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Chen HT, Tung CH, Yu BH, Chen YC. Sixteen prescribed Chinese herbal medicines provide time-dependent cardiorenal and survival benefits in patients with overall and advanced diabetic kidney disease: a real-world study in Taiwan. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1297854. [PMID: 39239654 PMCID: PMC11374620 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1297854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background A causal connection between oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetes, along with its associated renal and cardiovascular complications, has been established. Sixteen prescribed potentially renoprotective Chinese herbal medicines for diabetic kidney disease (PRCHMDKD), which are scientific Chinese medicine (botanical drug) and categorized into five classes (clearing heat, nourishing yin, dampness dispelling, tonifying qi, and harmonizing formulas), exhibit shared antioxidative properties and target multiple oxidative stress pathways. However, the time-response, cumulative effects, and safety (hyperkalemia risk) of these sixteen PRCHMDKD on cardiorenal and survival outcomes in patients with overall and advanced DKD remain unresolved. Methods This retrospective cohort study analyzed national health insurance claims data in 2000-2017. Four statistical methods, including Cox proportional hazards models, complementary restricted mean survival time (RMST), propensity score matching, and competing risk analysis for end-stage renal disease (ESRD), were employed to investigate this relationship. The study included 43,480 PRCHMDKD users and an equal number of matched nonusers within the overall DKD patient population. For advanced DKD patients, the cohort comprised 1,422 PRCHMDKD users and an equivalent number of matched nonusers. Results PRCHMDKD use in overall and advanced, respectively, DKD patients was associated with time-dependent reductions in adjusted hazard ratios for ESRD (0.66; 95% CI, 0.61-0.70 vs. 0.81; 0.65-0.99), all-cause mortality (0.48; 0.47-0.49 vs. 0.59; 0.50-0.70), and cardiovascular mortality (0.50; 0.48-0.53 vs. 0.61; 0.45-0.82). Significant differences in RMST were observed in overall and advanced, respectively, DKD patients, favoring PRCHMDKD use: 0.31 years (95% CI, 0.24-0.38) vs. 0.61 years (0.13-1.10) for ESRD, 2.71 years (2.60-2.82) vs. 1.50 years (1.03-1.98) for all-cause mortality, and 1.18 years (1.09-1.28) vs. 0.59 years (0.22-0.95) for cardiovascular mortality. Additionally, hyperkalemia risk did not increase. These findings remained consistent despite multiple sensitivity analyses. Notably, the cumulative effects of utilizing at least four or five classes and multiple botanical drugs from the sixteen PRCHMDKD provided enhanced renoprotection for patients with both overall and advanced DKD. This suggests that there is involvement of multiple targets within the oxidative stress pathways associated with DKD. Conclusion This real-world study suggests that using these sixteen PRCHMDKD provides time-dependent cardiorenal and survival benefits while ensuring safety for DKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Tien Chen
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsueh Tung
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ben-Hui Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Chen
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan
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Choubey P, Sharma V, Joshi R, Upadhyaya A, Kumar D, Patial V. Hydroethanolic extract of Gentiana kurroo Royle rhizome ameliorates ethanol-induced liver injury by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrogenesis in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 325:117866. [PMID: 38350504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gentiana kurroo Royle is a medicinal plant mentioned as Traymana in Ayurveda. In the folklore, it is used to cure fever, stomach ache, skin diseases and liver disorders. However, limited reports are available on the therapeutic potential of Gentiana kurroo Royle against alcohol-induced liver damage. AIM OF THE STUDY To assess the effectiveness of the hydroethanolic extract of Gentiana kurroo Royle rhizome (GKRE) against alcohol-induced liver injury and explore the mechanism of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS GKRE was characterized using UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. The binding affinity of the identified compound was studied in silico. In vitro studies were performed in the Huh-7 cell line. An acute oral toxicity study (2 g/kg BW) of GKRE was done in rats following OECD 420 guidelines. In the efficacy study, rats were treated with 50% ethanol (5 mL/kg BW, orally) for 4 weeks, followed by a single intraperitoneal dose of CCl4 (30%; 1 mL/kg BW) to induce liver injury. After 4th week, the rats were treated with GKRE at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg