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Muthu Batcha P, Vanaraj R, Kim SC, Kanthapazham R, Annamalai R, Daniel S. Production of gluconic acid from the washed rice waste water using Au/MgO catalyst - A sustainable route. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 409:131200. [PMID: 39097234 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
The majority of the waste produced by the food and agriculture industries is abundant in proteins, carbohydrates, and fats, which can be utilized effectively in other food products or industrial products. Especially, washed rice water (WRW) contains a significant quantity of starch that has been discarded without being utilized properly. In the present investigation, we have successfully upgraded washed rice water into the industrially important intermediate, i.e., gluconic acid, using an Au/MgO catalyst in a single pot reaction. The upgrading strategy was developed in three consecutive phases using two different model reactions: (1) glucose to gluconic acid, (2) hydrolysis of starch into glucose, followed by the oxidation reaction. The results showed that almost 60% gluconic acid was achieved at room temperature with atmospheric pressure. The present investigation highlighted that hydrolysis, followed by oxidation reaction is the most promising route for upgrading WRW to gluconic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramkumar Vanaraj
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong-Cheol Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Rajakumar Kanthapazham
- Nanotechnology Research & Education Centre, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia
| | - Rajendran Annamalai
- Department of Chemistry, Sir Theagaraya College, Chennai 600 021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Santhanaraj Daniel
- Department of Chemistry, Loyola College, Chennai 600 034, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Raj V, Chun KS, Lee S. State-of-the-art advancement in tara gum polysaccharide (Caesalpinia spinosa) modifications and their potential applications for drug delivery and the food industry. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 323:121440. [PMID: 37940305 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
In preference to synthetic or petroleum-based materials, current research in food and pharmaceutical industries has focused on the development of biodegradable and sustainable materials due to their low toxicity, and biocompatibility. In particular, the natural water-soluble polysaccharide tara gum (Caesalpinia spinosa) has been widely used as a food-grade and drug-delivery agent due to its biodegradability, and biocompatibility. Moreover, owing to its easily modifiable hydroxy groups, tara gum, and its derivatives have been employed as food packaging films and pharmaceutical materials. In the present critical review, facile grafting methods of tara gum are reviewed, and an up-to-date comprehensive application of tara gum polysaccharides revealed their uses in pH-sensitive food packaging. In addition, modified tara gum materials exhibited improved drug delivery applications with biocompatible properties. The non-toxic nature and non-Newtonian, pseudoplastic rheological properties as well as the synergistic behavior of tara gum with other polysaccharides explore its further industrial applications in several fields. Additionally, several approaches for improving tara gum for use as a stabilizer and thickener for food items, and monitoring food spoilage, have provided notable customized characteristics. In brief, its many advantages make tara gum polysaccharide a promising material for applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinit Raj
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Soo Chun
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42691, Republic of Korea; Center for Forensic Pharmaceutical Science, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangkil Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Mohammed AABA, Omran AAB, Hasan Z, Ilyas RA, Sapuan SM. Wheat Biocomposite Extraction, Structure, Properties and Characterization: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13213624. [PMID: 34771181 PMCID: PMC8587943 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Biocomposite materials create a huge opportunity for a healthy and safe environment by replacing artificial plastic and materials with natural ingredients in a variety of applications. Furniture, construction materials, insulation, and packaging, as well as medical devices, can all benefit from biocomposite materials. Wheat is one of the world’s most widely cultivated crops. Due to its mechanical and physical properties, wheat starch, gluten, and fiber are vital in the biopolymer industry. Glycerol as a plasticizer considerably increased the elongation and water vapor permeability of wheat films. Wheat fiber developed mechanical and thermal properties as a result of various matrices; wheat gluten is water insoluble, elastic, non-toxic, and biodegradable, making it useful in biocomposite materials. This study looked at the feasibility of using wheat plant components such as wheat, gluten, and fiber in the biocomposite material industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman A. B. A. Mohammed
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan Ikram-Uniten, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.A.B.A.M.); (Z.H.)
