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Gomes da Cunha JP, Goncalves R, Silva F, Aguiar FN, Mota BS, Chequim BB, Soares JM, Baracat EC, Filassi JR. Validation of the Residual Cancer Burden Index as a prognostic tool in women with locally advanced breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. J Clin Pathol 2023; 76:239-243. [PMID: 34620608 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2021-207771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To correlate the 'Residual Cancer Burden' (RCB) index with overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in women undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy at the Cancer Institute of the State of São Paulo. METHODS We analysed the medical records of patients with breast cancer who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy and breast surgery, from 2011 to December 2017. Variables analysed were age, clinical and pathological staging, molecular subtype, number of recurrences or metastases, number of deaths, value and class of the RCB index. We used the Kaplan-Meier and the log-rank statistics to evaluate the possible association between RCB and OS and DFS. A regression model was used to determine the independent association of the RCB with the outcomes controlling for confounding factors. RESULTS 347 patients were included in the analysis with a mean age of 49.39 years. Initial clinical staging was T3 in 57.9% of patients and 43.8% of patients had N1 axillary status. Survival analysis showed a statistically significant better prognosis for the RCB 0 (pCR) subgroup compared with RCB 1, 2 and 3 (log rank p=0.01). In a multivariate analysis, only the RCB classification showed a statistically significant correlation with DFS (RCB 1, HR 6.9, CI 1.9 to 25.4, p=0.004; RCB 2, HR 4.2, CI 1.6 to 10.8, p=0.03; and RCB 3, HR 7.6, CI 2.76 to 20.8, p=0.00). CONCLUSION We demonstrated a positive and significant relationship between the RCB index and the risk of relapse and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Pierobon Gomes da Cunha
- Setor de Mastologia da Disciplina de Ginecologia do Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Goncalves
- Setor de Mastologia da Disciplina de Ginecologia do Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Silva
- Disciplina de Ginecologia do Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Nalesso Aguiar
- Setor de Patologia Mamária do Departamento de Anatomia Patológica do Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Salani Mota
- Setor de Mastologia da Disciplina de Ginecologia do Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Bello Chequim
- Setor de Mastologia da Disciplina de Ginecologia do Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Maria Soares
- Disciplina de Ginecologia do Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edmund C Baracat
- Disciplina de Ginecologia do Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Filassi
- Setor de Mastologia da Disciplina de Ginecologia do Departamento de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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da Silva JL, Carvalho GDS, Zanetti de Albuquerque L, Rodrigues FR, Fernandes PV, Kischinhevsky D, de Melo AC. Exploring Real-World HER2-Low Data in Early-Stage Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Insights and Implications. BREAST CANCER (DOVE MEDICAL PRESS) 2023; 15:337-347. [PMID: 37188066 PMCID: PMC10178312 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s408743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to compare the clinical behavior, clinicopathological and sociodemographic characteristics of patients with early-stage triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) who belong to the HER2-low and HER2-zero subgroups. Patients and Methods This study involved a thorough search in the internal database of a single Brazilian institution to identify women with TNBC who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) followed by curative surgery within the period from January 2010 to December 2014. HER2 analysis through immunohistochemistry (IHC) and, if required, amplification by in situ hybridization, was conducted using core biopsy samples. The study assesses outcomes of residual cancer burden (RCB), event-free survival (EFS), and overall survival (OS). Results A total of 170 cases were analyzed, with a mean age of 51.4 years (standard deviation, SD 11.2). The HER2 status was categorized as IHC 0, 1+, or 2+ in 80 (47.1%), 73 (42.9%), and 17 (10%) patients, respectively. No significant differences were observed in the prevalence of clinical pathological characteristics among the subgroups. The absence of significant results for clinicopathological and demographic features hindered the multivariate analysis of HER2 subgroups. Similarly, no significant differences were found in the RCB, EFS, and OS outcomes between HER2 subgroups. Conclusion The findings of this study suggest that, in early-stage TNBC, the clinical behavior and survival outcomes of the HER2-low subgroup may not differ significantly from those of the HER2-zero subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Lopes da Silva
- Division of Clinical Research and Technological Development, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Correspondence: Jesse Lopes da Silva, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Clinical Research Division, 37 André Cavalcanti Street, 5th Floor, Annex Building, Rio de Janeiro, 20231-050, Brazil, Tel/Fax +55 21 32076585, Email
| | - Giselle de Souza Carvalho
- Division of Clinical Research and Technological Development, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lucas Zanetti de Albuquerque
- Division of Clinical Research and Technological Development, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Daniel Kischinhevsky
- Division of Clinical Research and Technological Development, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andreia Cristina de Melo
