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Cisternas‐Fuentes A, Jogesh T, Broadhead GT, Raguso RA, Skogen KA, Fant JB. Evolution of selfing syndrome and its influence on genetic diversity and inbreeding: A range-wide study in Oenothera primiveris. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2022; 109:789-805. [PMID: 35596689 PMCID: PMC9320852 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE To avoid inbreeding depression, plants have evolved diverse breeding systems to favor outcrossing, such as self-incompatibility. However, changes in biotic and abiotic conditions can result in selective pressures that lead to a breakdown in self-incompatibility. The shift to increased selfing is commonly associated with reduced floral features, lower attractiveness to pollinators, and increased inbreeding. We tested the hypothesis that the loss of self-incompatibility, a shift to self-fertilization (autogamy), and concomitant evolution of the selfing syndrome (reduction in floral traits associated with cross-fertilization) will lead to increased inbreeding and population differentiation in Oenothera primiveris. Across its range, this species exhibits a shift in its breeding system and floral traits from a self-incompatible population with large flowers to self-compatible populations with smaller flowers. METHODS We conducted a breeding system assessment, evaluated floral traits in the field and under controlled conditions, and measured population genetic parameters using RADseq data. RESULTS Our results reveal a bimodal transition to the selfing syndrome from the west to the east of the range of O. primiveris. This shift includes variation in the breeding system and the mating system, a reduction in floral traits (flower diameter, herkogamy, and scent production), a shift to greater autogamy, reduced genetic diversity, and increased inbreeding. CONCLUSIONS The observed variation highlights the importance of range-wide studies to understand breeding system variation and the evolution of the selfing syndrome within populations and species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Cisternas‐Fuentes
- Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and ActionChicago Botanic Garden1000 Lake Cook RoadGlencoeIllinois60035USA
- Plant Biology and ConservationNorthwestern University2205 Tech DriveEvanstonIllinois60208USA
- Department of Biological ScienceClemson University132 Long HallClemsonSouth Carolina29631USA
| | - Tania Jogesh
- Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and ActionChicago Botanic Garden1000 Lake Cook RoadGlencoeIllinois60035USA
| | - Geoffrey T. Broadhead
- Department of Entomology and NematologyUniversity of Florida1881 Natural Area DriveGainesvilleFlorida32611USA
| | - Robert A. Raguso
- Department of Neurobiology and BehaviorCornell UniversityW361 Mudd HallIthacaNew York14853USA
| | - Krissa A. Skogen
- Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and ActionChicago Botanic Garden1000 Lake Cook RoadGlencoeIllinois60035USA
- Plant Biology and ConservationNorthwestern University2205 Tech DriveEvanstonIllinois60208USA
| | - Jeremie B. Fant
- Negaunee Institute for Plant Conservation Science and ActionChicago Botanic Garden1000 Lake Cook RoadGlencoeIllinois60035USA
- Plant Biology and ConservationNorthwestern University2205 Tech DriveEvanstonIllinois60208USA
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Liao IT, Rifkin JL, Cao G, Rausher MD. Modularity and selection of nectar traits in the evolution of the selfing syndrome in Ipomoea lacunosa (Convolvulaceae). THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:1505-1519. [PMID: 34783034 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although the evolution of the selfing syndrome often involves reductions in floral size, pollen and nectar, few studies of selfing syndrome divergence have examined nectar. We investigate whether nectar traits have evolved independently of other floral size traits in the selfing syndrome, whether nectar traits diverged due to drift or selection, and the extent to which quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses predict genetic correlations. We use F5 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) generated from a cross between Ipomoea cordatotriloba and Ipomoea lacunosa. We calculate genetic correlations to identify evolutionary modules, test whether trait divergence was due to selection, identify QTLs and perform correlation analyses to evaluate how well QTL properties reflect genetic correlations. Nectar and floral size traits form separate evolutionary modules. Selection has acted to reduce nectar traits in the selfing I. lacunosa. Genetic correlations predicted from QTL properties are consistent with observed genetic correlations. Changes in floral traits associated with the selfing syndrome reflect independent evolution of at least two evolutionary modules: nectar and floral size traits. We also demonstrate directional selection on nectar traits, which is likely to be independent of selection on floral size traits. Our study also supports the expected mechanistic link between QTL properties and genetic correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene T Liao
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Joanna L Rifkin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Gongyuan Cao
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Mark D Rausher
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