BW doses for the next fifteen days. The biochemical and antioxidant parameters were analyzed using commercial kits and a biochemistry analyzer. Histopathology, gene and protein expressions were studied using qRT PCR and western blotting. RESULTS Thirteen compounds were detected in GKRE. Few compounds showed a strong interaction with the fibrotic and inflammatory proteins in silico. GKRE reduced (p < 0.05) the ethanol-induced ROS production and inflammation in Huh-7 cells. The acute oral toxicity study revealed no adverse effect of GKRE in rats at 2 g/kg BW. GKRE improved (p < 0.05) the body and liver weights in ethanol-treated rats. GKRE improved (p < 0.05) the mRNA levels of ADH, SREBP1c and mitochondrial biogenesis genes in the liver tissues. GKRE also improved (p < 0.05) the liver damage markers, lipid peroxidation and levels of antioxidant enzymes in the liver. A reduced severity (p < 0.05) of pathological changes, fibrotic tissue deposition and caspase 3/7 activity were observed in the liver tissues of GKRE-treated rats. Further, GKRE downregulated (p < 0.05) the expression of fibrotic (TGFβ, αSMA and SMADs) and inflammatory markers (TNFα, IL6, IL1β and NFκB) in the liver. CONCLUSION GKRE showed efficacy against alcohol-induced liver damage by inhibiting oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation and fibrogenesis in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Choubey
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics & Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, HP, India; PG Department of Dravyaguna, Rajiv Gandhi Govt. Post Graduate Ayurvedic College and Hospital, Paprola, 176115, HP, India
| | - Vinesh Sharma
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics & Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, HP, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, UP, India
| | - Robin Joshi
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, HP, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, UP, India
| | - Ashwani Upadhyaya
- PG Department of Dravyaguna, Rajiv Gandhi Govt. Post Graduate Ayurvedic College and Hospital, Paprola, 176115, HP, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, HP, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, UP, India
| | - Vikram Patial
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics & Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, HP, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, UP, India.
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Chen Z. Pien Tze Huang (PZH) as a Multifunction Medicinal Agent in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM): a review on cellular, molecular and physiological mechanisms. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:146. [PMID: 33658028 PMCID: PMC7931540 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01785-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
RELEVANCE Pien Tze Huang (PZH) is a well-known Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), characterized by a multitude of pharmacological effects, such as hepatoprotection and inhibition of inflammation and cell proliferative conditions. Many of these effects have been validated at the cellular, molecular and physiological levels but, to date, most of these findings have not been comprehensively disclosed. OBJECTIVES This review aims to provide a critical summary of recent studies focusing on PZH and its multiple pharmacological effects. As a result, we further discuss some novel perspectives related to PZH's mechanisms of action and a holistic view of its therapeutic activities. METHODS A systematic review was performed focusing on PZH studies originated from original scientific resources. The scientific literature retrieved for this work was obtained from International repositories including NCBI/PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases. RESULTS The major active componentes and their potential functions, including hepatoprotective and neuroprotective effects, as well as anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities, were summarized and categorized accordingly. As indicated, most of the pharmacological effects were validated in vitro and in vivo. The identification of complex bioactive components in PZH may provide the basis for further therapeutic initiatives. CONCLUSION Here we have collectively discussed the recent evidences covering most, if not all, pharmacological effects driven by PZH. This review provides novel perspectives on understanding the modes of action and the holistic view of TCM. The rational development of future clinical trials will certainly provide evidence-based medical evidences that will also confirm the therapeutic advantages of PZH, based on the current information available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of PTH Natural Medicine Research and Development, Zhangzhou PTH Pharmaceutical CO., LTD, Zhangzhou, 363000, China.
