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Epigenetic Changes Occurring in Plant Inbreeding. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065407. [PMID: 36982483 PMCID: PMC10048984 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Inbreeding is the crossing of closely related individuals in nature or a plantation or self-pollinating plants, which produces plants with high homozygosity. This process can reduce genetic diversity in the offspring and decrease heterozygosity, whereas inbred depression (ID) can often reduce viability. Inbred depression is common in plants and animals and has played a significant role in evolution. In the review, we aim to show that inbreeding can, through the action of epigenetic mechanisms, affect gene expression, resulting in changes in the metabolism and phenotype of organisms. This is particularly important in plant breeding because epigenetic profiles can be linked to the deterioration or improvement of agriculturally important characteristics.
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Walisch TJ, Colling G, Hermant S, Matthies D. Molecular and quantitative genetic variation within and between populations of the declining grassland species Saxifraga granulata. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9462. [PMID: 36415877 PMCID: PMC9674452 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Formerly common plant species are expected to be particularly susceptible to recent habitat fragmentation. We studied the population genetics of 19 recently fragmented Saxifraga granulata populations (max. distance 61 km) in Luxembourg and neighboring Germany using RAPD markers and a common garden experiment. We assessed (1) the relationships between plant fitness, quantitative genetic variation, molecular genetic variation, and population size; and (2) the relative importance of genetic drift and selection in shaping genetic variation. Molecular genetic diversity was high but did not correlate with population size, habitat conditions, or plant performance. Genetic differentiation was low (F ST = 0.079 ± 0.135), and there was no isolation by distance. Longevity, clonality, and the long-lived seed bank of S. granulata may have prevented strong genetic erosion and genetic differentiation among populations. However, genetic distinctness increased with decreasing genetic diversity indicating that random genetic drift occurred in the studied populations. Quantitative and molecular genetic variations were correlated, and their differentiation (Q ST vs. F ST) among S. granulata populations was similar, suggesting that mainly random processes have shaped the quantitative genetic differentiation among populations. However, pairwise quantitative genetic distances increased with geographic and climatic distances, even when adjusted for molecular genetic distances, indicating diversifying selection. Our results indicate that long-lived clonal species may be buffered at least temporarily against the negative effects of fragmentation. The relationship between quantitative genetic and geographic distance may be a more sensitive indicator of selection than Q ST-F ST differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania J. Walisch
- Musée National d'Histoire NaturelleLuxembourg CityLuxembourg
- Department of BiologyPhilipps‐Universität MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Guy Colling
- Musée National d'Histoire NaturelleLuxembourg CityLuxembourg
| | - Sylvie Hermant
- Musée National d'Histoire NaturelleLuxembourg CityLuxembourg
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Stresses affect inbreeding depression in complex ways: disentangling stress-specific genetic effects from effects of initial size in plants. Heredity (Edinb) 2021; 127:347-356. [PMID: 34188195 PMCID: PMC8478953 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-021-00454-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The magnitude of inbreeding depression (ID) varies unpredictably among environments. ID often increases in stressful environments suggesting that these expose more deleterious alleles to selection or increase their effects. More simply, ID could increase under conditions that amplify phenotypic variation (CV²), e.g., by accentuating size hierarchies among plants. These mechanisms are difficult to distinguish when stress increases both ID and phenotypic variation. We grew in- and outbred progeny of Mimulus guttatus under six abiotic stress treatments (control, waterlogging, drought, nutrient deficiency, copper addition, and clipping) with and without competition by the grass Poa palustris. ID differed greatly among stress treatments with δ varying from 7% (control) to 61% (waterlogging) but did not consistently increase with stress intensity. Poa competition increased ID under nutrient deficiency but not other stresses. Analyzing effects of initial size on performance of outbred plants suggests that under some conditions (low N, clipping) competition increased ID by amplifying initial size differences. In other cases (e.g., high ID under waterlogging), particular environments amplified the deleterious genetic effects of inbreeding suggesting differential gene expression. Interestingly, conditions that increased the phenotypic variability of inbred progeny regularly increased ID whereas variability among outbred progeny showed no relationship to ID. Our study reconciles the stress- and phenotypic variability hypotheses by demonstrating how specific conditions (rather than stress per se) act to increase ID. Analyzing CV² separately in inbred and outbred progeny while including effects of initial plant size improve our ability to predict how ID and gene expression vary across environments.
