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Jung J, Kim JS, Jeong UY, Bae UJ, Kim M, Park SY, Hwang IG, Heo JW, Shim CK, Ham JS, Lee SH. The Immune-Stimulating and Anti-Diabetic Effects of Allium hookeri Leaves Grown in a Plant Factory with Artificial Lights in Immunosuppressed Obese C57BL/6 Mice. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:91. [PMID: 38256924 PMCID: PMC10818880 DOI: 10.3390/ph17010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
We investigated the immune-stimulating and anti-diabetic effects of Allium hookeri leaves grown in a plant factory with artificial lights. The immunomodulatory effects of A. hookeri leaves' ethanol extracts were evaluated with immune-related hematological factors in blood, the proliferation of splenocytes, NK cell activity, IgG and cytokine levels, and their mechanisms in immunosuppressed obese mice. Anti-diabetic effects were determined by the inhibitory activity against α-amylase and α-glucosidase in vitro and fasting blood glucose levels and biochemical factors in the serum of immunosuppressed obese mice. A. hookeri leaf extracts increased WBC and LYM counts, the proliferation of splenocytes, and serum IgG and IL-1β concentrations compared to those of the NC group, which was used as a negative control. A. hookeri leaf extracts also improved serum HDL levels while they decreased the activities of digestive enzymes, fasting blood glucose, and biochemical factors (ALT, AST, T-Chol, TG, LDL, and GLU). The expressions of IL-1β, JNK, c-Jun, p65, and iNOS in the thymus of immunosuppressed mice were activated by the treatment of A. hookeri leaf extracts. The results suggest that A. hookeri leaves grown in a plant factory with artificial lights also have immune-stimulatory and anti-diabetic effects and can be used as novel functional supplements to control related diseases and to improve public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Jung
- Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (J.-S.K.); (U.-Y.J.); (U.-J.B.); (M.K.); (S.-Y.P.); (I.-G.H.)
| | - Ji-Su Kim
- Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (J.-S.K.); (U.-Y.J.); (U.-J.B.); (M.K.); (S.-Y.P.); (I.-G.H.)
| | - Un-Yul Jeong
- Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (J.-S.K.); (U.-Y.J.); (U.-J.B.); (M.K.); (S.-Y.P.); (I.-G.H.)
| | - Ui-Jin Bae
- Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (J.-S.K.); (U.-Y.J.); (U.-J.B.); (M.K.); (S.-Y.P.); (I.-G.H.)
| | - Mina Kim
- Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (J.-S.K.); (U.-Y.J.); (U.-J.B.); (M.K.); (S.-Y.P.); (I.-G.H.)
| | - Shin-Young Park
- Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (J.-S.K.); (U.-Y.J.); (U.-J.B.); (M.K.); (S.-Y.P.); (I.-G.H.)
| | - In-Guk Hwang
- Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (J.-S.K.); (U.-Y.J.); (U.-J.B.); (M.K.); (S.-Y.P.); (I.-G.H.)
| | - Jeong-Wook Heo
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Ki Shim
- Department of Agricultural Environment, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jun-Sang Ham
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Environment, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sung-Hyen Lee
- Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (J.-S.K.); (U.-Y.J.); (U.-J.B.); (M.K.); (S.-Y.P.); (I.-G.H.)
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Kim JS, Kim HJ, Lee EB, Choi JH, Jung J, Jang HH, Park SY, Ha KC, Park YK, Joo JC, Lee SH. Supplementary Effects of Allium hookeri Extract on Glucose Tolerance in Prediabetic Subjects and C57BL/KsJ- db/db Mice. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1364. [PMID: 37895834 PMCID: PMC10610268 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Allium hookeri (AH) has been used as a nutritional and medicinal food in Asia for many years. Our previous studies have described its anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, and anti-inflammatory activities in animal models and prediabetes. This study investigated whether AH could improve glycemia by modulating insulin secretion in prediabetic subjects through an in-depth study. Eighty prediabetic subjects (100 ≤ fasting plasma glucose < 140 mg/dL) were randomly assigned to a placebo (n = 40) group or an ethanol AH extract (500 mg/day, n = 40) group for 12 weeks. Dietary intake and physical activity, blood glucose (an oral glucose tolerance test for 120 min), insulin (insulin response to oral glucose for 120 min), area under the curve (AUC) of glucose or insulin after oral glucose intake, insulin sensitivity markers, C-peptide, adiponectin, glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels, hematological tests (WBC, RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelet count), blood biochemical parameters (ALP, AST, total bilirubin, total protein, albumin, gamma-GT, BUN, creatinine, LD, CK, and hs-CRP), and urine parameters (specific gravity and pH) were examined at both baseline and 12 weeks after supplementation with placebo or AH capsules. Fifty-eight participants (placebo group: 20 men and 10 women; AH group: 13 men and 15 women) completed the study. AH supplementation moderately reduced postprandial blood glucose at 60 min (-6.14 