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Kolinko Y, Malečková A, Kochová P, Grajciarová M, Blassová T, Kural T, Trailin A, Červenková L, Havránková J, Vištejnová L, Tonarová P, Moulisová V, Jiřík M, Zavaďáková A, Tichánek F, Liška V, Králíčková M, Witter K, Tonar Z. Using virtual microscopy for the development of sampling strategies in quantitative histology and design-based stereology. Anat Histol Embryol 2021; 51:3-22. [PMID: 34806204 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Only a fraction of specimens under study are usually selected for quantification in histology. Multilevel sampling or tissue probes, slides and fields of view (FOVs) in the regions of interest (ROIs) are required. In general, all parts of the organs under study should be given the same probability to be taken into account; that is, the sampling should be unbiased on all levels. The objective of our study was to provide an overview of the use of virtual microscopy in the context of developing sampling strategies of FOVs for stereological quantification. We elaborated this idea on 18 examples from multiple fields of histology, including quantification of extracellular matrix and muscle tissue, quantification of organ and tumour microvessels and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes, assessing osseointegration of bone implants, healing of intestine anastomoses and osteochondral defects, counting brain neurons, counting nuclei in vitro cell cultures and others. We provided practical implications for the most common situations, such as exhaustive sampling of ROIs, sampling ROIs of different sizes, sampling the same ROIs for multiple histological methods, sampling more ROIs with variable intensities or using various objectives, multistage sampling and virtual sampling. Recommendations were provided for pilot studies on systematic uniform random sampling of FOVs as a part of optimizing the efficiency of histological quantification to prevent over- or undersampling. We critically discussed the pros and cons of using virtual sections for sampling FOVs from whole scanned sections. Our review demonstrated that whole slide scans of histological sections facilitate the design of sampling strategies for quantitative histology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaroslav Kolinko
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Biomedical Center, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Malečková
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, European Centre of Excellence NTIS, University of West Bohemia, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Kochová
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, European Centre of Excellence NTIS, University of West Bohemia, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Grajciarová
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Biomedical Center, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Blassová
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Biomedical Center, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kural
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Andriy Trailin
- Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Biomedical Center, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Červenková
- Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Biomedical Center, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Department of Pathology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiřina Havránková
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Biomedical Center, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Vištejnová
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Biomedical Center, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Tonarová
- Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Biomedical Center, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimíra Moulisová
- Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Biomedical Center, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Jiřík
- Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Biomedical Center, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Applied Sciences, European Centre of Excellence NTIS, University of West Bohemia, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Zavaďáková
- Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Biomedical Center, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Tichánek
- Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Biomedical Center, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Liška
- Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Biomedical Center, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Department of Surgery and Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Milena Králíčková
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Biomedical Center, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Kirsti Witter
- Institute of Morphology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zbyněk Tonar
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Biomedical Center, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
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Pensa J, Brisbane W, Priester A, Sisk A, Marks L, Geoghegan R. A System for Co-Registration of High-Resolution Ultrasound, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Whole-Mount Pathology for Prostate Cancer. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2021; 2021:3890-3893. [PMID: 34892082 DOI: 10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of high-resolution ultrasound (HRUS) for detection of prostate cancer, it must be validated against whole-mount pathology. An ex-vivo HRUS scanning system was developed and tested in phantom and human tissue experiments to allow for in-plane computational co-registration of HRUS with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and whole-mount pathology. The system allowed for co-registration with an error of 1.9mm±1.4mm, while also demonstrating an ability to allow for lesion identification.Clinical Relevance- Using this system, a workflow can be established to co-register HRUS with MRI and pathology to allow for the diagnostic accuracy of HRUS to be determined with direct comparison to MRI.