- Division of Clinical Research and Technological Development, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Loap P, Loirat D, Berger F, Rodrigues M, Bazire L, Pierga JY, Vincent-Salomon A, Laki F, Boudali L, Raizonville L, Mosseri V, Jochem A, Eeckhoutte A, Diallo M, Stern MH, Fourquet A, Kirova Y. Concurrent Olaparib and Radiotherapy in Patients With Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: The Phase 1 Olaparib and Radiation Therapy for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Trial. JAMA Oncol 2022; 8:1802-1808. [PMID: 36301572 PMCID: PMC9614672 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2022.5074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Importance Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells are sensitive to poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors used as radiosensitizers. Whether combining PARP inhibitors with radiotherapy in patients with TNBC would enhance the biological effectiveness of the irradiation and improve locoregional control is unclear. Objective To assess the safety and tolerability of PARP inhibition with olaparib used concurrently with radiotherapy in patients with TNBC with residual disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Design, Setting, and Participants This phase 1 prospective dose-escalation trial (Olaparib and Radiation Therapy for TNBC [RadioPARP] trial) using a time-to-event continual reassessment method was performed from September 2017 to November 2019, with follow-up until November 2021. Participants had an incomplete pathologic response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy or unresectable TNBC despite previous neoadjuvant chemotherapy, an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status score of 0 or 1, and adequate organ functions. Interventions Olaparib was administered orally in the form of tablets and given at increasing doses (50 mg, 100 mg, 150 mg, or 200 mg twice daily). Olaparib therapy was started 1 week before radiotherapy and was continued concomitantly with radiotherapy. After breast-conserving surgery, a total dose of 50.4 Gy was delivered to the whole breast, with a 63-Gy simultaneously integrated boost to the tumor bed for patients younger than 60 years. After radical mastectomy or for unresectable tumors despite neoadjuvant chemotherapy, a total dose of 50.0 Gy was delivered to the chest wall (after mastectomy) or to the whole breast (for unresectable tumors). Regional lymph node stations could be treated with a total dose of 50.0 Gy to 50.4 Gy in cases of node-positive disease. Main Outcomes and Measures Main outcomes were the safety and tolerability of PARP inhibition with radiotherapy for early-stage, high-risk TNBC. Secondary outcomes included overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS). Results Among the 24 patients included in the trial (100% female; median age, 46 years [range, 25-74 years]), no dose-limiting toxic effects were observed, and olaparib was escalated to 200 mg twice daily without reaching the maximum tolerated dose. No late treatment-related grade 3 or greater toxic effect was observed, and the maximum observed treatment-related toxic effects at the 2-year follow-up were grade 2 breast pain, fibrosis, and deformity in 1 patient (4.2%). Three-year OS and EFS were 83% (95% CI, 70%-100%) and 65% (95% CI, 48%-88%), respectively. Homologous recombination status was not associated with OS or EFS. Conclusions and Relevance The findings of this phase 1 dose-escalation trial suggest that PARP inhibition with olaparib concurrently with radiotherapy for early-stage, high-risk TNBC is well tolerated and should continue to be evaluated in further clinical trials. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03109080.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Loap
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Loirat
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Department of Drug Development and Innovation, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Louis Bazire
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Fatima Laki
- Department of Surgery, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Latifa Boudali
- Department of Biostatistics, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Anne Jochem
- Department of Biostatistics, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | | | - Mamadou Diallo
- Department of Biostatistics, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | | | - Alain Fourquet
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Youlia Kirova
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris, France
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Biomarker Dynamics and Long-Term Treatment Outcomes in Breast Cancer Patients with Residual Cancer Burden after Neoadjuvant Therapy. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12071740. [PMID: 35885644 PMCID: PMC9318288 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12071740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A residual cancer burden after neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) for breast cancer (BC) is associated with worse treatment outcomes compared to patients who achieved pathologic complete remission. This single-institutional retrospective study of 767 consecutive patients, including 468 patients with assessable residual cancer burden (aRCB) after NAT, with a median follow-up of 36 months, evaluated the biomarkers assessed before NAT from a biopsy and after NAT from a surgical specimen, their dynamics, and effect on long-term outcomes in specific breast cancer subtypes. The leading focus was on proliferation index Ki-67, which was significantly altered by NAT in all BC subtypes (p < 0.001 for HER2 positive and luminal A/B HER2 negative and p = 0.001 for TNBC). Multivariable analysis showed pre-NAT and post-NAT Ki-67 as independent predictors of survival outcomes for luminal A/B HER2 negative subtype. For TNBC, post-NAT Ki-67 was significant alone, and, for HER2 positive, the only borderline association of pre-NAT Ki-67 was observed in relation to the overall survival. Steroid and HER2 receptors were re-assessed just in a portion of the patients with aRCB. The concordance of both assessments was 92.9% for ER status, 80.1% for PR, and 92.2% for HER2. In conclusion, these real-world data of a consecutive cohort confirmed the importance of biomarkers assessment in patients with aRCB, and the need to consider specific BC subtypes when interpreting their influence on prognosis.