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Rodríguez-Peña RA, León RCD, Manzueta-Acevedo K, Fernández-Canela J, Bastardo RH. Genetic Diversity and Reproductive Biology of Two Species of Vaccinium (Ericaceae) in the Dominican Republic. CARIBB J SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.18475/cjos.v51i1.a15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa A. Rodríguez-Peña
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A
| | - Rosanna Carreras-De León
- Instituto Tecnológico de Santo Domingo, Área de Ciencias Básicas y Ambientales, Departamento de Biología, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | | | | | - Ruth H. Bastardo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Botánicas y Zoológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
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Rehling F, Matthies D, Sandner TM. Responses of a legume to inbreeding and the intensity of novel and familiar stresses. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:1255-1267. [PMID: 30805157 PMCID: PMC6374648 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
It is often assumed that the negative effects of inbreeding on fitness (inbreeding depression, ID) are particularly strong under stressful conditions. However, ID may be relatively mild under types of stress that plant populations have experienced for a long time, because environment-specific deleterious alleles may already have been purged. We examined the performance of open- and self-pollinated progeny of the short-lived calcareous grassland plant Anthyllis vulneraria under three intensities of each of five types of stress. Drought, nutrient deficiency, and defoliation were chosen as stresses typical for the habitat of origin, while shade and waterlogging were expected to be novel, unfamiliar stresses for A. vulneraria. The stresses reduced plant biomass by up to 91%, and the responses of the plants were mostly in line with the functional equilibrium hypothesis. There was significant ID in biomass (δ = 0.17), leaf chlorophyll content, and the number of root nodules of the legume, but the magnitude of ID was independent of the stress treatments. In particular, there was no significant interaction between inbreeding and the intensity of any stress type, and ID was not higher under novel than under familiar stresses. In addition, phenotypic plasticity in biomass allocation, leaf functional traits and in root nodulation of the legume to the various stress treatments was not influenced by inbreeding. Our findings do not support the common hypothesis of stronger ID under stressful environments, not even if the stresses are novel to the plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finn Rehling
- Department of Nature Conservation, Faculty of BiologyPhilipps‐University MarburgMarburgGermany
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of BiologyPhilipps‐University MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Diethart Matthies
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of BiologyPhilipps‐University MarburgMarburgGermany
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Sandner TM, Matthies D. Interactions of inbreeding and stress by poor host quality in a root hemiparasite. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2017; 119:143-150. [PMID: 27634574 PMCID: PMC5218370 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcw190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Populations of many hemiparasitic plants are fragmented and threatened by inbreeding depression (ID). In addition, they may also be strongly affected by a lack of suitable host species. However, nothing is known about possible interactive effects of inbreeding and host quality for parasitic plants. Poor host quality represents a special type of biotic stress and the magnitude of ID is often expected to be higher in more stressful environments. METHODS We studied the effects of inbreeding and the quality of host species for the declining root hemiparasite Rhinanthus alectorolophus Selfed and open-pollinated parasites from two natural populations were grown (1) with 13 potential host species and (2) with 15 four-species mixtures. KEY RESULTS ID differed among host species and mixtures. In the first experiment, ID was highest in parasites grown with good hosts and declined with stress intensity. In the second experiment, ID was not influenced by stress intensity, but was highest in mixtures of hosts from only one functional group and lowest in mixtures containing three functional groups. Both parasite performance with individual host species and the damage to these host species differed between parasites from the two study populations. CONCLUSIONS Our results contradict the common assumption that ID is generally higher in more stressful environments. In addition, they support the importance of diverse host communities for hemiparasitic plants. The differences in host quality between the two parasite populations indicate genetic variation in the adaptation to individual hosts and in host-specific virulence. However, inbreeding did not affect specific host-parasite interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Michael Sandner
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Philipps-University, Marburg, D-35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Diethart Matthies
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Philipps-University, Marburg, D-35043 Marburg, Germany