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Jiang M, Cui BW, Wu YL, Nan JX, Lian LH. Genus Gentiana: A review on phytochemistry, pharmacology and molecular mechanism. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 264:113391. [PMID: 32931880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE As the largest genus of Gentianaceae family, the Gentiana genus harbors over 400 species, widely distributed in the alpine areas of temperate regions worldwide. Plants from Gentiana genus are traditionally used to treat a wide variety of diseases including easing pain dispelling rheumatism, and treating liver jaundice, chronic pharyngitis and arthritis in China since ancient times. In this review, a systematic and constructive overview of the traditional uses, phytochemistry, molecular mechanisms, toxicology and pharmacological activities of the researched species of genus Gentiana is provided. MATERIALS AND METHODS The used information in this review is based on various databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Wiley online library, Wanfang Data, Web of Science) through a search using the keyword "Gentiana" in the period of 1981-2019. Besides, other ethnopharmacological information was acquired from Chinese herbal classic books and Chinese pharmacopoeia 2015 edition. RESULTS The plants from Gentiana genus have a long tradition of various medicinal uses in Europe and Asia. Phytochemical studies showed that the main bioactive components isolated from this genus includes iridoids xanthones and flavonoids. These compounds and extracts isolated from this genus show a wide range of protective activities including hepatic protection, gastrointestinal protection, cardiovascular protection, immunomodulation, joint protection, pulmonary protection, bone protection and reproductive protection. Molecular mechanism studies also indicated several potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of certain diseases by plants from this genus. Besides, natural products from this plant show no significant animal toxicity, cytotoxicity or genotoxicity. CONCLUSION This review summarized the traditional medicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology and molecular mechanism of genus Gentiana, providing references and research tendency for plant-based drug development and further clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, 133002, China; Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China.
| | - Ben-Wen Cui
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, 133002, China; Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China.
| | - Yan-Ling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, 133002, China; Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China.
| | - Ji-Xing Nan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, 133002, China; Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China; Clinical Research Centre, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China.
| | - Li-Hua Lian
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province, 133002, China; Key Laboratory for Traditional Chinese Korean Medicine of Jilin Province, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China.
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Huang F, Du J, Liang Z, Xu Z, Xu J, Zhao Y, Lin Y, Mei S, He Q, Zhu J, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Qin Y, Sun W, Song J, Chen S, Jiang C. Large-scale analysis of small RNAs derived from traditional Chinese herbs in human tissues. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2018; 62:321-332. [PMID: 30238279 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-018-9323-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Plant-derived microRNAs have recently been reported to function in human blood and tissues. Controversy was immediately raised due to possible contamination and the lack of large sample sizes. Here, we report thousands of unique small RNAs derived from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) herbs found in human blood cells and mouse lung tissues using a large-scale analysis. We extracted small RNAs from decoctions of 10 TCM plants (Ban Zhi Lian, Chai Hu, Chuan Xin Lian, Di Ding Zi Jin, Huang Qin, Jin Yin Hua, Lian Qiao, Pu Gong Ying, Xia Ku Cao, and Yu Xing Cao) and obtained millions of RNA sequences from each herb. We also obtained RNA-Seq data from the blood cells of humans who consumed herbal decoctions and from the lung tissues of mice administered RNAs from herbal decoctions via oral gavage. We identified thousands of unique small RNA sequences in human blood cells and mouse lung tissues. Some of these identified small RNAs from Chuan Xin Lian and Hong Jing Tian could be mapped to the genomes of the herbs, confirming their TCM plant origin. Small RNAs derived from herbs regulate mammalian gene expression in a sequence-specific manner, and thus are a superior novel class of herbal drug components that hold great potential as oral gene-targeted therapeutics, highlighting the important role of herbgenomics in their development.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bupleurum/metabolism
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Lung/metabolism
- Medicine, Chinese Traditional/methods
- Medicine, Chinese Traditional/trends
- Mice
- Plant Extracts/metabolism
- Plants, Medicinal/classification
- Plants, Medicinal/genetics
- RNA, Plant/blood
- RNA, Plant/genetics
- RNA, Plant/metabolism
- RNA, Small Untranslated/blood
- RNA, Small Untranslated/genetics
- RNA, Small Untranslated/metabolism
- Scutellaria baicalensis/metabolism
- Sequence Analysis, RNA/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengming Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Jianchao Du
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Zhu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Zhichao Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiantao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Yexuan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Song Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Quan He
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Jindong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Yanxu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Yuhao Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jingyuan Song
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shilin Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Chengyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100005, China.
