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Numakura K, Kobayashi M, Muto Y, Sato H, Sekine Y, Sobu R, Aoyama Y, Takahashi Y, Okada S, Sasagawa H, Narita S, Kumagai S, Wada Y, Mori N, Habuchi T. The Current Trend of Radiation Therapy for Patients with Localized Prostate Cancer. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:8092-8110. [PMID: 37754502 PMCID: PMC10529045 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30090587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A recent approach to radiotherapy for prostate cancer is the administration of high doses of radiation to the prostate while minimizing the risk of side effects. Thus, image-guided radiotherapy utilizes advanced imaging techniques and is a feasible strategy for increasing the radiation dose. New radioactive particles are another approach to achieving high doses and safe procedures. Prostate brachytherapy is currently considered as a combination therapy. Spacers are useful to protect adjacent organs, specifically the rectum, from excessive radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Numakura
- Department of Urology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan; (M.K.); (Y.M.); (H.S.); (Y.S.); (R.S.); (Y.A.); (Y.T.); (S.O.); (H.S.); (S.N.); (T.H.)
| | - Mizuki Kobayashi
- Department of Urology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan; (M.K.); (Y.M.); (H.S.); (Y.S.); (R.S.); (Y.A.); (Y.T.); (S.O.); (H.S.); (S.N.); (T.H.)
| | - Yumina Muto
- Department of Urology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan; (M.K.); (Y.M.); (H.S.); (Y.S.); (R.S.); (Y.A.); (Y.T.); (S.O.); (H.S.); (S.N.); (T.H.)
| | - Hiromi Sato
- Department of Urology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan; (M.K.); (Y.M.); (H.S.); (Y.S.); (R.S.); (Y.A.); (Y.T.); (S.O.); (H.S.); (S.N.); (T.H.)
| | - Yuya Sekine
- Department of Urology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan; (M.K.); (Y.M.); (H.S.); (Y.S.); (R.S.); (Y.A.); (Y.T.); (S.O.); (H.S.); (S.N.); (T.H.)
| | - Ryuta Sobu
- Department of Urology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan; (M.K.); (Y.M.); (H.S.); (Y.S.); (R.S.); (Y.A.); (Y.T.); (S.O.); (H.S.); (S.N.); (T.H.)
| | - Yu Aoyama
- Department of Urology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan; (M.K.); (Y.M.); (H.S.); (Y.S.); (R.S.); (Y.A.); (Y.T.); (S.O.); (H.S.); (S.N.); (T.H.)
| | - Yoshiko Takahashi
- Department of Urology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan; (M.K.); (Y.M.); (H.S.); (Y.S.); (R.S.); (Y.A.); (Y.T.); (S.O.); (H.S.); (S.N.); (T.H.)
| | - Syuhei Okada
- Department of Urology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan; (M.K.); (Y.M.); (H.S.); (Y.S.); (R.S.); (Y.A.); (Y.T.); (S.O.); (H.S.); (S.N.); (T.H.)
| | - Hajime Sasagawa
- Department of Urology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan; (M.K.); (Y.M.); (H.S.); (Y.S.); (R.S.); (Y.A.); (Y.T.); (S.O.); (H.S.); (S.N.); (T.H.)
| | - Shintaro Narita
- Department of Urology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan; (M.K.); (Y.M.); (H.S.); (Y.S.); (R.S.); (Y.A.); (Y.T.); (S.O.); (H.S.); (S.N.); (T.H.)
| | - Satoshi Kumagai
- Department of Radiology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan; (S.K.); (Y.W.); (N.M.)
| | - Yuki Wada
- Department of Radiology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan; (S.K.); (Y.W.); (N.M.)
| | - Naoko Mori
- Department of Radiology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan; (S.K.); (Y.W.); (N.M.)
| | - Tomonori Habuchi
- Department of Urology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan; (M.K.); (Y.M.); (H.S.); (Y.S.); (R.S.); (Y.A.); (Y.T.); (S.O.); (H.S.); (S.N.); (T.H.)