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Rifkin JL, Cao G, Rausher MD. Genetic architecture of divergence: the selfing syndrome in Ipomoea lacunosa. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2021; 108:2038-2054. [PMID: 34648660 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Highly selfing plant species frequently display a distinctive suite of traits termed the selfing syndrome. Here we tested the hypothesis that these traits are grouped into correlated evolutionary modules and determined the degree of independence between such modules. METHODS We evaluated phenotypic correlations and QTL overlaps in F2 offspring of a cross between the morning glories Ipomoea lacunosa and I. cordatotriloba and investigated how traits clustered into modules at both the phenotypic and genetic level. We then compared our findings to other QTL studies of the selfing syndrome. RESULTS In the I. lacunosa selfing syndrome, traits grouped into modules that displayed correlated evolution within but not between modules. QTL overlap predicted phenotypic correlations, and QTLs affecting the same trait module were significantly physically clustered in the genome. The genetic architecture of the selfing syndrome varied across systems, but the pattern of stronger within- than between-module correlation was widespread. CONCLUSIONS The genetic architecture we observe in the selfing syndrome is consistent with a growing understanding of floral morphological integration achieved via pleiotropy in clustered traits. This view of floral evolution is consistent with resource limitation or predation driving the evolution of the selfing syndrome, but invites further research into both the selective causes of the selfing syndrome and how genetic architecture itself evolves in response to changes in mating system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna L Rifkin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Gongyuan Cao
- Department of Biology, Duke University, 124 Science Drive, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | - Mark D Rausher
- Department of Biology, Duke University, 124 Science Drive, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
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Ostevik KL, Rifkin JL, Xia H, Rausher MD. Morning glory species co-occurrence is associated with asymmetrically decreased and cascading reproductive isolation. Evol Lett 2020; 5:75-85. [PMID: 33552537 PMCID: PMC7857285 DOI: 10.1002/evl3.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hybridization between species can affect the strength of the reproductive barriers that separate those species. Two extensions of this effect are (1) the expectation that asymmetric hybridization or gene flow will have asymmetric effects on reproductive barrier strength and (2) the expectation that local hybridization will affect only local reproductive barrier strength and could therefore alter within‐species compatibility. We tested these hypotheses in a pair of morning glory species that exhibit asymmetric gene flow from highly selfing Ipomoea lacunosa into mixed‐mating Ipomoea cordatotriloba in regions where they co‐occur. Because of the direction of this gene flow, we predicted that reproductive barrier strength would be more strongly affected in I. cordatotriloba than I. lacunosa. We also predicted that changes to reproductive barriers in sympatric I. cordatotriloba populations would affect compatibility with allopatric populations of that species. We tested these predictions by measuring the strength of a reproductive barrier to seed set across the species’ ranges. Consistent with our first prediction, we found that sympatric and allopatric I. lacunosa produce the same number of seeds in crosses with I. cordatotriloba, whereas crosses between sympatric I. cordatotriloba and I. lacunosa are more successful than crosses between allopatric I. cordatotriloba and I. lacunosa. This difference in compatibility appears to reflect an asymmetric decrease in the strength of the barrier to seed set in sympatric I. cordatotriloba, which could be caused by I. lacunosa alleles that have introgressed into I. cordatotriloba. We further demonstrated that changes to sympatric I. cordatotriloba have decreased its ability to produce seeds with allopatric populations of the same species, in line with our second prediction. Thus, in a manner analogous to cascade reinforcement, we suggest that introgression associated with hybridization not only influences between‐species isolation but can also contribute to isolation within a species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate L Ostevik
- Department of Biology Duke University Durham North Carolina 27708
| | - Joanna L Rifkin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto Toronto ON M5S 3B2 Canada
| | - Hanhan Xia
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering Guangzhou 510225 China
| | - Mark D Rausher
- Department of Biology Duke University Durham North Carolina 27708