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Mao JJ, Pillai GG, Andrade CJ, Ligibel JA, Basu P, Cohen L, Khan IA, Mustian KM, Puthiyedath R, Dhiman KS, Lao L, Ghelman R, Cáceres Guido P, Lopez G, Gallego-Perez DF, Salicrup LA. Integrative oncology: Addressing the global challenges of cancer prevention and treatment. CA Cancer J Clin 2022; 72:144-164. [PMID: 34751943 DOI: 10.3322/caac.21706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in cancer incidence and mortality is challenging current cancer care delivery globally, disproportionally affecting low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) when it comes to receiving evidence-based cancer prevention, treatment, and palliative and survivorship care. Patients in LMICs often rely on traditional, complementary, and integrative medicine (TCIM) that is more familiar, less costly, and widely available. However, spheres of influence and tensions between conventional medicine and TCIM can further disrupt efforts in evidence-based cancer care. Integrative oncology provides a framework to research and integrate safe, effective TCIM alongside conventional cancer treatment and can help bridge health care gaps in delivering evidence-informed, patient-centered care. This growing field uses lifestyle modifications, mind and body therapies (eg, acupuncture, massage, meditation, and yoga), and natural products to improve symptom management and quality of life among patients with cancer. On the basis of this review of the global challenges of cancer control and the current status of integrative oncology, the authors recommend: 1) educating and integrating TCIM providers into the cancer control workforce to promote risk reduction and culturally salient healthy life styles; 2) developing and testing TCIM interventions to address cancer symptoms or treatment-related adverse effects (eg, pain, insomnia, fatigue); and 3) disseminating and implementing evidence-based TCIM interventions as part of comprehensive palliative and survivorship care so patients from all cultures can live with or beyond cancer with respect, dignity, and vitality. With conventional medicine and TCIM united under a cohesive framework, integrative oncology may provide citizens of the world with access to safe, effective, evidence-informed, and culturally sensitive cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun J Mao
- Bendheim Integrative Medicine Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Geetha Gopalakrishna Pillai
- Traditional, Complementary and Integrative Medicine Unit, Service Delivery and Safety Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Jennifer A Ligibel
- Leonard P. Zakim Center for Integrative Therapies and Healthy Living, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Partha Basu
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Lorenzo Cohen
- Integrative Medicine Program, Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Karen M Mustian
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | | | | | - Lixing Lao
- Virginia University of Integrative Medicine, Fairfax, Virginia
| | - Ricardo Ghelman
- Brazilian Academic Consortium for Integrative Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cáceres Guido
- Pharmacokinetics and Research in Clinical Pharmacology and Integrative Medicine Group, Garrahan Pediatric Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Traditional, Complementary, and Integrative Medicine Network of the Americas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Lopez
- Integrative Medicine Program, Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Daniel F Gallego-Perez
- Traditional, Complementary, and Integrative Medicine Network of the Americas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Luis Alejandro Salicrup
- Center for Global Health and Office of Cancer Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
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da Silva JL, de Albuquerque LZ, Rodrigues FR, de Mesquita GG, Fernandes PV, Thuler LCS, de Melo AC. Prognostic Influence of Residual Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte Subtype After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:636716. [PMID: 34858800 PMCID: PMC8630741 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.636716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the prevalence and prognostic role of tumor microenvironment (TME) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) through immunohistochemical characterization. METHODS The internal database of the Brazilian National Cancer Institute for women diagnosed with TNBC who underwent NACT and thereafter curative surgery between January 2010 and December 2014 was queried out. Core biopsy specimens and tissue microarrays containing surgical samples of TNBC from 171 and 134 women, respectively, were assessed by immunohistochemistry for CD3, CD4, CD8, CD14, CD56, CD68, CD117, FOXP3, PD-1, PD-L1, and PD-L2. Immune cell profiles were analyzed and correlated with response and survival. RESULTS Mean age was 50.5 years, and most cases were clinical stage III [143 cases (83.6%)]. According to the multivariate analysis, only Ki67 and clinical stage significantly influenced the pattern of response to systemic treatment (p = 0.019 and p = 0.033, respectively). None of the pre-NACT IHC markers showed a significant association with event-free survival (EFS) or overall survival (OS). As for post-NACT markers, patients with high CD14 had significantly shorter EFS (p = 0.015), while patients with high CD3 (p = 0.025), CD4 (p = 0.025), CD8 (p = 0.030), CD14 (p = 0.015), FOXP3 (p = 0.005), high CD4/FOXP3 (p = 0.034), and CD8/FOXP3 (p = 0.008) showed longer EFS. Only high post-NACT CD4 showed significantly influenced OS (p = 0.038). CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that the post-NACT TIL subtype can be a determining factor in the prognosis of patients with TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Lopes da Silva
