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Tang M, Gao X, Geng T, Chen X, Wang J, Shen C, Gao H, Qian M, Wang Z, Cao L, Xiao W. Metabolomics analysis of the therapeutic effects of Qiwei Tongbi oral liquid on rheumatoid arthritis in rats. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 202:114166. [PMID: 34052551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Qiwei Tongbi oral liquid (QWTB), a classical traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, has a good therapeutic effect on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and is widely used in China. To comprehensively elucidate the therapeutic mechanism of QWTB in the treatment of RA, the effects of QWTB on biomarkers and metabolic pathways in a rat model of kidney deficiency arthritis were investigated in this study. The effects of QWTB on pharmacodynamic indicators, including paw swelling, arthritis score; interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, interleukin-17 F, tumor necrosis factor-α, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b, bone alkaline phosphatase, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, bone glaprotein, urea, and creatinine levels; and histopathology, suggested that QWTB significantly improved renal function, inhibited the inflammatory response, and reduced bone loss. In total, 39 differential metabolites were screened by comparing the endogenous components between blank and model rat plasma, among which 16 metabolites were altered by QWTB. The metabolism pathway analysis revealed that α-linolenic acid metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, histidine metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism were greatly disturbed. Thus, the biomarkers investigated included (1) α-linolenic acid, (2) hippuric acid, (3) phosphatidylethanolamine (15:0/22:2(13Z,16Z)), (4) phenylpyruvic acid, (5) sphinganine, and (6) urocanic acid. QWTB affected three abnormal biomarkers: (3), (4), and (6). Phenylphruvic acid, sphinganine and urocanic acid were significantly associated with pharmacodynamic indicators, as shown by Pearson correlation analysis. These results indicated that RA-related biomarkers had certain reliability and biological significance. In summary, QWTB regulated the metabolic disorders in rats with RA. Its therapeutic mechanism may involve the regulation of phenylalanine metabolism, histidine metabolism, and glycerophospholipid metabolism. The results of this study are useful for understanding the therapeutic mechanisms of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Tang
- Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 210017, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New-Tech for Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, 222001, China; National Enterprise Technology Center, National Post-Doctoral Research Workstation, Jiangsu Enterprise Academician Workstation, Lianyungang, 222001, China; China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xia Gao
- Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 210017, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New-Tech for Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, 222001, China; National Enterprise Technology Center, National Post-Doctoral Research Workstation, Jiangsu Enterprise Academician Workstation, Lianyungang, 222001, China
| | - Ting Geng
- Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 210017, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New-Tech for Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, 222001, China; National Enterprise Technology Center, National Post-Doctoral Research Workstation, Jiangsu Enterprise Academician Workstation, Lianyungang, 222001, China.
| | - Xialin Chen
- Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 210017, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New-Tech for Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, 222001, China; National Enterprise Technology Center, National Post-Doctoral Research Workstation, Jiangsu Enterprise Academician Workstation, Lianyungang, 222001, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 210017, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New-Tech for Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, 222001, China; National Enterprise Technology Center, National Post-Doctoral Research Workstation, Jiangsu Enterprise Academician Workstation, Lianyungang, 222001, China
| | - Canjie Shen
- Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 210017, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New-Tech for Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, 222001, China; National Enterprise Technology Center, National Post-Doctoral Research Workstation, Jiangsu Enterprise Academician Workstation, Lianyungang, 222001, China; China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Huifang Gao
- Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 210017, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New-Tech for Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, 222001, China; National Enterprise Technology Center, National Post-Doctoral Research Workstation, Jiangsu Enterprise Academician Workstation, Lianyungang, 222001, China
| | - Mengyu Qian
- Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 210017, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New-Tech for Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, 222001, China; National Enterprise Technology Center, National Post-Doctoral Research Workstation, Jiangsu Enterprise Academician Workstation, Lianyungang, 222001, China
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 210017, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New-Tech for Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, 222001, China; National Enterprise Technology Center, National Post-Doctoral Research Workstation, Jiangsu Enterprise Academician Workstation, Lianyungang, 222001, China
| | - Liang Cao
- Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 210017, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New-Tech for Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, 222001, China; National Enterprise Technology Center, National Post-Doctoral Research Workstation, Jiangsu Enterprise Academician Workstation, Lianyungang, 222001, China.
| | - Wei Xiao
- Jiangsu Kanion Modern Chinese Medicine Institute, Nanjing, 210017, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New-Tech for Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, 222001, China; National Enterprise Technology Center, National Post-Doctoral Research Workstation, Jiangsu Enterprise Academician Workstation, Lianyungang, 222001, China.