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Duncan TM, Rausher MD. Selection favors loss of floral pigmentation in a highly selfing morning glory. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231263. [PMID: 32282839 PMCID: PMC7153891 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A common evolutionary trend in highly selfing plants is the evolution of the “selfing syndrome”, in which traits associated with pollinator attraction are lost or greatly reduced. Limited information is available on whether these trait reductions are favored by natural selection or result from reduced purifying selection coupled with genetic drift. This study attempted to distinguish between these two possibilities for the evolutionary loss of floral pigmentation in the highly selfing species Ipomoea lacunosa. This study also tested the hypothesis that loss of floral pigmentation is caused by downregulation or loss of function in a tissue-specific anthocyanin transcription factor, as has been found in other plants. F2 individuals of a cross between white and pigmented individuals revealed segregation at two epistatically acting loci: one affecting pigmentation in both corolla throat and limbs (Anl1) and one affecting limb pigmentation (Anl2). Individuals that are homozygous for the “white” allele at Anl1 have white throats and limbs regardless of genotype at Anl2. In individuals with pigmented throats, homozygosity of the “white” allele at Anl2 produces white limbs. Flower color variation at Anl1 cosegregates with an R2R3-Myb anthocyanin transcription factor, which is down-regulated in white-flowers but not in pigmented flowers. Differential expression of the two alleles of this gene indicates that down regulation is caused by a cis-regulatory change. Finally, allele-frequency differences at Anl1 were substantially and significantly greater than differences in allele frequencies at four microsatellite loci. These results are consistent with the hypotheses that the identified R2R3-Myb gene corresponds to Anl1 and that evolutionary loss of pigmentation in I. lacunosa was caused by selection. They are also consistent with previous studies demonstrating that loss of floral pigmentation is usually caused by down-regulation or functional inactivation of an R2R3-Myb gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya M. Duncan
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Mark D. Rausher
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Rifkin JL, Liao IT, Castillo AS, Rausher MD. Multiple aspects of the selfing syndrome of the morning glory Ipomoea lacunosa evolved in response to selection: A Qst-Fst comparison. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:7712-7725. [PMID: 31346434 PMCID: PMC6635925 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The frequent transition from outcrossing to selfing in flowering plants is often accompanied by changes in multiple aspects of floral morphology, termed the "selfing syndrome." While the repeated evolution of these changes suggests a role for natural selection, genetic drift may also be responsible. To determine whether selection or drift shaped different aspects of the pollination syndrome and mating system in the highly selfing morning glory Ipomoea lacunosa, we performed multivariate and univariate Qst-Fst comparisons using a wide sample of populations of I. lacunosa and its mixed-mating sister species Ipomoea cordatotriloba. The two species differ in early growth, floral display, inflorescence traits, corolla size, nectar, and pollen number. Our analyses support a role for natural selection driving trait divergence, specifically in corolla size and nectar traits, but not in early growth, display size, inflorescence length, or pollen traits. We also find evidence of selection for reduced herkogamy in I. lacunosa, consistent with selection driving both the transition in mating system and the correlated floral changes. Our research demonstrates that while some aspects of the selfing syndrome evolved in response to selection, others likely evolved due to drift or correlated selection, and the balance between these forces may vary across selfing species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irene T. Liao
- Department of BiologyDuke UniversityDurhamNorth Carolina
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Rifkin JL, Castillo AS, Liao IT, Rausher MD. Gene flow, divergent selection and resistance to introgression in two species of morning glories (Ipomoea). Mol Ecol 2019; 28:1709-1729. [PMID: 30451335 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Gene flow is thought to impede genetic divergence and speciation by homogenizing genomes. Recent theory and research suggest that sufficiently strong divergent selection can overpower gene flow, leading to loci that are highly differentiated compared to others. However, there are also alternative explanations for this pattern. Independent evidence that loci in highly differentiated regions are under divergent selection would allow these explanations to be distinguished, but such evidence is scarce. Here, we present multiple lines of evidence that many of the highly divergent SNPs in a pair of sister morning glory species, Ipomoea cordatotriloba and I. lacunosa, are the result of divergent selection in the face of gene flow. We analysed a SNP data set across the genome to assess the amount of gene flow, resistance to introgression and patterns of selection on loci resistant to introgression. We show that differentiation between the two species is much lower in sympatry than in allopatry, consistent with interspecific gene flow in sympatry. Gene flow appears to be substantially greater from I. lacunosa to I. cordatotriloba than in the reverse direction, resulting in sympatric and allopatric I. cordatotriloba being substantially more different than sympatric and allopatric I. lacunosa. Many SNPs highly differentiated in allopatry have experienced divergent selection, and, despite gene flow in sympatry, resist homogenization in sympatry. Finally, five out of eight floral and inflorescence characteristics measured exhibit asymmetric convergence in sympatry. Consistent with the pattern of gene flow, I. cordatotriloba traits become much more like those of I. lacunosa than the reverse. Our investigation reveals the complex interplay between selection and gene flow that can occur during the early stages of speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna L Rifkin