- Division of Clinical Research and Technological Development, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lucas Zanetti de Albuquerque
- Division of Clinical Research and Technological Development, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme Gomes de Mesquita
- Division of Clinical Research and Technological Development, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Division of Pathology, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Claudio Santos Thuler
- Division of Clinical Research and Technological Development, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andreia Cristina de Melo
- Division of Clinical Research and Technological Development, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Cherian Kurian N, Sethi A, Reddy Konduru A, Mahajan A, Rane SU. A 2021 update on cancer image analytics with deep learning. WIRES DATA MINING AND KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/widm.1410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Cherian Kurian
- Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay Mumbai India
| | - Amit Sethi
- Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay Mumbai India
| | - Anil Reddy Konduru
- Department of Pathology Tata Memorial Center‐ACTREC, HBNI Navi Mumbai India
| | - Abhishek Mahajan
- Department of Radiology Tata Memorial Hospital, HBNI Mumbai India
| | - Swapnil Ulhas Rane
- Department of Pathology Tata Memorial Center‐ACTREC, HBNI Navi Mumbai India
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da Silva JL, Rodrigues FR, de Mesquita GG, Fernandes PV, Thuler LCS, de Melo AC. Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Assessing the Role of Immunohistochemical Biomarkers on Neoadjuvant Treatment. BREAST CANCER (DOVE MEDICAL PRESS) 2021; 13:31-44. [PMID: 33469357 PMCID: PMC7810824 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s287320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the influence of immunohistochemical (IHC) biomarkers in the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and survival outcomes in the subset of locally advanced triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). MATERIALS AND METHODS The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), androgen receptor (AR), cytokeratins (CK5/6, CK14 and CK17), Ki67 and p53 immunohistochemistry were evaluated on 171 cases of TNBC submitted to NACT and subsequently to surgery. Intensity and percentage of the expression of these biomarkers were combined to formulate a specific score, that was correlated with prognostic features and assessed for survival outcomes. RESULTS Most patients had advanced clinical-stage tumors (stage III: 83.6%; cT3/T4: 85.9%; cN1-3: 71.3%). The predominant histological subtype was high-grade (67.3%) and invasive ductal carcinoma (93.6%). The residual cancer burden (RCB) 0-1 corresponded to 28.7% of cases and low-risk lymph node ratio (LNR) represented 77.2%. High Ki67 expression only showed a significant correlation with grade 3 tumors (p = 0.0157). CK5/6 was observed in 16% (27/169), CK14 was positive in 10.1% (17/169), CK17 in 91.1% (153/168), p53 in 52.6% (70/133), EGFR in 92.9% (157/169 cases), AR in 13% (22/169) and Ki67 index was scored ≥40% in 57.9% (95/165). No IHC biomarker significantly impacted response or survival. Regarding the analysis of the outcomes of event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS), clinical stage (p = 0.014 and p = 0.042, respectively), RCB (p < 0.0001 and p <0.0001, respectively) and LNR (p <0.0001 and p <0.0001, respectively) showed significant association. CONCLUSION No IHC biomarker evaluated showed a significant association with a response or survival outcomes in TNBC patients. Clinical stage, LNR and RCB stood out for strongly influencing survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Lopes da Silva
- Division of Clinical Research and Technological Development, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Luiz Claudio Santos Thuler
- Division of Clinical Research and Technological Development, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andreia Cristina de Melo
- Division of Clinical Research and Technological Development, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Ortega-Ruiz MA, Karabağ C, Garduño VG, Reyes-Aldasoro CC. Morphological Estimation of Cellularity on Neo-Adjuvant Treated Breast Cancer Histological Images. J Imaging 2020; 6:jimaging6100101. [PMID: 34460542 PMCID: PMC8321162 DOI: 10.3390/jimaging6100101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper describes a methodology that extracts key morphological features from histological breast cancer images in order to automatically assess Tumour Cellularity (TC) in Neo-Adjuvant treatment (NAT) patients. The response to NAT gives information on therapy efficacy and it is measured by the residual cancer burden index, which is composed of two metrics: TC and the assessment of lymph nodes. The data consist of whole slide images (WSIs) of breast tissue stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) released in the 2019 SPIE Breast Challenge. The methodology proposed is based on traditional computer vision methods (K-means, watershed segmentation, Otsu’s binarisation, and morphological operations), implementing colour separation, segmentation, and feature extraction. Correlation between morphological features and the residual TC after a NAT treatment was examined. Linear regression and statistical methods were used and twenty-two key morphological parameters from the nuclei, epithelial region, and the full image were extracted. Subsequently, an automated TC assessment that was based on Machine Learning (ML) algorithms was implemented and trained with only selected key parameters. The methodology was validated with the score assigned by two pathologists through the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). The selection of key morphological parameters improved the results reported over other ML methodologies and it was very close to deep learning methodologies. These results are encouraging, as a traditionally-trained ML algorithm can be useful when limited training data are available preventing the use of deep learning approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Alberto Ortega-Ruiz