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Mortezaee K, Motallebzadeh E, Milajerdi A, Farhood B, Najafi M, Sahebkar A. The Effect of Prostate Cancer Radiotherapy on Testosterone Level: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 20:636-642. [PMID: 31994469 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200128112558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the current study, a systematic search and meta-analysis were performed to evaluate the effect of prostate cancer radiotherapy on testosterone levels of patients. METHODS To illuminate the effect of radiotherapy on the testosterone level of prostate cancer patients, a systematic search was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guideline in electronic databases of Scopus, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and clinical trials up to December 2018 using relevant keywords. Based on a certain set of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 12 eligible studies that had data on the testosterone level following prostate cancer radiotherapy were included in the meta-analysis. RESULTS According to the various techniques of prostate cancer radiotherapy, the dose values scattered to the testicular tissues ranged from 0.31 to 10 Gy. Combining the findings from 12 studies, it was found that prostate cancer radiotherapy leads to a significant reduction in the testosterone level (Weighted Mean Difference [WMD]: -51.38 ng/dL, 95% CI: -75.86, -26.90, I2=0.0%, P<0.05). Furthermore, subgroup analysis by the patient number showed a significant reduction in the testosterone level at patient number < 50 (WMD: -80.32 ng/dL, 95% CI: -125.10, -35.55, I2= 0.0%) and 50 < patient number < 100 (WMD: -46.99 ng/dL, 95% CI: - 87.15, -6.82, I2= 0.0%). Subgroup analysis based on treatment technique type revealed a significant reduction in testosterone level after conventional radiotherapy (WMD: -56.67, 95% CI: -100.45,-12.88, I2= 34.3%) and IMRT/SBRT technique (WMD: -57.42, 95% CI: -99.39, -15.46, I2= 0.0%) in comparison with the proton therapy (WMD: 0.00, 95% CI: -80.24, 80.24). CONCLUSION The findings showed a significant decrease in the testosterone level of prostate cancer patients after radiotherapy compared with pre-treatment levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keywan Mortezaee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Elham Motallebzadeh
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Alireza Milajerdi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Farhood
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Farhood B, Mortezaee K, Haghi-Aminjan H, Khanlarkhani N, Salehi E, Nashtaei MS, Najafi M, Sahebkar A. A systematic review of radiation-induced testicular toxicities following radiotherapy for prostate cancer. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:14828-14837. [PMID: 30740683 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is the second most common malignancy in men in the world, and radiotherapy is used as a standard treatment modality for this cancer. Although this treatment modality effectively kills prostate cancerous cells, it unavoidably irradiates the organs/tissues that are away from the treatment site. In this regard, radiation-induced testicular toxicities following prostate radiotherapy can affect sexual function, reproduction, and quality of life in cancer survivors. This review summarizes the available data on testicular exposure to radiation during prostate radiotherapy and the consequences on testicular function. METHODS To illuminate the radiation-induced testicular toxicities following prostate radiotherapy, a systematic search was conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and clinical trials electronic databases up to September 2018. According to a set of prespecified inclusion and exclusion criteria, 31 eligible articles providing data on testicular function following radiotherapy in patients with prostate cancer were included in the study. RESULTS According to the different radiotherapeutic techniques used for prostate cancer treatment, the total tumor dose and scattered testicular dose values were ranging from 36.25 to 78.00 Gy and 0.06 to 6.48 Gy, respectively. Luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels after prostate radiotherapy were significantly higher in comparison with the pretreatment levels. Around 60% of the studies showed that testosterone levels after prostate radiotherapy were significantly lower than the pretreatment levels. Furthermore, erectile dysfunction (ED), as an adverse side effect resulting from prostate radiotherapy, was reported and this complication is significantly correlated with lower satisfaction with sexual life. Testicular atrophy following prostate radiotherapy has also been observed and its frequency in patients with prior prostate radiotherapy is 2.5 times more than that in the patients without prior radiotherapy. CONCLUSION The data revealed that the scattered dose to testicular tissues during prostate radiotherapy can lead to testicular atrophy, variation of the male sex hormones, and quality of sexual life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bagher Farhood
- Department of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Keywan Mortezaee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Hamed Haghi-Aminjan
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Khanlarkhani
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ensieh Salehi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Shabani Nashtaei
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Infertility Department, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Handelsman DJ, Hirschberg AL, Bermon S. Circulating Testosterone as the Hormonal Basis of Sex Differences in Athletic Performance. Endocr Rev 2018; 39:803-829. [PMID: 30010735 PMCID: PMC6391653 DOI: 10.1210/er.2018-00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Elite athletic competitions have separate male and female events due to men's physical advantages in strength, speed, and endurance so that a protected female category with objective entry criteria is required. Prior to puberty, there is no sex difference in circulating testosterone concentrations or athletic performance, but from puberty onward a clear sex difference in athletic performance emerges as circulating testosterone concentrations rise in men because testes produce 30 times more testosterone than before puberty with circulating testosterone exceeding 15-fold that of women at any age. There is a wide sex difference in circulating testosterone concentrations and a reproducible dose-response relationship between circulating testosterone and muscle mass and strength as well as circulating hemoglobin in both men and women. These dichotomies largely account for the sex differences in muscle mass and strength and circulating hemoglobin levels that result in at least an 8% to 12% ergogenic advantage in men. Suppression of elevated circulating testosterone of hyperandrogenic athletes results in negative effects on performance, which are reversed when suppression ceases. Based on the nonoverlapping, bimodal distribution of circulating testosterone concentration (measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry)-and making an allowance for women with mild hyperandrogenism, notably women with polycystic ovary syndrome (who are overrepresented in elite athletics)-the appropriate eligibility criterion for female athletic events should be a circulating testosterone of <5.0 nmol/L. This would include all women other than those with untreated hyperandrogenic disorders of sexual development and noncompliant male-to-female transgender as well as testosterone-treated female-to-male transgender or androgen dopers.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Handelsman