mg/dL, p = 0.061), postprandial insulin levels at 90 min (-16.69 µU/mL, p = 0.017), the glucose AUC at 90 min (-412.52 mg*min/dL, p = 0.021), as well as the insulin AUC at 90 min (-978.77 µU*min/mL, p = 0.021) and 120 min (-1426.41 µU*min/mL, p = 0.015) when compared with the placebo group. However, there were no effects of AH on dietary intake and physical activity; HOMA index; HbAlc; C-peptide; or adiponectin, hematological-, blood biochemical-, and urinary markers. To confirm the effects of AH extract on blood glucose insulin sensitivity, C57BL/6J or C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice were used (n = 8/group). Body weight, fasting plasma glucose level, lipid profiles, liver and renal function, pancreatic histology, and insulin immunoreactivity were assessed. In the diabetic db/db mice, hyperglycemia, which was accompanied by an increase in insulin secretion in diabetic mice, was significantly reduced by AH treatment, resulting in the alleviation of β-cell overcompensation and insulin resistance. We confirmed that AH supplementation can effectively control blood glucose and insulin levels by improving insulin sensitivity and may be a potential agent for glycemic control in subjects with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Su Kim
- Functional Food Division, Department of Agro-food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea; (J.-S.K.); (E.-B.L.); (J.-H.C.); (J.J.); (H.-H.J.); (S.-Y.P.)
| | - Hyun-Ju Kim
- Kimchi Functionality Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Jeolla, Republic of Korea;
| | - Eun-Byeol Lee
- Functional Food Division, Department of Agro-food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea; (J.-S.K.); (E.-B.L.); (J.-H.C.); (J.J.); (H.-H.J.); (S.-Y.P.)
| | - Ji-Hye Choi
- Functional Food Division, Department of Agro-food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea; (J.-S.K.); (E.-B.L.); (J.-H.C.); (J.J.); (H.-H.J.); (S.-Y.P.)
| | - Jieun Jung
- Functional Food Division, Department of Agro-food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea; (J.-S.K.); (E.-B.L.); (J.-H.C.); (J.J.); (H.-H.J.); (S.-Y.P.)
| | - Hwan-Hee Jang
- Functional Food Division, Department of Agro-food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea; (J.-S.K.); (E.-B.L.); (J.-H.C.); (J.J.); (H.-H.J.); (S.-Y.P.)
| | - Shin-Young Park
- Functional Food Division, Department of Agro-food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea; (J.-S.K.); (E.-B.L.); (J.-H.C.); (J.J.); (H.-H.J.); (S.-Y.P.)
| | - Ki-Chan Ha
- Healthcare Claims & Management Incorporation, Jeonju 54858, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea; (K.-C.H.); (Y.-K.P.)
| | - Yu-Kyung Park
- Healthcare Claims & Management Incorporation, Jeonju 54858, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea; (K.-C.H.); (Y.-K.P.)
| | - Jong-Cheon Joo
- Department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54596, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sung-Hyen Lee
- Functional Food Division, Department of Agro-food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea; (J.-S.K.); (E.-B.L.); (J.-H.C.); (J.J.); (H.-H.J.); (S.-Y.P.)
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Effect of relative humidity on the metabolite profiles, antioxidant activity and sensory on black garlic processing. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Anti-Diabetic Effects of Allium hookeri Extracts Prepared by Different Methods in Type 2 C57BL/J- db/db Mice. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15040486. [PMID: 35455483 PMCID: PMC9024442 DOI: 10.3390/ph15040486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate whether Allium hookeri can control diabetic symptoms. Aqueous extract (AE1: 100 mg/kg BW, AE2: 200 mg/kg BW) and ethanol extract (EE1: 100 mg/kg BW, EE2: 200 mg/kg BW) of A. hookeri were orally administrated to diabetic mice (C57BL/J-db/db) for 8 weeks. The negative (NC) and the positive (PC) control groups were treated with 0.9% saline and metformin (150 mg/kg BW), respectively. Glucose and lipid profile (triglyceride, total cholesterol (TC), LDL-C, and HDL-C) as biochemical parameters, toxicological factors such as liver/kidney functional parameters (ALT, AST, BUN, and Cr), and NK cell activity in blood were measured. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and histopathological examination were also conducted. Compared with the NC group, AE and EE decreased blood glucose, HbA1c, area under the curve (AUC) during OGTT, and leptin levels while increasing adiponectin levels. Serum lipid profiles and toxicological factors levels were reduced by the A. hookeri extract. Interestingly, HDL-C, glomerular mesangial expansion score in the kidney, and NK cell activity were effectively controlled in EE groups. Based on the results, EE is considered to be more effective in reducing high blood glucose, lipid profile, and related factor levels than AE, and is comparable to metformin in some biomarkers. It can be presumed that EE can more effectively control the major anomalies in the diabetic model than AE, and it may be used to prevent diabetic symptoms without toxicity in the Type 2 diabetic model.