- Universidad del Valle de México, Departamento de Ingeniería, Campus Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04910, Mexico
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, School of Mathematics, Computer Science and Engineering, City, University of London, London EC1V 0HB, UK;
- Correspondence: (M.A.O.-R.); (C.C.R.-A.)
| | - Cefa Karabağ
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, School of Mathematics, Computer Science and Engineering, City, University of London, London EC1V 0HB, UK;
| | - Victor García Garduño
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Telecomunicaciones, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - Constantino Carlos Reyes-Aldasoro
- giCentre, Department of Computer Science, School of Mathematics, Computer Science and Engineering, City, University of London, London EC1V 0HB, UK
- Correspondence: (M.A.O.-R.); (C.C.R.-A.)
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Li X, Wang M, Wang M, Yu X, Guo J, Sun T, Yao L, Zhang Q, Xu Y. Predictive and Prognostic Roles of Pathological Indicators for Patients with Breast Cancer on Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy. J Breast Cancer 2019; 22:497-521. [PMID: 31897326 PMCID: PMC6933033 DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2019.22.e49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, neoadjuvant chemotherapy is a standard therapeutic strategy for breast cancer, as it can provide timely and individualized chemo-sensitivity information and is beneficial for custom-designing subsequent treatment strategies. To accurately select candidates for neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the association between various immunohistochemical biomarkers of primary disease and tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy has been investigated, and results have shown that certain pathological indicators evaluated after neoadjuvant chemotherapy are associated with long-term prognosis. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recommended that complete pathological response can be used as a surrogate endpoint for neoadjuvant chemotherapy, which is related to better prognosis. Considering that residual tumor persists in the majority of patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the value of various pathological indicators of residual disease in predicting the long-term outcomes is being extensively investigated. This review summarizes and compares various predictive and prognostic indicators for patients who have received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and analyzes their efficacy in different breast cancer subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Mozhi Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Mengshen Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xueting Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jingyi Guo
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Tie Sun
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Litong Yao
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yingying Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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11
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Akbar S, Peikari M, Salama S, Panah AY, Nofech-Mozes S, Martel AL. Automated and Manual Quantification of Tumour Cellularity in Digital Slides for Tumour Burden Assessment. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14099. [PMID: 31576001 PMCID: PMC6773948 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50568-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The residual cancer burden index is an important quantitative measure used for assessing treatment response following neoadjuvant therapy for breast cancer. It has shown to be predictive of overall survival and is composed of two key metrics: qualitative assessment of lymph nodes and the percentage of invasive or in situ tumour cellularity (TC) in the tumour bed (TB). Currently, TC is assessed through eye-balling of routine histopathology slides estimating the proportion of tumour cells within the TB. With the advances in production of digitized slides and increasing availability of slide scanners in pathology laboratories, there is potential to measure TC using automated algorithms with greater precision and accuracy. We describe two methods for automated TC scoring: 1) a traditional approach to image analysis development whereby we mimic the pathologists’ workflow, and 2) a recent development in artificial intelligence in which features are learned automatically in deep neural networks using image data alone. We show strong agreements between automated and manual analysis of digital slides. Agreements between our trained deep neural networks and experts in this study (0.82) approach the inter-rater agreements between pathologists (0.89). We also reveal properties that are captured when we apply deep neural network to whole slide images, and discuss the potential of using such visualisations to improve upon TC assessment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Akbar