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Nugent SM, Meghani SH, Rogal SS, Merlin JS. Medical cannabis use among individuals with cancer: An unresolved and timely issue. Cancer 2020; 126:1832-1836. [PMID: 32012232 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M Nugent
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Center to Improve Veteran Involvement in Care, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon
| | - Salimah H Meghani
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Shari S Rogal
- Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, VA Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jessica S Merlin
- Section of Palliative Care and Medical Ethics, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Center for Research on Health Care, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Walker OLS, Holloway AC, Raha S. The role of the endocannabinoid system in female reproductive tissues. J Ovarian Res 2019; 12:3. [PMID: 30646937 PMCID: PMC6332911 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-018-0478-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been increasing interest in the role of endocannabinoids as critical modulators of the female reproductive processes. Endocannabinoids are natural ligands of cannabinoid, vanilloid, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. Together with their receptors, enzymes and downstream signaling targets, they form the endocannabinoid system (ECS). While the ECS is known to modulate pain and neurodevelopment, it is also known to impact the female reproductive system where it affects folliculogenesis, oocyte maturation, and ovarian endocrine secretion. In addition, the ECS affects oviductal embryo transport, implantation, uterine decidualization and placentation. There is a complex interplay between the ECS and the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, and an intricate crosstalk between the ECS and steroid hormone production and secretion. Exogenous cannabinoids, derived from plants such as Cannabis sativa, are also ligands for cannabinoid receptors. These have been shown to have clinical outcomes related to ECS dysregulation, including multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, along with adverse effects on female reproduction. The aim of this review is to describe and discuss data from human, animal, and in vitro studies that support the important role of the endocannabinoid system in female reproductive tissues and processes. In particular, we will discuss some of the mechanisms by which endocannabinoid signaling can affect ovarian function in both physiological and pathophysiological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- O’ Llenecia S. Walker
- Department of Pediatrics, and the Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, HSC 3N11H, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1 Canada
| | - Alison C. Holloway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, HSC 3N52A, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1 Canada
| | - Sandeep Raha
- Department of Pediatrics, and the Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, HSC 3N11H, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1 Canada
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Li X, Dun MD, Faulkner S, Hondermarck H. Neuroproteins in Cancer: Assumed Bystanders Become Culprits. Proteomics 2018; 18:e1800049. [PMID: 29745056 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent breakthrough discoveries have highlighted the stimulatory role of nerves in cancer initiation and progression, through the release of neurotransmitters and growth factors by nerve terminals in the tumor microenvironment. Intriguingly, neuroproteins such as neuronal membrane proteins, synaptic proteins, neurotransmitters, and neurotrophic growth factors as well as their corresponding receptors, to name only a few, are frequently found in proteomic analyses of cancer tissues external to the brain and central nervous system. While the usual explanation was that neuroproteins were actually not specific to the nervous system and were therefore also expressed in cancer cells, it now appears that the presence of neuroproteins in cancer is largely due to the infiltration of nerves in the tumor microenvironment. Given the newly identified function of nerves as promoters of cancer growth and metastasis, neuroproteins should be considered with great attention because they may actually represent innovative biomarkers and therapeutic targets in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy & Hunter Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Matt D Dun
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy & Hunter Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Sam Faulkner
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy & Hunter Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Hubert Hondermarck
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy & Hunter Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
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Nallathambi R, Mazuz M, Namdar D, Shik M, Namintzer D, Vinayaka AC, Ion A, Faigenboim A, Nasser A, Laish I, Konikoff FM, Koltai H. Identification of Synergistic Interaction Between Cannabis-Derived Compounds for Cytotoxic Activity in Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines and Colon Polyps That Induces Apoptosis-Related Cell Death and Distinct Gene Expression. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2018; 3:120-135. [PMID: 29992185 PMCID: PMC6038055 DOI: 10.1089/can.2018.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Colorectal cancer remains the third most common cancer diagnosis and fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Purified cannabinoids have been reported to prevent proliferation, metastasis, and induce apoptosis in a variety of cancer cell types. However, the active compounds from Cannabis sativa flowers and their interactions remain elusive. Research Aim: This study was aimed to specify the cytotoxic effect of C. sativa-derived extracts on colon cancer cells and adenomatous polyps by identification of active compound(s) and characterization of their interaction. Materials and Methods: Ethanol extracts of C. sativa were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry and their cytotoxic activity was determined using alamarBlue-based assay (Resazurin) and tetrazolium dye-based assay (XTT) on cancer and normal colon cell lines and on dysplastic adenomatous polyp cells. Annexin V Assay and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) were used to determine apoptosis and cell cycle, and RNA sequencing was used to determine gene expression. Results: The unheated cannabis extracts (C2F), fraction 7 (F7), and fraction 3 (F3) had cytotoxic activity on colon cancer cells, but reduced activity on normal colon cell lines. Moreover, synergistic interaction was found between F7 and F3 and the latter contains mainly cannabigerolic acid. The F7 and F7+F3 cytotoxic activity involved cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in S or G0/G1 phases, respectively. RNA profiling identified 2283 differentially expressed genes in F7+F3 treatment, among them genes related to the Wnt signaling pathway and apoptosis-related genes. Moreover, F7, F3, and F7+F3 treatments induced cell death of polyp cells. Conclusions:C. sativa compounds interact synergistically for cytotoxic activity against colon cancer cells and induce cell cycle arrest, apoptotic cell death, and distinct gene expression. F3, F7, and F7+F3 are also active on adenomatous polyps, suggesting possible future therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Moran Mazuz
- Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Dvory Namdar
- Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Michal Shik
- Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel.,The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Diana Namintzer
- Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel.,The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | | | - Aurel Ion
- Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Adi Faigenboim
- Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Ahmad Nasser
- The Interinstitutional Analytical Instrumentation Unit (IU), ARO, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Ido Laish
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Fred M Konikoff
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hinanit Koltai
- Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
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Bogdanović V, Mrdjanović J, Borišev I. A Review of the Therapeutic Antitumor Potential of Cannabinoids. J Altern Complement Med 2017; 23:831-836. [PMID: 28799775 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2017.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this review is to discuss cannabinoids from a preclinical and clinical oncological perspective and provide the audience with a concise, retrospective overview of the most significant findings concerning the potential use of cannabinoids in cancer treatment. METHODS A literature survey of medical and scientific databases was conducted with a focus on the biological and medical potential of cannabinoids in cancer treatment. RESULTS Cannabis sativa is a plant rich in more than 100 types of cannabinoids. Besides exogenous plant cannabinoids, mammalian endocannabinoids and synthetic cannabinoid analogues have been identified. Cannabinoid receptors type 1 (CB1) and type 2 (CB2) have been isolated and characterized from mammalian cells. Through cannabinoid receptor and non-receptor signaling pathways, cannabinoids show specific cytotoxicity against tumor cells, while protecting healthy tissue from apoptosis. The dual antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects of cannabinoids and associated signaling pathways have been investigated on a large panel of cancer cell lines. Cannabinoids also display potent anticancer activity against tumor xenografts, including tumors that express high resistance to standard chemotherapeutics. Few studies have investigated the possible synergistic effects of cannabinoids with standard oncology therapies, and are based on the preclinically confirmed concept of "cannabinoid sensitizers." Also, clinical trials aimed to confirm the antineoplastic activity of cannabinoids have only been evaluated on a small number of subjects, with no consensus conclusions regarding their effectiveness. CONCLUSIONS A large number of cannabinoid compounds have been discovered, developed, and used to study the effects of cannabinoids on cancers in model systems. However, few clinical trials have been conducted on the use of cannabinoids in the treatment of cancers in humans. Further studies require extensive monitoring of the effects of cannabinoids alone or in combination with standard anticancer strategies. With such knowledge, cannabinoids could become a therapy of choice in contemporary oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Višnja Bogdanović
- 1 Medical Faculty, University of Novi Sad , Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Sremska Kamenica, Serbia
| | - Jasminka Mrdjanović
- 1 Medical Faculty, University of Novi Sad , Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Sremska Kamenica, Serbia
| | - Ivana Borišev
- 2 Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad , Novi Sad, Serbia
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Spontaneous involution of pediatric low-grade gliomas: high expression of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CNR1) at the time of diagnosis may indicate involvement of the endocannabinoid system. Childs Nerv Syst 2016; 32:2061-2067. [PMID: 27613640 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-016-3243-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric low-grade gliomas (P-LGG) consist of a mixed group of brain tumors that correspond to the majority of CNS tumors in children. Notably, they may exhibit spontaneous involution after subtotal surgical removal (STR). In this study, we investigated molecular indicators of spontaneous involution in P-LGG. METHODS We performed an integrated molecular analysis including high throughput gene expression (GE), microRNA (miRNA) expression data of primary, untreated tumors from patients with P-LGG who underwent STR at our institution, with at least 10 years follow-up. RESULTS We identified a set of protein-coding genes and miRNAs significantly differentially expressed in P-LGG that presented spontaneous involution (involution-I) or without progression (stable-S) after STR alone. The cannabinoid receptor 1 (CNR1 or CB1) gene (FC = 2.374; p value = 0.007) was at the top of the list and predicted to be regulated by hsa-miR-29b-3p (FC = -2.353, p value = 0.0001). CNR1 also showed a trend to be higher expressed in S/I by immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSIONS The P-LGG, which remained stable or that presented spontaneous involution after STR, showed significantly higher CNR1 expression at the time of diagnosis. We hypothesize that high expression levels of CNR1 provide tumor susceptibility to the antitumor effects of circulating endocannabinoids like anandamide, resulting in tumor involution. This corroborates with reports suggesting that CNR1 agonists and activators of the endocannabinoid system may represent therapeutic opportunities for children with LGG. We also suggest that CNR1 may be a prognostic marker for P-LGG. This is the first time spontaneous involution of P-LGG has been suggested to be induced by endocannabinoids.
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The cost of accuracy: A budget impact analysis of whole-mount histopathology processing for patients with breast cancer undergoing breast conservation. J Cancer Policy 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpo.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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