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Maurice T, Matthies D, Muller S, Colling G. Genetic structure of colline and montane populations of an endangered plant species. AOB PLANTS 2016; 8:plw057. [PMID: 27519913 PMCID: PMC5070612 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plw057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Due to land-use intensification, lowland and colline populations of many plants of nutrient-poor grasslands have been strongly fragmented in the last decades, with potentially negative consequences for their genetic diversity and persistence. Populations in mountains might represent a genetic reservoir for grassland plants, because they have been less affected by land-use changes. We studied the genetic structure and diversity of colline and montane Vosges populations of the threatened perennial plant Arnica montana in western central Europe using AFLP markers. Our results indicate that in contrast to our expectation even strongly fragmented colline populations of A. montana have conserved a considerable amount of genetic diversity. However, mean seed mass increased with the proportion of polymorphic loci, suggesting inbreeding effects in low diversity populations. At a similar small geographical scale there was a clear IBD pattern for the montane Vosges but not for the colline populations. However, there was a strong IBD-pattern for the colline populations at a large geographical scale suggesting that this pattern is a legacy of historical gene flow, as most of the colline populations are today strongly isolated from each other. Genetic differentiation between colline and montane Vosges populations was strong. Moreover, results of a genome scan study indicated differences in loci under selection, suggesting that plants from montane Vosges populations might be maladapted to conditions at colline sites. Our results suggest caution in using material from montane populations of rare plants for the reinforcement of small genetically depauperate lowland populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiphaine Maurice
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7360, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), rue du Général Delestraint, 57070 Metz, France Musée National d'Histoire Naturelle, Population Biology and Evolution, 25 rue Münster L-2160 Luxembourg, Luxembourg. Fondation Faune Flore, 24 rue Münster L-2160 Luxembourg
| | - Diethart Matthies
- Philipps-Universität, Fachbereich Biologie, Pflanzenökologie, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Serge Muller
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS UMR 7360, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), rue du Général Delestraint, 57070 Metz, France Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, UMR 7205 ISYEB, CNRS, Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, EPHE, Sorbonne Universités, CP 39, 16 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Guy Colling
- Musée National d'Histoire Naturelle, Population Biology and Evolution, 25 rue Münster L-2160 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L. Soper Gorden
- Department of Biology and Graduate Program in Plant BiologyUniversity of Massachusetts 221 Morrill Science Center South 611 North Pleasant Street Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
| | - Lynn S. Adler
- Department of Biology and Graduate Program in Plant BiologyUniversity of Massachusetts 221 Morrill Science Center South 611 North Pleasant Street Amherst Massachusetts 01003 USA
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Sandner TM, Matthies D. The effects of stress intensity and stress type on inbreeding depression in Silene vulgaris. Evolution 2016; 70:1225-38. [PMID: 27110935 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Inbreeding depression (ID) is generally assumed to increase under stressful conditions, but a number of studies have found the opposite pattern, that is that crossed offspring were more capable of exploiting benign conditions. Alternatively, the phenotypic variation hypothesis predicts that not stress intensity, but enhanced phenotypic variation in an environment leads to increased ID. We subjected inbred and crossed offspring of Silene vulgaris to drought, simulated herbivory, copper contamination, and two levels of nutrient deficiency and shade. In contrast to the predominant expectation, most stress treatments decreased inbreeding depression. With increasing nutrient limitation, ID decreased strongly, whereas under increasing shade ID did not change. These differences may be due to purging in the population of origin where conditions are nutrient-poor and dry, but not shaded. In contrast to the greenhouse experiment, ID was higher in a field site than in a more benign common garden. However, the predictions of the phenotypic variation hypothesis were met in both the greenhouse and the field versus garden experiment. The results suggest that there may be no general relationship between ID and stress intensity, but specific effects of stress type and the novelty and variability of the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Michael Sandner
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, D-35043 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Diethart Matthies
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, D-35043 Marburg, Germany