- ANZAC Research Institute, University of Sydney, Concord, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Andrology, Concord Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Angelica L Hirschberg
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephane Bermon
- Laboratoire Motricité Humaine, Education, Sport, Santé, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.,Health and Science Department, International Association of Athletics Federations, Monaco
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Ebbinge M, Berglund A, Varenhorst E, Hedlund PO, Sandblom G. Clinical and prognostic significance of changes in haemoglobin concentration during 1 year of androgen-deprivation therapy for hormone-naïve bone-metastatic prostate cancer. BJU Int 2018; 122:583-591. [PMID: 29611275 DOI: 10.1111/bju.14227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the strength of change in haemoglobin (Hb) concentrations during 1 year of androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) as a predictor of survival in hormone-naïve patients with bone-metastatic (Stage M1b) prostate cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS The patients included in this study were taken from the randomised trial (number 5) carried out by the Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group (SPCG), comparing parenteral oestrogen with total androgen blockade (TAB) in hormone-naïve M1b prostate cancer. We identified 597 men where Hb measurements were made at enrolment, as well as at 3, 6 and 12 months of ADT. The time-dependent impact of Hb concentration changes on overall survival (OS) was analysed using multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis. The 10-year OS according to increase/decrease in Hb concentration for the three treatment periods was demonstrated using Kaplan-Meier curves. RESULTS Multivariate analysis of changes in Hb concentration between baseline and 3 months showed better survival in patients with a decrease in Hb concentration (hazard ratio [HR] 1.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11-1.80) compared to those with an increase, whilst there was no difference in survival associated with a change in Hb concentration between 3 and 6 months (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.76-1.12). Contrary to the first 3 months, poorer survival was seen in patients with a decrease in Hb concentration between 6 and 12 months (HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.62-0.92) compared to those with an increase. CONCLUSIONS In a large cohort of Scandinavian men with hormone-naïve M1b prostate cancer, an increase in Hb concentration between baseline and 3 months of ADT was associated with significantly poorer survival, whereas an increase between 6 and 12 months was associated with better survival. These findings provide new information about patterns of change in Hb concentrations during 12 months of ADT for M1b prostate cancer, and survival. Clinicians should be aware of the prognostic value of Hb concentration changes during ADT in M1b prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ebbinge
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Urology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Eberhard Varenhorst
- Department of Urology and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Gabriel Sandblom
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Surgery, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
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LHRH analog therapy is associated with worse metabolic side effects than bilateral orchiectomy in prostate cancer. World J Urol 2016; 34:1621-1628. [DOI: 10.1007/s00345-016-1831-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Maggio M, De Vita F, Fisichella A, Lauretani F, Ticinesi A, Ceresini G, Cappola A, Ferrucci L, Ceda GP. The Role of the Multiple Hormonal Dysregulation in the Onset of "Anemia of Aging": Focus on Testosterone, IGF-1, and Thyroid Hormones. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:292574. [PMID: 26779261 PMCID: PMC4686706 DOI: 10.1155/2015/292574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anemia is a multifactorial condition whose prevalence increases in both sexes after the fifth decade of life. It is a highly represented phenomenon in older adults and in one-third of cases is "unexplained." Ageing process is also characterized by a "multiple hormonal dysregulation" with disruption in gonadal, adrenal, and somatotropic axes. Experimental studies suggest that anabolic hormones such as testosterone, IGF-1, and thyroid hormones are able to increase erythroid mass, erythropoietin synthesis, and iron bioavailability, underlining a potential role of multiple hormonal changes in the anemia of aging. Epidemiological data more consistently support an association between lower testosterone and anemia in adult-older individuals. Low IGF-1 has been especially associated with anemia in the pediatric population and in a wide range of disorders. There is also evidence of an association between thyroid hormones and abnormalities in hematological parameters under overt thyroid and euthyroid conditions, with limited data on subclinical statuses. Although RCTs have shown beneficial effects, stronger for testosterone and the GH-IGF-1 axis and less evident for thyroid hormones, in improving different hematological parameters, there is no clear evidence for the usefulness of hormonal treatment in improving anemia in older subjects. Thus, more clinical and research efforts are needed to investigate the hormonal contribution to anemia in the older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Maggio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Geriatric Rehabilitation Department, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- *Marcello Maggio:
| | - Francesca De Vita
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Alberto Fisichella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Fulvio Lauretani
- Geriatric Rehabilitation Department, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Ticinesi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Graziano Ceresini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Geriatric Rehabilitation Department, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Anne Cappola