| | - Abdoulhdi A. Borhana Omran
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan Ikram-Uniten, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.A.B.A.M.); (Z.H.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering Science & Technology, Sebha University, Sabha 00218, Libya
- Correspondence: (A.A.B.O.); (R.A.I.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Zaimah Hasan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan Ikram-Uniten, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.A.B.A.M.); (Z.H.)
| | - R. A. Ilyas
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (A.A.B.O.); (R.A.I.); (S.M.S.)
| | - S. M. Sapuan
- Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre (AEMC), Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (A.A.B.O.); (R.A.I.); (S.M.S.)
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Verma DK, Srivastav PP. Isolation, modification, and characterization of rice starch with emphasis on functional properties and industrial application: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:6577-6604. [PMID: 33775191 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1903383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Starch is one of the organic compounds after cellulose found most abundantly in nature. Starch significantly varies in their different properties like physical, chemical, thermal, morphological and functional. Therefore, starch is modified to increase the beneficial characteristics and remove the shortcomings issues of native starches. The modification methods can change the extremely flexible polymer of starch with their modified physical and chemical properties. These altered structural attributes are of great technological values which have a wide industrial potential in food and non-food. Among them, the production of novel starches is mainly one that evolves with new value-added and functional properties is on high industrial demands. This paper provides an overview of the rice starch components and their effect on the technological and physicochemical properties of obtained starch. Besides, the tuned techno-functional properties of the modified starches through chemical modification means are highlighted.HighlightsNative and modified starches varies largely in physicochemical and functional traits.Modified physical and chemical properties of starch can change the extremely flexible polymer of starch.Techno-functional properties of the modified starches through chemical modification means are highlighted.Dual modification improves the starch functionality and increases the industrial applications.Production of novel starches is on high industrial demands because it mainly evolves with new value added and functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar Verma
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Prem Prakash Srivastav
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
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Qin X, Li R, Zhu S, Hu J, Zeng X, Zhang X, Xu H, Kong W, Liang J, Zhang H, Zhang J, Wang J. A comparative study of sulfated tara gum: RSM optimization and structural characterization. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 150:189-199. [PMID: 32050084 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Interest in galactomannans and its derivatives as a functional health supplement is growing based on physicochemical properties. In this work, the optimized conditions of sulfated tara gum (STG) with a maximum DS of 0.66 by box-behnken design (BBD) were obtained as following: ratio of chlorosulfonic acid/pyridine 3:1, reaction time 4 h and reaction temperature 40 °C. The structure features of STG such as the degree of substitution (DS), substitution position, weight average molar mass (MW), monosaccharide components and chain conformation were investigated. Decreasing of MW, the increasing of Z-average radius of gyration (〈S2〉Z1/2) and specific volume for gyration (SVg) were obtained by SEC-MALLS. In addition, the structural properties of four sulfated galactomannans were comparatively investigated and analyzed based on our earlier reports of sulfated fenugreek gum, guar gum and locust bean gum. A conclusion was drown that higher galactose branch could enhance steric hindrance, which was inferred as one of the significant factors for the derivatization efficiency, thus affecting the DS, MW and conformational transition of sulfated galactomannans. This study will provide valuable information for further research on the comparison of bioactivities and medical application of galactomannans family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Qin
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Li
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengyong Zhu
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahuan Hu
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaorong Zeng
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Hairong Xu
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Weibao Kong
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China; Bioactive Products Engineering Research Center For Gansu Distinctive Plants, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyu Liang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China; Bioactive Products Engineering Research Center For Gansu Distinctive Plants, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China; Bioactive Products Engineering Research Center For Gansu Distinctive Plants, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China; Bioactive Products Engineering Research Center For Gansu Distinctive Plants, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Junlong Wang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China; Bioactive Products Engineering Research Center For Gansu Distinctive Plants, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China.
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