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Park SH, Bae UJ, Choi EK, Jung SJ, Lee SH, Yang JH, Kim YS, Jeong DY, Kim HJ, Park BH, Chae SW. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover clinical trial to evaluate the anti-diabetic effects of Allium hookeri extract in the subjects with prediabetes. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:211. [PMID: 32631388 PMCID: PMC7339438 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Allium hookeri is widely consumed as a vegetable and herbal medicine in Asia. A. hookeri has been reported anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, osteoblastic, anti-oxidant, and anti-diabetic effects in animal studies. We investigated the anti-diabetic effects of A. hookeri aqueous extract (AHE) in the Korean subjects. Methods Prediabetic subjects (100 ≤ fasting plasma glucose (FPG) < 126 mg/dL) who met the inclusion criteria were recruited for this study. The enrolled subjects (n = 30) were randomly divided into either an AHE (n = 15, 486 mg/day) or placebo (n = 15) group. Outcomes were measurements of FPG, glycemic response to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), insulin, C-peptide, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol. The t-test was used to assess differences between the groups. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Eight weeks after AHE supplementation, HbA1c level was significantly decreased in the AHE group compared with the placebo group. No clinically significant changes in any safety parameter were observed. Conclusion The findings suggest that AHE can be effective in reducing HbA1c, indicating it as an adjunctive tool for improving glycemic control. Trial registration The study protocol was retrospectively registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03330366, October 30, 2017).
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Hyun Park
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.,Present address: Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ui-Jin Bae
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Choi
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Jung
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hyen Lee
- Department of Agro-food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Heon Yang
- Center for Healthcare Technology Development, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Suk Kim
- Goldtree Co., Ltd., Sunchang, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Youn Jeong
- Microbial Institute for Fermentation Industry, Sunchang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Kim
- Research Department, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hyun Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Wan Chae
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Pharmacology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, 54896, Republic of Korea.
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Bito T, Koseki K, Moriguchi T, Sasaki Y, Yabuta Y, Ichiyanagi T, Watanabe F. Cycloalliin Inhibits Melanin Biosynthesis in B16 Mouse Melanoma Cells. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.24.627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Bito
- Department of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University
| | - Kyohei Koseki
- Department of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University
| | - Tomohiro Moriguchi
- Department of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University
| | - Yu Sasaki
- Department of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University
| | - Yukinori Yabuta
- Department of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University
| | - Tsuyoshi Ichiyanagi
- Department of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University
| | - Fumio Watanabe
- Department of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University
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Zeng Y, Li Y, Yang J, Pu X, Du J, Yang X, Yang T, Yang S. Therapeutic Role of Functional Components in Alliums for Preventive Chronic Disease in Human Being. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2017; 2017:9402849. [PMID: 28261311 PMCID: PMC5316450 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9402849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. Functional components in alliums have long been maintained to play a key role in modifying the major risk factors for chronic disease. To obtain a better understanding of alliums for chronic disease prevention, we conducted a systematic review for risk factors and prevention strategies for chronic disease of functional components in alliums, based on a comprehensive English literature search that was conducted using various electronic search databases, especially the PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and CNKI for the period 2007-2016. Allium genus especially garlic, onion, and Chinese chive is rich in organosulfur compounds, quercetin, flavonoids, saponins, and others, which have anticancer, preventive cardiovascular and heart diseases, anti-inflammation, antiobesity, antidiabetes, antioxidants, antimicrobial activity, neuroprotective and immunological effects, and so on. These results support Allium genus; garlic and onion especially may be the promising dietotherapeutic vegetables and organopolysulfides as well as quercetin mechanism in the treatment of chronic diseases. This review may be used as scientific basis for the development of functional food, nutraceuticals, and alternative drugs to improve the chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Zeng
- Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Yuping Li
- Yuxi Agriculture Vocation-Technical College, Yunnan, Yuxi 653106, China
| | - Jiazhen Yang
- Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China
- Kunming Tiankang Science & Technology Limited Company, Yunnan, Kunming 650231, China
| | - Xiaoying Pu
- Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Juan Du
- Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Xiaomeng Yang
- Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Shuming Yang
- Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China
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