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Liu M, Compton SG, Peng FE, Zhang J, Chen XY. Movements of genes between populations: are pollinators more effective at transferring their own or plant genetic markers? Proc Biol Sci 2016; 282:20150290. [PMID: 25948688 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The transfer of genes between populations is increasingly important in a world where pollinators are declining, plant and animal populations are increasingly fragmented and climate change is forcing shifts in distribution. The distances that pollen can be transported by small insects are impressive, as is the extensive gene flow between their own populations. We compared the relative ease by which small insects introduce genetic markers into their own and host-plant populations. Gene flow via seeds and pollen between populations of an Asian fig species were evaluated using cpDNA and nuclear DNA markers, and between-population gene flow of its pollinator fig wasp was determined using microsatellites. This insect is the tree's only pollinator locally, and only reproduces in its figs. The plant's pollen-to-seed dispersal ratio was 9.183-9.437, smaller than that recorded for other Ficus. The relative effectiveness of the pollinator at introducing markers into its own populations was higher than the rate it introduced markers into the plant's populations (ratio = 14 : 1), but given the demographic differences between plant and pollinator, pollen transfer effectiveness is remarkably high. Resource availability affects the dispersal of fig wasps, and host-plant flowering phenology here and in other plant-pollinator systems may strongly influence relative gene flow rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Tiantong National Station of Forest Ecosystem, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Stephen G Compton
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Fo-En Peng
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Tiantong National Station of Forest Ecosystem, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Tiantong National Station of Forest Ecosystem, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yong Chen
- School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Tiantong National Station of Forest Ecosystem, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
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Bucharova A, Michalski S, Hermann JM, Heveling K, Durka W, Hölzel N, Kollmann J, Bossdorf O. Genetic differentiation and regional adaptation among seed origins used for grassland restoration: lessons from a multispecies transplant experiment. J Appl Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bucharova
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology; Institute of Evolution & Ecology; University of Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 5 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Stefan Michalski
- Department of Community Ecology (BZF); Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ; Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4 06120 Halle Germany
| | - Julia-Maria Hermann
- Restoration Ecology; Department of Ecology & Ecosystem Management; Technical University Munich; Emil-Ramann-Str. 6 85354 Freising Germany
| | - Karola Heveling
- Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research Group; Institute of Landscape Ecology; University of Münster; Heisenbergstr. 2 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Walter Durka
- Department of Community Ecology (BZF); Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ; Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4 06120 Halle Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig; Deutscher Platz 5e 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Norbert Hölzel
- Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research Group; Institute of Landscape Ecology; University of Münster; Heisenbergstr. 2 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Johannes Kollmann
- Restoration Ecology; Department of Ecology & Ecosystem Management; Technical University Munich; Emil-Ramann-Str. 6 85354 Freising Germany
| | - Oliver Bossdorf
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology; Institute of Evolution & Ecology; University of Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 5 72076 Tübingen Germany
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van der Meer S, Jacquemyn H. The effect of phenological variation in sex expression on female reproductive success in Saxifraga granulata. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2015; 102:2116-2123. [PMID: 26656126 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1500324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Differences in timing of flowering within and among protandrous plants shift the floral sex ratio from male to female dominance during the flowering season. Hence, the number of seeds produced by a single flower depends on traits of the flower itself (e.g., allocation to male and female function, position within an inflorescence, and flower size), as well as plant traits (e.g., timing of flowering, number of flowers, and plant height). Although it is clear that characteristics of individual flowers and whole plants can affect the number of seeds produced per flower, their relative importance for plant fitness remains largely unknown. METHODS We examined how phenological sex expression affected seed number per flower in two populations of the protandrous grassland herb Saxifraga granulata. Seed number was assessed for >1200 flowers and related to their position within an inflorescence, male and female phase duration, timing of flowering, number of flowers per plant, and plant height. KEY RESULTS Seed number within and among plants decreased significantly over time. Early lateral flowers were larger and produced more seeds in comparison to late lateral flowers, indicating that flower position significantly affected seed number through its combined effect on sex allocation, timing of flowering, and attractiveness. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that female reproductive success of a single flower was best explained by its position within an inflorescence and that plant traits such as first flowering date and number of flowers per plant had a smaller impact on seed number per flower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha van der Meer