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Irene T Liao
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Mark D Rausher
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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8
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Rushworth CA, Windham MD, Keith RA, Mitchell-Olds T. Ecological differentiation facilitates fine-scale coexistence of sexual and asexual Boechera. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2018; 105:2051-2064. [PMID: 30548985 PMCID: PMC6685206 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Ecological differentiation (ED) between sexual and asexual organisms may permit the maintenance of reproductive polymorphism. Several studies of sexual/asexual ED in plants have shown that the geographic ranges of asexuals extend beyond those of sexuals, often in areas of higher latitude or elevation. But very little is known about ED at fine scales, wherein coexistence of sexuals and asexuals may be permitted by differential niche occupation. METHODS We used 149 populations of sexual and apomictic lineages in the genus Boechera (rock cress) collected across a portion of this mustard's vast range. We characterized reproductive mode, ploidy, and species identity or hybrid parentage of each individual, and then used a multipronged statistical approach to (1) identify ED between sexuals and asexuals; (2) investigate the impacts of two confounding factors, polyploidy and hybridization, on ED; and (3) determine the environmental variables underlying ED. KEY RESULTS We found that sexuals and asexuals are significantly ecologically differentiated across the landscape, despite fine-scale interdigitation of these two reproductive forms. Asexual reproduction was strongly associated with greater disturbance, reduced slope, and greater environmental variability. Although ploidy had little effect on the patterns observed, hybridization has a unique impact on the relationships between asexual reproduction and specific environmental variables. CONCLUSIONS Ecological differentiation along the axes of disturbance, slope, and climatic variability, as well as the effects of heterozygosity, may contribute to the maintenance of sexuality and asexuality across the landscape, ultimately impacting the establishment and spread of asexual lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A. Rushworth
- Department of Biology, Box 90338, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- University and Jepson Herbaria and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Michael D. Windham
- Department of Biology, Box 90338, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Rose A. Keith
- Program in Genetics and Genomics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Tom Mitchell-Olds
- Department of Biology, Box 90338, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Program in Genetics and Genomics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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Wu S, Lau KH, Cao Q, Hamilton JP, Sun H, Zhou C, Eserman L, Gemenet DC, Olukolu BA, Wang H, Crisovan E, Godden GT, Jiao C, Wang X, Kitavi M, Manrique-Carpintero N, Vaillancourt B, Wiegert-Rininger K, Yang X, Bao K, Schaff J, Kreuze J, Gruneberg W, Khan A, Ghislain M, Ma D, Jiang J, Mwanga ROM, Leebens-Mack J, Coin LJM, Yencho GC, Buell CR, Fei Z. Genome sequences of two diploid wild relatives of cultivated sweetpotato reveal targets for genetic improvement. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4580. [PMID: 30389915 PMCID: PMC6214957 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06983-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] is a globally important staple food crop, especially for sub-Saharan Africa. Agronomic improvement of sweetpotato has lagged behind other major food crops due to a lack of genomic and genetic resources and inherent challenges in breeding a heterozygous, clonally propagated polyploid. Here, we report the genome sequences of its two diploid relatives, I. trifida and I. triloba, and show that these high-quality genome assemblies are robust references for hexaploid sweetpotato. Comparative and phylogenetic analyses reveal insights into the ancient whole-genome triplication history of Ipomoea and evolutionary relationships within the Batatas complex. Using resequencing data from 16 genotypes widely used in African breeding programs, genes and alleles associated with carotenoid biosynthesis in storage roots are identified, which may enable efficient breeding of varieties with high provitamin A content. These resources will facilitate genome-enabled breeding in this important food security crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wu
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Kin H Lau
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Qinghe Cao
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Jiangsu Xuzhou Sweetpotato Research Center, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221131, China
| | - John P Hamilton
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Honghe Sun
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Chenxi Zhou
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Lauren Eserman
