1
|
Yang Y, Gan F, Luo T, Lin Q, Yang W, Chen L, Zhang W, Liu Q, Gong C. Patient-reported outcome and survival in premenopausal hormone receptor-positive breast cancer patients at moderate to high risk: comparing toremifene with aromatase inhibitor in a real-world study. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e698. [PMID: 39286777 PMCID: PMC11401972 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Toremifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, is commonly used in China for premenopausal breast cancer patients. This real-world study aimed to compare patient-reported outcome (PRO) and survival between toremifene and aromatase inhibitor (AI) plus ovarian function suppression (OFS) in patients with moderate-/high-risk premenopausal hormone receptor (HR)-positive breast cancer. The primary endpoint was PROs, assessed using SF-36 and EQ-5D-5L questionnaires between January and March 2023. A total of 392 patients were included, with 171 receiving toremifene and 221 receiving AI. The toremifene group showed significantly higher scores in the role physical (p = 0.034) and mental health (p = 0.009) dimensions of SF-36 and lower anxiety/depression (AD) scores (p = 0.038) in EQ-5D-5L compared to AI group. The estimated 5- and 8-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates were similar in toremifene and AI groups: 96.5% versus 91.9%, and 87.4% versus 87.8% (p = 0.39), respectively. Adverse event rates were similar in two groups, except for a greater risk of endometrial thickening (p < 0.001) and a lower occurrence of morning stiffness (p < 0.001) in the toremifene compared to the AI group. Premenopausal HR-positive breast cancer patients receiving toremifene plus OFS had better role physical and mental health outcomes and lower AD dimensions than those receiving AI plus OFS. Both treatments had comparable DFS and favorable tolerability profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Breast Tumor Center Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Fengxia Gan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Breast Tumor Center Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Ting Luo
- Institute for Breast Health Medicine, Cancer Center, Breast Center West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Qun Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Breast Tumor Center Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Wenqian Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Institute for Breast Health Medicine, Cancer Center, Breast Center West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Lili Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Breast Tumor Center Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Breast Tumor Center Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Breast Tumor Center Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Chang Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Breast Tumor Center Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou Guangdong China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li Y, Deng Z, Wang Y, Shen S. Lipid changes during endocrine therapy in early-stage breast cancer patients: A real-world study. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:9. [PMID: 38191454 PMCID: PMC10773127 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endocrine drugs may affect lipid metabolism in breast cancer (BC) patients. This study explores lipid changes in early-stage BC patients taking different endocrine drugs. METHODS The changing trend of blood lipid during endocrine therapy in 2756 BC patients from January 2013 to December 2021 was retrospectively analyzed. The changes in four lipid parameters were assessed by the Generalized Linear Mixed Model, including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C). These parameters were quantified at baseline and at 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 months after endocrine therapy initiation. Furthermore, a subgroup analysis according to menopausal status or medication types was conducted. RESULTS A total of 1201 patients taking aromatase inhibitors (AIs), including anastrozole (ANA), letrozole (LET), or exemestane (EXE), and 1555 patients taking toremifene (TOR) were enrolled. TC and TG levels showed a significantly elevated trend during 5 years of treatment (P < 0.05). HDL-C levels increased from baseline in the TOR group (P < 0.05). Compared with the postmenopausal AI group, the increasing trends of TC, TG, and LDL-C in the premenopausal AI group were more evident with the extension of time (β = 0.105, 0.027, 0.086, respectively). Within 3 years, TC, TG, and LDL-C levels in the ANA and LET groups were significantly higher than baseline (P < 0.05). Moreover, the levels of TG in the EXE group were significantly lower than that in the ANA or LET group (P < 0.05), but this significant difference disappeared after 3 years. CONCLUSIONS AIs significantly influenced lipid profiles more than TOR. AIs had a greater effect on blood lipids in premenopausal patients. Steroidal AIs (EXE) may affect lipid levels less than nonsteroidal AIs (ANA and LET).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuechong Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zixi Deng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingjiao Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Songjie Shen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhu J, Ye L, Sun S, Yuan J, Huang J, Zeng Z. Involvement of RFC3 in tamoxifen resistance in ER-positive breast cancer through the cell cycle. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:13738-13752. [PMID: 38059884 PMCID: PMC10756131 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Since the establishment of the molecular subtyping system, ER positive breast cancer was considered to be the most prevalent type of breast cancer, and endocrine therapy was a very important solution. However, numerous studies have shown that the cell cycle plays a key role in the progression and metastasis of breast cancer. The present study showed that RFC3 was involved in the cell cycle through DNA replication. Furthermore, RFC3 expression was significantly higher in breast cancer-resistant cells than in parental cells, which correlated with the cell cycle. We confirmed these results by established drug-resistant cell lines for breast cancer, raw letter analysis and immunohistochemical analysis of primary and recurrent tissues from three ER+ breast cancers. In addition, analysis of the results through an online database revealed that RFC3 expression was significantly associated with poor prognosis in ER+ breast cancer. We also demonstrated that in ER positive breast cancer-resistant cells, knockdown of RFC3 blocked the S-phase of cells and significantly attenuated cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Furthermore, RFC3 overexpression in ER positive breast cancer cells enhanced cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Taking all these findings into account, we could conclude that RFC3 was involved in endocrine resistance in breast cancer through the cell cycle. Thus, RFC3 may be a target to address endocrine therapy resistance in ER positive breast cancer and may be an independent prognostic factor in ER positive breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Zhu
- Department of Breast, Foshan Fosun Chancheng Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Foshan Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Shishen Sun
- Foshan Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, Foshan Fosun Chancheng Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianfeng Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Foshan Fosun Chancheng Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zeng
- Department of Breast, Foshan Fosun Chancheng Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang J, Zhou Z. Estrogen-dependent activation of NCOA3 couples with p300 and NF-κB to mediate antiapoptotic genes in ER-positive breast cancer cells. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:28. [PMID: 36853387 PMCID: PMC9975134 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00635-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Circumvention of apoptosis by the elevation of antiapoptotic proteins is an important cause of carcinogenesis. The induction of antiapoptotic genes, including B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (BCL2), BCL2 related protein A1 (BCL2A1), BCL2 like 1 (BCL2L1), BCL2L2, and myeloid cell leukemia 1 (MCL1), has been observed in multiple cancers, including breast cancer. However, the underlying mechanisms of their overexpression are still being investigated. Here, we revealed that BCL2, BCL2A1, BCL2L2, and MCL1 but not BCL2L1 were overexpressed in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer cells and clinical biopsies. Stimulation with estrogen in ER-positive cell lines resulted in a dose-dependent increase in BCL2, BCL2A1, BCL2L2, and MCL1 mRNA levels. Molecular investigation revealed that nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) recruited histone acetyltransferase p300 and nuclear receptor coactivator 3 (NCOA3) to form a transcriptional complex. This complex docked the promoters of BCL2, BCL2A1, BCL2L2, and MCL1 and activated their expression. Interestingly, estrogen exposure dose-dependently activated NCOA3. Depletion of the NCOA3-p300-NF-κB components or blockage of NCOA3 function with inhibitors (gossypol and bufalin) in ER-positive cells suppressed BCL2, BCL2A1, BCL2L2, and MCL1 expression, while also decreasing cell viability, colony formation, cell invasion, and tumor growth. Collectively, our results demonstrate an upstream signaling that activates four antiapoptotic genes in ER-positive breast cancer cells. Importantly, our results also imply that targeting NCOA3 or blocking the assembly of the NCOA3-p300-NF-κB complex may be promising therapeutic strategies for treating ER-positive breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, 92 Aiguo Rd, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Estradiol and Estrogen-like Alternative Therapies in Use: The Importance of the Selective and Non-Classical Actions. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040861. [PMID: 35453610 PMCID: PMC9029610 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen is one of the most important female sex hormones, and is indispensable for reproduction. However, its role is much wider. Among others, due to its neuroprotective effects, estrogen protects the brain against dementia and complications of traumatic injury. Previously, it was used mainly as a therapeutic option for influencing the menstrual cycle and treating menopausal symptoms. Unfortunately, hormone replacement therapy might be associated with detrimental side effects, such as increased risk of stroke and breast cancer, raising concerns about its safety. Thus, tissue-selective and non-classical estrogen analogues have become the focus of interest. Here, we review the current knowledge about estrogen effects in a broader sense, and the possibility of using selective estrogen-receptor modulators (SERMs), selective estrogen-receptor downregulators (SERDs), phytoestrogens, and activators of non-genomic estrogen-like signaling (ANGELS) molecules as treatment.