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Gian Paolo Ceda
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Geriatric Rehabilitation Department, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
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Gonzales GF, Chaupis D. Higher androgen bioactivity is associated with excessive erythrocytosis and chronic mountain sickness in Andean Highlanders: a review. Andrologia 2014; 47:729-43. [PMID: 25277225 DOI: 10.1111/and.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Populations living at high altitudes (HA), particularly in the Peruvian Central Andes, are characterised by presenting subjects with erythrocytosis and others with excessive erythrocytosis (EE)(Hb>21 g dl(-1) ). EE is associated with chronic mountain sickness (CMS), or lack of adaptation to HA. Testosterone is an erythropoietic hormone and it may play a role on EE at HA. The objective of the present review was to summarise findings on role of serum T levels on adaptation at HA and genes acting on this process. Men at HA without EE have higher androstenedione levels and low ratio androstenedione/testosterone than men with EE, suggesting low activity of 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17beta-HSD), and this could be a mechanism of adaptation to HA. Higher conversion of dehydroepiandrosterone to testosterone in men with EE suggests nigher 17beta-HSD activity. Men with CMS at Peruvian Central Andes have two genes SENP1, and ANP32D with higher transcriptional response to hypoxia relative to those without. SUMO-specific protease 1 (SENP1) is an erythropoiesis regulator, which is essential for the stability and activity of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1α) under hypoxia. SENP1 reverses the hormone-augmented SUMOylation of androgen receptor (AR) increasing the transcription activity of AR.In conclusion, increased androgen activity is related with CMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Gonzales
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Reproduction, High Altitude Research Institute and Department of Biological and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Philosophy, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - D Chaupis
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Reproduction, High Altitude Research Institute and Department of Biological and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Philosophy, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
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Zhang C, Li Z, Cao Q, Qin C, Cai H, Zhou H, Qian J, Tao L, Ju X, Yin C. Association of erythropoietin gene rs576236 polymorphism and risk of adrenal tumors in a Chinese population. J Biomed Res 2014; 28:456-61. [PMID: 25469114 PMCID: PMC4250524 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.28.20130126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) is a circulating glycosylated protein hormone and has been implicated in the development and progression of non-hematopoietic tissue tumors. The objective of the present study was to determine if the EPO rs576236 polymorphism was associated with the risk of adrenal tumors. We genotyped the EPO rs576236 polymorphism in a case-control study of 288 adrenal tumor patients and 456 cancer-free controls by using the TaqMan method, and assessed the association between the polymorphism and the adrenal tumor risk by logistic regression. Furthermore, 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to assess the genetic association between the polymorphism and the risk of adrenal tumor. Compared with the TT genotype, the TC genotype had a significantly increased risk of adrenal tumor [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.12–2.22]. Furthermore a significantly increased risk of adrenal tumor was found in the combined variant genotypes TC+CC compared with the TT genotype (adjusted OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.12–2.21). Our present study suggests that the rs576236 polymorphism of EPO confers susceptibility to adrenal tumor in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Zhongxing Li
- Department of Urology, Zhenjiang Second People's Hospital, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212000, China
| | - Qiang Cao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Chao Qin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Hongzhou Cai
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Hai Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Jian Qian
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Liangjun Tao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Xiaobing Ju
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Changjun Yin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
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10
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Gonzales GF. Serum testosterone levels and excessive erythrocytosis during the process of adaptation to high altitudes. Asian J Androl 2013; 15:368-74. [PMID: 23524530 DOI: 10.1038/aja.2012.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Populations living at high altitudes (HAs), particularly in the Peruvian Andes, are characterized by a mixture of subjects with erythrocytosis (16 g dl(-1)<haemoglobin (Hb)≤21 g dl(-1)) and others with excessive erythrocytosis (EE) (Hb>21 g dl(-1)). Elevated haemoglobin values (EE) are associated with chronic mountain sickness, a condition reflecting the lack of adaptation to HA. According to current data, native men from regions of HA are not adequately adapted to live at such altitudes if they have elevated serum testosterone levels. This seems to be due to an increased conversion of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) to testosterone. Men with erythrocytosis at HAs show higher serum androstenedione levels and a lower testosterone/androstenedione ratio than men with EE, suggesting reduced 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17beta-HSD) activity. Lower 17beta-HSD activity via Δ4-steroid production in men with erythrocytosis at HA may protect against elevated serum testosterone levels, thus preventing EE. The higher conversion of DHEAS to testosterone in subjects with EE indicates increased 17beta-HSD activity via the Δ5-pathway. Currently, there are various situations in which people live (human biodiversity) with low or high haemoglobin levels at HA. Antiquity could be an important adaptation component for life at HA, and testosterone seems to participate in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo F Gonzales
- High Altitude Research Institute and Department of Biological and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Philosophy, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 31, Peru.
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