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Department of Conservation and Research, Atlanta Botanical Garden, Atlanta, GA, 30309, USA
| | | | - Bode A Olukolu
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Emily Crisovan
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Grant T Godden
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Chen Jiao
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Mercy Kitavi
- International Potato Center, Nairobi, 00603, Kenya
| | | | - Brieanne Vaillancourt
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | | | - Xinsun Yang
- Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Kan Bao
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Jennifer Schaff
- Genomic Sciences Laboratory, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Jan Kreuze
- International Potato Center, Lima 12, Peru
| | | | - Awais Khan
- International Potato Center, Lima 12, Peru
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, Cornell University, Geneva, NY, 14456, USA
| | | | - Daifu Ma
- Jiangsu Xuzhou Sweetpotato Research Center, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221131, China
| | - Jiming Jiang
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | | | - Jim Leebens-Mack
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Lachlan J M Coin
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - G Craig Yencho
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - C Robin Buell
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
- USDA-ARS Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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Babiychuk E, Kushnir S, Vasconcelos S, Dias MC, Carvalho-Filho N, Nunes GL, Dos Santos JF, Tyski L, da Silva DF, Castilho A, Fonseca VLI, Oliveira G. Natural history of the narrow endemics Ipomoea cavalcantei and I. marabaensis from Amazon Canga savannahs. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7493. [PMID: 28790327 PMCID: PMC5548896 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07398-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Amazon comprises a vast variety of ecosystems, including savannah-like Canga barrens that evolved on iron-lateritic rock plateaus of the Carajás Mountain range. Individual Cangas are enclosed by the rain forest, indicating insular isolation that enables speciation and plant community differentiation. To establish a framework for the research on natural history and conservation management of endemic Canga species, seven chloroplast DNA loci and an ITS2 nuclear DNA locus were used to study natural molecular variation of the red flowered Ipomoea cavalcantei and the lilac flowered I. marabaensis. Partitioning of the nuclear and chloroplast gene alleles strongly suggested that the species share the most recent common ancestor, pointing a new independent event of the red flower origin in the genus. Chloroplast gene allele analysis showed strong genetic differentiation between Canga populations, implying a limited role of seed dispersal in exchange of individuals between Cangas. Closed haplotype network topology indicated a requirement for the paternal inheritance in generation of cytoplasmic genetic variation. Tenfold higher nucleotide diversity in the nuclear ITS2 sequences distinguished I. cavalcantei from I. marabaensis, implying a different pace of evolutionary changes. Thus, Canga ecosystems offer powerful venues for the study of speciation, multitrait adaptation and the origins of genetic variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Babiychuk
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Rua Boaventura da Silva 955, Bairro Nazaré, CEP 66055-090, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
| | - Sergei Kushnir
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Rua Boaventura da Silva 955, Bairro Nazaré, CEP 66055-090, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Santelmo Vasconcelos
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Rua Boaventura da Silva 955, Bairro Nazaré, CEP 66055-090, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Mariana Costa Dias
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Rua Boaventura da Silva 955, Bairro Nazaré, CEP 66055-090, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Nelson Carvalho-Filho
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Rua Boaventura da Silva 955, Bairro Nazaré, CEP 66055-090, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Gisele Lopes Nunes
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Rua Boaventura da Silva 955, Bairro Nazaré, CEP 66055-090, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Jorge Filipe Dos Santos
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Rua Boaventura da Silva 955, Bairro Nazaré, CEP 66055-090, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Lourival Tyski
- Parque Zoobotânico Vale, VALE S.A., Rod. Raimundo Mascarenhas, Km 26, S/N., Núcleo Urbano de Carajás, CEP 68516 000, Parauapebas, Pará, Brazil
| | - Delmo Fonseca da Silva
- Parque Zoobotânico Vale, VALE S.A., Rod. Raimundo Mascarenhas, Km 26, S/N., Núcleo Urbano de Carajás, CEP 68516 000, Parauapebas, Pará, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Castilho
- VALE S.A., Rua Guamá N°60, Prédio DIFN, Núcleo Urbano de Carajás, CEP: 68516-000, Parauapebas, Pará, Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme Oliveira
- Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Rua Boaventura da Silva 955, Bairro Nazaré, CEP 66055-090, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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