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Tumi L, Xue-Jun G, Prado GE, Cosacov A, Garcia VH, Arakaki M, Suni ML. Genetic diversity and genetic structure of Puya raimondii (Bromeliaceae) for its conservation in the Peruvian Andes. REVISTA PERUANA DE BIOLOGÍA 2022. [DOI: 10.15381/rpb.v29i2.22557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Puya raimondii is an endemic species from the high Andes of Peru and Bolivia. In Peru it is distributed from 8.068501°S, 16.170280°W to 16.180580°S, 70.658873°W, between 3600 and 4800 m, living in extreme climatic conditions typical of the Puna, where it plays an important ecological role. Despite the wide distribution of P. raimondii populations in Peru, they appear to be fairly uniform morphologically. The following questions arise: Will the current molecular tools be able to show differences between the numerous populations? Are the conservation areas established for P. raimondii sufficient since they harbor the existing variability? To answer these questions, this work aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity and genetic structure in a northern population, Pachapaqui (Ancash department), a central population, Yanacancha (Junin), and a southern population, Lampa - Choconchaca sector (Puno), using microsatellite markers (SSR) specific for the species. The genetic diversity parameters used included number of alleles (A), exclusive alleles (RA), observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He), and polymorphic content index (PIC). The results showed that the total number of A varied from 2 - 13, the He values were 0 ‒ 0.723 and Ho 0 ‒ 0.929, with an average He of 0.217, indicating a moderate to high genetic diversity, being the population of Lampa-Choconchaca sector, the one that presented the greatest allelic diversity and the greatest genetic diversity. The Hardy-Weinberg test showed that the populations are in HW disequilibrium, the statistical analysis indicates 65% of the genetic variation at the population level and values of FST (0.426) and RST (0.650) that indicate high genetic differentiation among populations, with two genetic groups (K=2) that correspond to the populations of northern-central and southern Peru. The results provide useful information to establish conservation strategies for P. raimondii, which lead to the creation of an additional conservation area to protect the populations in southern Peru.
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Wang XJ, Barrett SCH, Zhong L, Wu ZK, Li DZ, Wang H, Zhou W. The Genomic Selfing Syndrome Accompanies the Evolutionary Breakdown of Heterostyly. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:168-180. [PMID: 32761213 PMCID: PMC7782863 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msaa199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolutionary transition from outcrossing to selfing can have important genomic consequences. Decreased effective population size and the reduced efficacy of selection are predicted to play an important role in the molecular evolution of the genomes of selfing species. We investigated evidence for molecular signatures of the genomic selfing syndrome using 66 species of Primula including distylous (outcrossing) and derived homostylous (selfing) taxa. We complemented our comparative analysis with a microevolutionary study of P. chungensis, which is polymorphic for mating system and consists of both distylous and homostylous populations. We generated chloroplast and nuclear genomic data sets for distylous, homostylous, and distylous–homostylous species and identified patterns of nonsynonymous to synonymous divergence (dN/dS) and polymorphism (πN/πS) in species or lineages with contrasting mating systems. Our analysis of coding sequence divergence and polymorphism detected strongly reduced genetic diversity and heterozygosity, decreased efficacy of purifying selection, purging of large-effect deleterious mutations, and lower rates of adaptive evolution in samples from homostylous compared with distylous populations, consistent with theoretical expectations of the genomic selfing syndrome. Our results demonstrate that self-fertilization is a major driver of molecular evolutionary processes with genomic signatures of selfing evident in both old and relatively young homostylous populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Jia Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Spencer C H Barrett
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Li Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Kun Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - De-Zhu Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Development and application of EST-SSRs markers for analysis of genetic diversity in erect milkvetch (Astragalus adsurgens Pall.). Mol Biol Rep 2018; 46:1323-1326. [PMID: 30443824 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4484-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Erect milkvetch (Astragalus adsurgens Pall.) is a major legume forage plant widely grown in Northern China. However, the lack of molecular markers has limited its research into its genetic diversity and work on germplasm improvement. In this study, a total of 39,163 EST-SSR loci were identified from 30,262 unigene sequences in the erect milkvetch transcriptome using Illumina sequencing. Moreover, 22,367 EST-SSR primer pairs (PPs) were successfully designed. In addition, 100 PPs were synthesized and preliminarily screened in two accessions; of these, 90 were determined to be clear and stable EST-SSR markers. Fifty-one PPs were randomly selected in order to assess the genetic diversity of 27 erect milkvetch accessions. The average polymorphism information content of the 51 PPs was 0.682. Greater genetic diversity was detected in accessions from Inner Mongolia and in the group of landrace and wild erect milkvetch accessions. This study provides an important resource for germplasm improvement and genetic diversity analysis in erect milkvetch.
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Yuan S, Zeng G, Zhang D. Development of microsatellite markers for Primula oreodoxa (Primulaceae), a distylous-homostylous species. APPLICATIONS IN PLANT SCIENCES 2018; 6:e01150. [PMID: 30131892 PMCID: PMC5991559 DOI: 10.1002/aps3.1150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Microsatellite markers were developed for a distylous-homostylous species, Primula oreodoxa (Primulaceae), to investigate the mating patterns and gene flow in the species. METHODS AND RESULTS Using RAD sequencing, 42,777 contigs were generated. A total of 1566 putative simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci were identified by MISA, and 1433 primer sets were designed. After initial screening of 107 SSR loci, 24 loci displayed polymorphism. The number of alleles per locus detected ranged from one to 11 in the sampled populations of P. oreodoxa. Levels of observed and expected heterozygosity for each locus ranged from 0 to 0.917 and 0 to 0.816, respectively. Fifteen and 13 of these loci could be successfully amplified in the two congeneric species P. obconica and P. heucherifolia, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The SSR markers developed here will be valuable for genetic analysis and elucidation of mating patterns in P. oreodoxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable UtilizationSouth China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510650People’s Republic of China
- University of the Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing10049People’s Republic of China
| | - Gui Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable UtilizationSouth China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510650People’s Republic of China
- University of the Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing10049People’s Republic of China
| | - Dianxiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable UtilizationSouth China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510650People’s Republic of China
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