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada. .,Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,Vector Institute, Toronto, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | - Anne L Martel
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Vector Institute, Toronto, Canada
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12
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Cook M, Johnson N. Pre-surgical chemotherapy for breast cancer may be associated with improved outcomes. Am J Surg 2018; 215:931-934. [PMID: 29605078 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2018.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Historical studies suggest no difference in disease outcome between neoadjuvant and adjuvant approaches in breast cancer. We hypothesize neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) may offer several benefits, possibly improving quality of life outcomes. METHODS Retrospective review of Tumor Registry data of breast cancer patients from 2011 to 2015. Pathologists reviewed cases from 2012 to 2013 to provide additional RCB (residual cancer burden) scores. RESULTS From 2011 to 2015 there were 2707 breast cancer cases and 455 patients received NCT. RCB score was documented in 348 with excellent outcome in 41% (pCR in 115 patients, 28 RCB I). There were 137 RCB II and 68 RCB III. Clinically positive nodes were present in 202 of 455 and 77 (38%) had clearance of nodal disease. Of these 45 had axillary dissections. DISCUSSION Neoadjuvant therapy was associated with excellent response rates. Thirty eight percent of patients with positive nodes converted to node negative although over 50% underwent axillary dissection. Higher utilization of NCT could decrease need for axillary dissection thereby lowering incidence of lymphedema and improving quality of life for survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Cook
- Legacy Cancer Institute, 1040 NW 22nd Ave, Portland, Oregon 97210, USA.
| | - Nathalie Johnson
- Legacy Cancer Institute, 1040 NW 22nd Ave, Portland, Oregon 97210, USA
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13
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Ma J, Song J, Chen H, Fan C, Xie J, Qi X. Intra-arterial interventional therapy for inoperable local advanced breast cancer: A retrospective study. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:1955-1962. [PMID: 29434896 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of intra-arterial interventional therapy (IAIT) in the treatment of inoperable local advanced breast cancer (LABC). A total of 7 patients with pathologically proven inoperable LABC were included in the present study. Patients received 1-4 cycles of IAIT prior to mastectomy and postoperative adjuvant therapy. The safety and clinical outcomes of IAIT were retrospectively analyzed. Between February 2009 to September 2016, 7 patients received IAIT. The youngest patient was 34 years old and the eldest was 90 years old. The tumor size ranged between 6 and 20 cm in diameter. A total of 5 patients presented with palpable lymph nodes, while none of the patients exhibited distant metastatic disease. A total of 6 patients received ≥1 cycle of neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to IAIT and no severe side effects were observed. Overall, 6 patients exhibited a partial response and 1 presented with stable disease following treatment. The range of progression-free survival was 6-88 months. In total, 1 patient succumbed as a result of another disease 8 months after IAIT, another succumbed from carcinoma of the right fallopian tube and multiple organ metastases 9 months after IAIT, and another survived for 11 months and died of heart disease after IAIT. The other 4 patients remain alive. IAIT is safe and effective for patients with inoperable LABC, and thus, may be an appropriate alternative for patients who are not responsive to or are unable to tolerate neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ma
- Department of Breast Surgery, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Jin Song
- Department of Breast Surgery, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Hai Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Cibo Fan
- Department of Breast Surgery, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Jiaqi Xie
- Department of Breast Surgery, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Qi
- Department of Breast Surgery, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
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Janni W, Alba E, Bachelot T, Diab S, Gil-Gil M, Beck TJ, Ryvo L, Lopez R, Tsai M, Esteva FJ, Auñón PZ, Kral Z, Ward P, Richards P, Pluard TJ, Sutradhar S, Miller M, Campone M. First-line ribociclib plus letrozole in postmenopausal women with HR+ , HER2− advanced breast cancer: Tumor response and pain reduction in the phase 3 MONALEESA-2 trial. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2018; 169:469-479. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4658-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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15
