epigenetic mechanism behind anti-leukemic effects of ATO would benefit the development of ATO-based anticancer strategy. Role of ATRA on APL associated epigenetic alterations has been extensively studied and reviewed. Recently, accumulating evidence suggest that ATO also induces some epigenetic changes that might favor APL eradication. In this article, we comprehensively discuss arsenic induced epigenetic changes and its relevance in APL treatment and beyond, so as to provide novel insights into overcoming arsenic resistance in APL and promote application of this drug to other malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasen Maimaitiyiming
- Department of Hematology of First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Qian Wang
- Department of Hematology of First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chih-Hung Hsu
- Department of Public Health, and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Hua Naranmandura
- Department of Hematology of First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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Xu J, Song J, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Yang L, Sha Y, Sun B, You N, Tian X, Lin R, Wu Y. Jinzhi protects lipopolysaccharide-treated mice against mortality by repairing intestinal mucosal barrier damage and intestinal microecology. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 123:109749. [PMID: 31846840 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intestinal mucosal barrier damage is an important mechanism for the development of sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. At present, there are no satisfactory and effective methods for the protection of the intestinal mucosal barrier. Jinzhi, the first fecal microbiota transplantation worldwide, is often used to treat critically ill patients; however, the specific mechanism involved in this process remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Jinzhi intervention on mice with sepsis induced through treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). METHODS Mice were intraperitoneally injected with LPS to simulate intestinal mucosal barrier function damage in sepsis; intervention was performed through the oral administration of Jinzhi. The effect of Jinzhi on LPS-induced sepsis was analyzed by comparing the vital signs and survival rate of mice under different treatments. Pathological staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to identify the effects of LPS or treatment with Jinzhi on the intestinal mucosal barrier in mice. The effect of LPS or treatment with Jinzhi on the intestinal flora was analyzed via 16S rRNA gene sequencing of ileal contents. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that treatment with LPS increased levels of inflammatory factors (interleukin-1α, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α), caspase-3, and caspase-8 in the serum and ileum, and destroyed the tight junction between epithelial cells. Intervention with Jinzhi reduced levels of serum LPS and tumor necrosis factor-α, and repaired the tight junction between epithelial cells. Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis showed that treatment with Jinzhi improved the diversity and physiological function of the intestinal flora. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that Jinzhi may be a promising option for the treatment of sepsis caused by LPS, and emphasize that Jinzhi exerts a recovery effect on the imbalance of intestinal flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Xu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine and Traumatology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China; Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Junyao Song
- Traditional Chinese Medicine and Traumatology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Yanming Zhang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine and Traumatology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Yingxu Wang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine and Traumatology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine and Traumatology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Yinyin Sha
- Traditional Chinese Medicine and Traumatology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Bowen Sun
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Na You
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Xinbao Tian
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Ruizhu Lin
- Traditional Chinese Medicine and Traumatology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China.
| | - Yongli Wu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine and Traumatology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China.
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Wang J, Mao N, Liu Y, Xie X, Tian J, Li F, Chen J. Inhibition of miR-16 enhances the sensitivity of fibroblast-like synovial cells to methotrexate by restraining MDR1/P-gp expression via NF-κB pathway. RSC Adv 2019; 9:26619-26627. [PMID: 35528582 PMCID: PMC9070447 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra04991f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are demonstrated to contribute to the regulation of drug resistance in a number of diseases. Nevertheless, little is known about the role and the underlying mechanism of miR-16 in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) methotrexate resistance. In this study, we firstly examined the miR-16 expression in the serum and synovial fluid from RA patients who were unresponsive to methotrexate monotherapy (UR-MTX patients) and responsive RA patients (R-MTX patients). Secondly, the miR-16 expression was measured in both fibroblast-like synovial cells (FLS) and methotrexate resistance RA-FLS cells (FLS-MTX). FLS cells used in this study were isolated from synovial tissue specimens obtained from patients with RA who underwent total joint replacement. FLS-MTX cells were conducted by gradually increasing the concentration of methotrexate in the medium. The construction of FLS-MTX cells was confirmed by 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo(-z-y1)-3,5-di-phenytetrazoliumromide (MTT) assay. Thirdly, in order to further investigate the role of miR-16 in FLS-MTX cells, we introduced miR-16 inhibitor into FLS-MTX cells to knockdown the expression of miR-16, used fluorescence quantitative PCR to detect the inhibition efficiency. The effects of miR-16 inhibition on cell viability, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in FLS-MTX cells were monitored with MTT and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. And the regulation of miR-16 on P-glycoprotein (P-gp) was performed using qRT-PCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining. Fourthly, ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (PDTC), a NF-κB pathway inhibitor, was applied to verify the mechanism by which miR-16 involved in to regulate the P-gp expression, and thus contributing to the methotrexate resistance in FLS-MTX cells. MiR-16 was upregulated in the in serum and synovial fluid from UR-MTX patients as well as in FLS-MTX cells. Inhibition of miR-16 re-sensitized the FLS-MTX cells to methotrexate by suppressing the cell viability, cell promoting cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase and enhancing apoptosis. Knockdown of miR-16 significantly reduced MDR1 mRNA expression and P-gp protein expression in FLS-MTX cells. Furthermore, inhibition of NF-κB pathway by PDTC reinforced the effect of miR-16 knockdown on P-gp expression, cell viability, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. In conclusion, our study illustrated that inhibition of miR-16 in FLS-MTX cells alleviated methotrexate resistance by inhibiting MDR1/P-gp expression through inactivation of the NF-κB pathway. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are demonstrated to contribute to the regulation of drug resistance in a number of diseases.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province Kunming 650034 Yunnan Province China.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University No. 139 Middle Renmin Road Changsha 410011 Hunan Province China +86-731-85533525 +86-731-85295888
| | - Ni Mao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University No. 139 Middle Renmin Road Changsha 410011 Hunan Province China +86-731-85533525 +86-731-85295888
| | - Yiming Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University No. 139 Middle Renmin Road Changsha 410011 Hunan Province China +86-731-85533525 +86-731-85295888
| | - Xi Xie
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University No. 139 Middle Renmin Road Changsha 410011 Hunan Province China +86-731-85533525 +86-731-85295888
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University No. 139 Middle Renmin Road Changsha 410011 Hunan Province China +86-731-85533525 +86-731-85295888
| | - Fen Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University No. 139 Middle Renmin Road Changsha 410011 Hunan Province China +86-731-85533525 +86-731-85295888
| | - Jinwei Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University No. 139 Middle Renmin Road Changsha 410011 Hunan Province China +86-731-85533525 +86-731-85295888
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