- KU Leuven, Biology Department, Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31-bus 02435 B-3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Hans Jacquemyn
- KU Leuven, Biology Department, Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31-bus 02435 B-3001, Heverlee, Belgium
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van der Meer S, Jacquemyn H. Genetic Diversity and Spatial Genetic Structure of the Grassland Perennial Saxifraga granulata along Two River Systems. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130463. [PMID: 26079603 PMCID: PMC4469588 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to changes in land use, the natural habitats of an increasing number of plant species have become more and more fragmented. In landscapes that consist of patches of suitable habitat, the frequency and extent of long-distance seed dispersal can be expected to be an important factor determining local genetic diversity and regional population structure of the remaining populations. In plant species that are restricted to riparian habitats, rivers can be expected to have a strong impact on the dynamics and spatial genetic structure of populations as they may enable long-distance seed dispersal and thus maintain gene flow between fragmented populations. In this study, we used polymorphic microsatellite markers to investigate the genetic diversity and the spatial genetic structure of 28 populations of Saxifraga granulata along two rivers in central Belgium. We hypothesized that rivers might be essential for gene flow among increasingly isolated populations of this species. Genetic diversity was high (HS = 0.68), which to a certain extent can be explained by the octoploid nature of S. granulata in the study area. Populations along the Dijle and Demer rivers were also highly differentiated (G"ST = 0.269 and 0.164 and DEST = 0.190 and 0.124, respectively) and showed significant isolation-by-distance, indicating moderate levels of gene flow primarily between populations that are geographically close to each other. Along the river Demer population genetic diversity was higher upstream than downstream, suggesting that seed dispersal via the water was not the primary mode of dispersal. Overall, these results indicate that despite increasing fragmentation populations along both rivers were highly genetically diverse. The high ploidy level and longevity of S. granulata have most likely buffered negative effects of fragmentation on genetic diversity and the spatial genetic structure of populations in riparian grasslands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha van der Meer
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31- bus 02435, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Hans Jacquemyn
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31- bus 02435, Heverlee, Belgium
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van der Meer S, Van Houdt JKJ, Maes GE, Hellemans B, Jacquemyn H. Microsatellite primers for the gynodioecious grassland perennial Saxifraga granulata (Saxifragaceae). APPLICATIONS IN PLANT SCIENCES 2014; 2:apps1400040. [PMID: 25225628 PMCID: PMC4162666 DOI: 10.3732/apps.1400040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Nine polymorphic and 12 monomorphic microsatellite loci (simple sequence repeats [SSRs]) were isolated and characterized for the gynodioecious grassland perennial Saxifraga granulata. • METHODS AND RESULTS Based on genomic screening of leaf material of four individuals from four populations, a total of 21 microsatellite primer pairs were designed for S. granulata. Nine loci were polymorphic and were optimized into two PCR multiplex reactions and tested on 100 individuals from five riparian populations from central Belgium. The number of alleles of the polymorphic loci ranged from three to 18, and gametic heterozygosity ranged from 0.26 to 0.94. • CONCLUSIONS The markers that are presented here are the first microsatellite markers reported for S. granulata and will be used to assess how river systems shape the spatial genetic structure and diversity of riparian populations of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha van der Meer
- Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Population Biology, KU Leuven–University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
- Author for correspondence:
| | - Jeroen K. J. Van Houdt
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, KU Leuven–University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gregory E. Maes
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, KU Leuven–University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811 Queensland, Australia
| | - Bart Hellemans
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, KU Leuven–University of Leuven, Charles Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans Jacquemyn
- Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Population Biology, KU Leuven–University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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Angeloni F, Vergeer P, Wagemaker CAM, Ouborg NJ. Within and between population variation in inbreeding depression in the locally threatened perennial Scabiosa columbaria. CONSERV GENET 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-013-0541-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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