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Peikari M, Salama S, Nofech-Mozes S, Martel AL. Automatic cellularity assessment from post-treated breast surgical specimens. Cytometry A 2017; 91:1078-1087. [PMID: 28976721 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neoadjuvant treatment (NAT) of breast cancer (BCa) is an option for patients with the locally advanced disease. It has been compared with standard adjuvant therapy with the aim of improving prognosis and surgical outcome. Moreover, the response of the tumor to the therapy provides useful information for patient management. The pathological examination of the tissue sections after surgery is the gold-standard to estimate the residual tumor and the assessment of cellularity is an important component of tumor burden assessment. In the current clinical practice, tumor cellularity is manually estimated by pathologists on hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained slides, the quality, and reliability of which might be impaired by inter-observer variability which potentially affects prognostic power assessment in NAT trials. This procedure is also qualitative and time-consuming. In this paper, we describe a method of automatically assessing cellularity. A pipeline to automatically segment nuclei figures and estimate residual cancer cellularity from within patches and whole slide images (WSIs) of BCa was developed. We have compared the performance of our proposed pipeline in estimating residual cancer cellularity with that of two expert pathologists. We found an intra-class agreement coefficient (ICC) of 0.89 (95% CI of [0.70, 0.95]) between pathologists, 0.74 (95% CI of [0.70, 0.77]) between pathologist #1 and proposed method, and 0.75 (95% CI of [0.71, 0.79]) between pathologist #2 and proposed method. We have also successfully applied our proposed technique on a WSI to locate areas with high concentration of residual cancer. The main advantage of our approach is that it is fully automatic and can be used to find areas with high cellularity in WSIs. This provides a first step in developing an automatic technique for post-NAT tumor response assessment from pathology slides. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sherine Salama
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Anne L Martel
- Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Canada.,Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Canada
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16
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Al-Khanbashi M, Caramuta S, Alajmi AM, Al-Haddabi I, Al-Riyami M, Lui WO, Al-Moundhri MS. Tissue and Serum miRNA Profile in Locally Advanced Breast Cancer (LABC) in Response to Neo-Adjuvant Chemotherapy (NAC) Treatment. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152032. [PMID: 27064979 PMCID: PMC4827834 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA that plays a vital role in cancer progression. Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has become the standard of care for locally advanced breast cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate miRNA alterations during NAC using multiple samples of tissue and serum to correlate miRNA expression with clinico-pathological features and patient outcomes. METHODS Tissue and serum samples were collected from patients with locally advanced breast cancer undergoing NAC at four time points: time of diagnosis, after the first and fourth cycle of doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide treatment, and after the fourth cycle of docetaxel administration. First, we evaluated the miRNA expression profiles in tissue and correlated expression with clinico-pathological features. Then, a panel of four miRNAs (miR-451, miR-3200, miR-21, and miR-205) in serum samples was further validated using quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The alterations in serum levels of miRNA, associations with clinical and pathological responses, correlation with clinico-pathological features, and survival outcomes were studied using Friedman, Mann-Whitney U, and Spearman, Wilcoxon signed-ranks tests. P≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS We analyzed 72 tissue samples and 108 serum samples from 9 patients and 27 patients, respectively. MicroRNA expression profiling of tumor versus normal tissue revealed more than 100 differentially expressed miRNAs. Serum miR-451 levels were significantly decreased during treatment, and higher serum levels were associated with improved clinical and pathological responses and disease-free survival. This is one of the early reports on miR-3200 in response to treatment in breast cancer, as serum levels of miR-3200 found to decline during NAC, and higher serum levels were associated with lower residual breast cancer burden and relapse rates at time of diagnosis. CONCLUSION Variations in serum miRNA levels during NAC treatment may be therapeutically significant for predicting response and survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Al-Khanbashi
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Stefano Caramuta
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska institute, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital-Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adil M. Alajmi
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Ibrahim Al-Haddabi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Marwa Al-Riyami
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Weng-Onn Lui
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska institute, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital-Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mansour S. Al-Moundhri
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
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17
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Ji B, Chen B, Wang T, Song Y, Chen M, Ji T, Wang X, Gao S, Ma Q. 99mTc-3PRGD2 SPECT to monitor early response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in stage II and III breast cancer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2015; 42:1362-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s00259-015-3062-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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18