Collapse
|
6
|
Song D, Hu Y, Diao B, Miao R, Zhang B, Cai Y, Zeng H, Zhang Y, Hu X. Effects of Tamoxifen vs. Toremifene on fatty liver development and lipid profiles in breast Cancer. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:798. [PMID: 34246237 PMCID: PMC8272257 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08538-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tamoxifen (TAM) and Toremifene (TOR), two kinds of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), have equal efficacy in breast cancer patients. However, TAM has been proved to affect serum lipid profiles and cause fatty liver disease. The study aimed to compare the effects of TAM and TOR on fatty liver development and lipid profiles. METHODS This study performed a retrospective analysis of 308 SERMs-treated early breast cancer patients who were matched 1:1 based on propensity scores. The follow-up period was 3 years. The primary outcomes were fatty liver detected by ultrasonography or computed tomography (CT), variation in fibrosis indexes, and serum lipid profiles change. RESULTS The cumulative incidence rate of new-onset fatty liver was higher in the TAM group than in the TOR group (113.2 vs. 67.2 per 1000 person-years, p < 0.001), and more severe fatty livers occurred in the TAM group (25.5 vs. 7.5 per 1000 person-years, p = 0.003). According to the Kaplan-Meier curves, TAM significantly increased the risk of new-onset fatty liver (25.97% vs. 17.53%, p = 0.0243) and the severe fatty liver (5.84% vs. 1.95%, p = 0.0429). TOR decreased the risk of new-onset fatty liver by 45% (hazard ratio = 0.55, p = 0.020) and showed lower fibrotic burden, independent of obesity, lipid, and liver enzyme levels. TOR increased triglycerides less than TAM, and TOR increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, while TAM did the opposite. No significant differences in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol are observed between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS TAM treatment is significantly associated with more severe fatty liver disease and liver fibrosis, while TOR is associated with an overall improvement in lipid profiles, which supports continuous monitoring of liver imaging and serum lipid levels during SERM treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Song
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingying Hu
- Department of Oncology Surgey, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Biyu Diao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rongrong Miao
- Department of Ultrasound Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Baodan Zhang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yangjun Cai
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hanqian Zeng
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuru Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoqu Hu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Schick J, Ritchie RP, Restini C. Breast Cancer Therapeutics and Biomarkers: Past, Present, and Future Approaches. Breast Cancer (Auckl) 2021; 15:1178223421995854. [PMID: 33994789 PMCID: PMC8100889 DOI: 10.1177/1178223421995854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer death in women and the second-most common cancer. An estimated 281 550 new cases of invasive BC will be diagnosed in women in the United States, and about 43 600 will die during 2021. Continual research has shed light on all disease areas, including tumor classification and biomarkers for diagnosis/prognosis. As research investigations evolve, new classes of drugs are emerging with potential benefits in BC treatment that are covered in this manuscript. The initial sections present updated classification and terminology used for diagnosis and prognosis, which leads to the following topics, discussing the past and present treatments available for BC. Our review will generate interest in exploring the complexity of the cell cycle and its association with cancer biology as part of the plethora of target factors toward developing newer drugs and effective therapeutic management of BC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Schick
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, Clinton Township, MI, USA
| | - Raquel P Ritchie
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, Clinton Township, MI, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Carolina Restini
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, Clinton Township, MI, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMS): keys to understanding their function. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 27:1171-1176. [DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
9
|
Chan CWH, Law BMH, So WKW, Chow KM, Waye MMY. Pharmacogenomics of breast cancer: highlighting CYP2D6 and tamoxifen. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 146:1395-1404. [PMID: 32270286 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03206-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To review recent pharmacogenomics studies on breast cancer patients undergoing tamoxifen therapy, highlighting how our knowledge on cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) can help to guide the development of adjuvant therapies for these patients. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted. Articles reporting findings pertaining to the effect of CYP2D6 on the therapeutic efficacy of tamoxifen, those reporting how targeting CYP2D6 could inform tamoxifen-based therapy development, and those on the tamoxifen effects on cell lines and animal models were included in the review. RESULTS With CYP2D6 being the primary enzyme for tamoxifen metabolism, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in this gene were one of the determinants in the rate of tamoxifen metabolism, thereby potentially having an effect on the efficacy of tamoxifen-based therapies. Our review indicates the potential effectiveness of targeting these SNPs, including those for the CYP2D6*10 allele (c. 100C > T), in modifying the level of tamoxifen metabolism. These findings suggest the importance of pharmacogenomics research in our understanding of the efficacy of adjuvant therapies. However, the involvement of multiple enzymes in tamoxifen metabolism, dietary factors, ethnic differences in gene frequencies, and patients' compliance to tamoxifen therapies in studies do present challenges in pharmacogenomics research. CONCLUSIONS Pharmacogenomics could play important roles in mediating the advancement of tamoxifen-based adjuvant therapies. Research efforts should be directed towards the exploration of further SNPs of CYP2D6 that affect tamoxifen metabolism, as well as epigenetic changes in CYP2D6, enabling the design of precision medicine and confirming clinical validity in the use of pharmacogenomics for tamoxifen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen W H Chan
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 6/F Esther Lee Building, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bernard M H Law
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 6/F Esther Lee Building, Hong Kong, China
| | - Winnie K W So
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 6/F Esther Lee Building, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka Ming Chow
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 6/F Esther Lee Building, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mary M Y Waye
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 6/F Esther Lee Building, Hong Kong, China. .,The Croucher Laboratory for Human Genomics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Garg A, Singh B, Sharma R, Singh A, Kumar A. Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Mechanistic Insights Against Microbial Infections. Curr Mol Med 2020; 20:102-115. [PMID: 31622201 DOI: 10.2174/1566524019666191014112133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Infections are one of the leading causes of death worldwide
and currently available treatments remain unsatisfactory due to rise in the cases of
antimicrobial resistance. Thus, there is a need for the development of new drugs with
different mechanisms of action. However, the development of new antimicrobials agents
is a long and expensive process. Hence, most of the pharmaceutical companies are
Methodology:
The data related to SERMs and microbial infection has been extracted
from Pub Med (from January 1997 to December 2018). A total of 101 studies have been
published from 1997 -2018 regarding SERMs and microbial infections.
Results:
On the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 25 studies have been included
for the analysis of level of evidence regarding antimicrobial effects of SERMs. Emerging
reports have indicated the antimicrobial property of selective estrogen receptor
modulators (SERMs) against normal and resistant strains under in vitro and in vivo
conditions against wide variety of microorganisms through different mechanisms of
action.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, SERMs could be developed as a broad spectrum
antimicrobial agent alone or in combination with existing antimicrobial agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aakriti Garg
- Department of Pharmacology, Indo-Soviet Friendship College of Pharmacy (ISFCP), Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Balraj Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Indo-Soviet Friendship College of Pharmacy (ISFCP), Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Ruchika Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Indo-Soviet Friendship Institute of Professional Studies (ISFIPS), Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Arti Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Indo-Soviet Friendship College of Pharmacy (ISFCP), Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Anoop Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Indo-Soviet Friendship College of Pharmacy (ISFCP), Moga, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Martinkovich S, Shah D, Planey SL, Arnott JA. Selective estrogen receptor modulators: tissue specificity and clinical utility. Clin Interv Aging 2014; 9:1437-52. [PMID: 25210448 PMCID: PMC4154886 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s66690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are a diverse group of nonsteroidal compounds that function as agonists or antagonists for estrogen receptors (ERs) in a target gene-specific and tissue-specific fashion. SERM specificity involves tissue-specific expression of ER subtypes, differential expression of co-regulatory proteins in various tissues, and varying ER conformational changes induced by ligand binding. To date, the major clinical applications of SERMs are their use in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer, the prevention of osteoporosis, and the maintenance of beneficial serum lipid profiles in postmenopausal women. However, SERMs have also been found to promote adverse effects, including thromboembolic events and, in some cases, carcinogenesis, that have proven to be obstacles in their clinical utility. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of SERM tissue specificity and highlight the therapeutic application of well-known and emergent SERMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Martinkovich
- Department of Basic Sciences, The Commonwealth Medical College, Scranton, PA, USA
| | - Darshan Shah
- Department of Basic Sciences, The Commonwealth Medical College, Scranton, PA, USA
| | - Sonia Lobo Planey
- Department of Basic Sciences, The Commonwealth Medical College, Scranton, PA, USA
| | - John A Arnott
- Department of Basic Sciences, The Commonwealth Medical College, Scranton, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|