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Song HP, Li X, Yu R, Zeng G, Yuan ZY, Wang W, Huang HY, Cai X. Phenotypic characterization of type II collagen-induced arthritis in Wistar rats. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:1483-1488. [PMID: 26622511 PMCID: PMC4578065 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine a more specific, efficient and simple method for the induction of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in rats. Different strains of rats were injected at the base of the tail with bovine type II collagen (CII) emulsified in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA). The onset and severity of arthritis were evaluated by clinical assessment. The established CIA model was analyzed using a comprehensive examination of clinical, hematological, histological and radiological parameters. The results demonstrated that Wistar rats were the most susceptible strain to CIA followed by Wistar Furth rats, with Sprague Dawley rats being the least susceptible. Following primary and booster immunization, female Wistar rats developed severe arthritis, with an incidence of >83% and low variability in clinical signs. The development of arthritis was accompanied by a significantly elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate compared with that in the control rats. The radiographic examination revealed bone matrix resorption, considerable soft tissue swelling, periosteal new bone formation and bone erosion in the arthritic joints of the CIA rats. Histopathologically, the synovial joints of CIA rats were characterized by synovial hyperplasia, pannus formation, marked cellular infiltration, bone and cartilage erosion and narrowing of the joint space. The administration of an intradermal injection of only 200 µg bovine CII emulsified in IFA at the base of the tail therefore leads to the successful development of a CIA rat model. This well-characterized CIA rat model could be specifically used to study the pathophysiology of human rheumatoid arthritis as well as to test and develop anti-arthritic agents for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hou-Pan Song
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnostics in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnostics in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China
| | - Rong Yu
- Hunan Department of Education's Key Laboratory of Translational Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China
| | - Guang Zeng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnostics in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Yi Yuan
- Hunan Department of Education's Key Laboratory of Translational Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Yong Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnostics in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China
| | - Xiong Cai
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnostics in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China ; Hunan Department of Education's Key Laboratory of Translational Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China
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Zhang M, Wang T, Chen HM, Chen YQ, Deng YC, Li YT. Serum levels of interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6 and melatonin over summer and winter in kidney deficiency syndrome in Bizheng rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 29:107-11. [PMID: 24998233 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-9294(14)60037-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the seasonal changes in serum levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and melatonin (MT) in Bizheng rat model, and explore the relationship between MT and the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS One hundred and sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups in summer (n=80) and winter (n=80) respectively: normal group, collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model group, operation group, and sham-operation group (n=20 in each group). The CIA model group was injected with collagen emulsion at the base of the tail to induce arthritis. The rats in the operation group received pineal gland resection, and 7 days after the first operation, underwent testectomy or oophorectomy. The rats in the sham-operation group were operated to ligature the sagittal sinus, without extracting the pineal gland. After the operations, the operation group and the sham-operation group both were immunized as the CIA group was. The serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and MT in different groups were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS Compared with the normal group, the serum levels of IL-1β and IL-6 increased in the CIA model, operation, and sham-operation groups both in summer and in winter (IL-1β in summer, P=0.008, P<0.01, P=0.012; IL-1β in winter, P=0.019, P<0.01, P=0.027; IL-6 in summer, P=0.028, P<0.01, P=0.024; IL-6 in winter, P=0.006, P<0.01, P=0.008). In the operation group, the serum levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in winter were higher than in summer, but with no statistically significant differences (P=0.844, 0.679). Compared with the normal group, the serum level of MT significantly increased in summer and winter in both the CIA model group (P=0.002, 0.008) and the sham-operation group (P=0.003, 0.007), while significantly decreased in the operation group (P=0.023, 0.003). There was no significant difference in MT level in the operation group between summer and winter (P=0.947). CONCLUSIONS The increase of serum levels of IL-1β and IL-6 may exacerbate the inflammatory reaction and cause a more severe condition in the rheumatoid arthritis. The concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, and MT correspond with the change of seasons, confirming that there are connections between nature and human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Tong Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Huai-Min Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yan-Qin Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yang-Chun Deng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ya-Tian Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
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