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Synergistic Effect of Bupleuri Radix and Scutellariae Radix on Adipogenesis and AMP-Activated Protein Kinase: A Network Pharmacological Approach. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:5269731. [PMID: 30210572 PMCID: PMC6126083 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5269731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has become a major health threat in developed countries. However, current medications for obesity are limited because of their adverse effects. Interest in natural products for the treatment of obesity is thus rapidly growing. Korean medicine is characterized by the wide use of herbal formulas. However, the combination rule of herbal formulas in Korean medicine lacks experimental evidence. According to Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica, the earliest book of herbal medicine, Bupleuri Radix (BR) and Scutellariae Radix (SR) possess the Sangsoo relationship, which means they have synergistic features when used together. Therefore these two are frequently used together in prescriptions such as Sosiho-Tang. In this study, we used the network pharmacological method to predict the interaction between these two herbs and then investigated the effects of BR, SR, and their combination on obesity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. BR, SR, and BR-SR mixture significantly decreased lipid accumulation and the expressions of two major adipogenic factors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-alpha (C/EBPα), and their downstream genes, Adipoq, aP2, and Lipin1 in 3T3-L1 cells. In addition, the BR-SR mixture had synergistic effects compared with BR or SR on inhibition of adipogenic-gene expressions. BR and SR also inhibited the protein expressions of PPARγ and C/EBPα. Furthermore, the two extracts successfully activated AMP-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPK α), the key regulator of energy metabolism. When compared to those of BR or SR, the BR-SR mixture showed higher inhibition rates of PPARγ and C/EBPα, along with higher activation rate of AMPK. These results indicate a new potential antiobese pharmacotherapy and also provide scientific evidence supporting the usage of herbal combinations instead of mixtures in Korean medicine.
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Interaction of Veratrum nigrum with Panax ginseng against Obesity: A Sang-ban Relationship. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:732126. [PMID: 24073007 PMCID: PMC3773901 DOI: 10.1155/2013/732126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has become a major health threat in developed countries. However, current medications for obesity are limited because of their adverse effects. Interest in natural products for the treatment of obesity is thus rapidly growing. Korean Medicine (KM) is characterized by the wide use of herbal formulas. However, the combination rule of herbal formulas in KM lacks experimental evidence. According to Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica, the earliest book of herbal medicine, Veratrum nigrum (VN) has antagonistic features against Panax ginseng (PG), and the PG-VN pair is strictly forbidden. In this study, we have shown the effects of PG, VN, and their combination on obesity in high-fat (HF) diet-induced obese mice and in 3T3-L1 cells. PG, VN, and PG-VN combination significantly reduced weight gain and the fat pad weight in HF diet-induced obese mice. They also significantly decreased lipid accumulation and the expressions of two major adipogenesis factors, PPARγ and C/EBPα, in 3T3-L1 cells. In addition, the PG-VN combination had synergistic effects compared with the mixture of extracts of PG and VN on inhibition of PPARγ and C/EBPα expressions at lower doses. These results indicate a new potential anti-obese pharmacotherapy and also provide scientific evidence supporting the usage of herbal combinations instead of mixtures in KM.
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Jin R, Lin Q, Zhang B, Liu X, Liu SM, Zhao Q, Liu XL. [A study of association rules in three-dimensional property-taste-effect data of Chinese herbal medicines based on Apriori algorithm]. ZHONG XI YI JIE HE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF CHINESE INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 9:794-803. [PMID: 21749832 DOI: 10.3736/jcim20110715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The theory of four properties (Qi) and five tastes (Wei) is the core of the property theory of Chinese materia medica. It is known that Qi and Wei are associated with the pharmacological effects (Xiao) of herbs. This study took records of all 365 Chinese herbs in Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica (Shennong Ben Cao Jing) as the data resource and established a three-dimensional data cube, in the purpose of finding out and analyzing the frequent patterns and valued association rules of Qi, Wei and Xiao based on Apriori algorithm. The results of this study may give rise to innovative ideas and methods in research of traditional Chinese materia medica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Jin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
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