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Pinder SE, Rakha EA, Purdie CA, Bartlett JMS, Francis A, Stein RC, Thompson AM, Shaaban AM. Macroscopic handling and reporting of breast cancer specimens pre- and post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy treatment: review of pathological issues and suggested approaches. Histopathology 2015; 67:279-93. [PMID: 25585651 DOI: 10.1111/his.12649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is used increasingly in the treatment of invasive breast cancer and presents challenges for the pathologist in the handling and interpretation of tissues. Potential issues include pathological identification and localization of the residual tumour site; how best to assess pathological response (given the diversity of scoring systems described); the timing and assessment of axillary node biopsy; and the value of retesting any residual tumour for dissonance between core biopsy and post-treatment residual cancer cells for biomarker expression such as oestrogen and progesterone receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). The role of the pathologist is critical in modern NACT approaches to breast cancer and is likely to remain challenging as novel agents and newer biomarkers become available. In this manuscript we review these issues and describe some practical approaches to handling and reporting these samples in the routine histopathology laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Pinder
- Research Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Emad A Rakha
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Colin A Purdie
- Department of Pathology, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | | | | | - Robert C Stein
- University College London Hospitals and Medical School, London, UK
| | - Alastair M Thompson
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Abeer M Shaaban
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Abstract
Locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) constitutes a heterogeneous entity that includes advanced-stage primary tumours, cancers with extensive nodal involvement and inflammatory breast carcinomas. Although the definition of LABC can be broadened to include some large operable breast tumours, we use this term to strictly refer to inoperable cancers that are included in the above-mentioned categories. The prognosis of such tumours is often unfavourable; despite aggressive treatment, many patients eventually develop distant metastases and die from the disease. Advances in systemic therapy, including radiation treatment, surgical techniques and the development of new targeted agents have significantly improved clinical outcomes for patients with this disease. Notwithstanding these advances, LABC remains an important clinical problem, particularly in developing countries and those without widely adapted breast cancer awareness programmes. The optimal management of LABC requires a multidisciplinary approach, a well-coordinated treatment schedule and close cooperation between medical, surgical and radiation oncologists. In this Review, we discuss the current state of the art and possible future treatment strategies for patients with LABC.
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20
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Value of 18F-FDG PET/CT for Early Prediction of Pathologic Response (by Residual Cancer Burden Criteria) of Locally Advanced Breast Cancer to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy. Clin Nucl Med 2014; 39:882-6. [DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000000531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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21
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Parikh J, Selmi M, Charles-Edwards G, Glendenning J, Ganeshan B, Verma H, Mansi J, Harries M, Tutt A, Goh V. Changes in primary breast cancer heterogeneity may augment midtreatment MR imaging assessment of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Radiology 2014; 272:100-12. [PMID: 24654970 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.14130569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate whether changes in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging heterogeneity may aid assessment for pathologic complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in primary breast cancer and to compare pCR with standard Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors response. MATERIALS AND METHODS Institutional review board approval, with waiver of informed consent, was obtained for this retrospective analysis of 36 consecutive female patients, with unilateral unifocal primary breast cancer larger than 2 cm in diameter who were receiving sequential anthracycline-taxane NACT between October 2008 and October 2012. T2- and T1-weighted dynamic contrast material-enhanced MR imaging was performed before, at midtreatment (after three cycles), and after NACT. Changes in tumor entropy (irregularity) and uniformity (gray-level distribution) were determined before and after MR image filtration (for different-sized features). Entropy and uniformity for pathologic complete responders and nonresponders were compared by using the Mann-Whitney U test and receiver operating characteristic analysis. RESULTS With NACT, there was an increase in uniformity and a decrease in entropy on T2-weighted and contrast-enhanced subtracted T1-weighted MR images for all filters (uniformity: 23.45% and 22.62%; entropy: -19.15% and -19.26%, respectively). There were eight complete pathologic responders. An area under the curve of 0.84 for T2-weighted MR imaging entropy and uniformity (P = .004 and .003) and 0.66 for size (P = .183) for pCR was found, giving a sensitivity and specificity of 87.5% and 82.1% for entropy and 87.5% and 78.6% for uniformity compared with 50% and 82.1%, respectively, for tumor size change for association with pCR. CONCLUSION Tumors become more homogeneous with treatment. An increase in T2-weighted MR imaging uniformity and a decrease in T2-weighted MR imaging entropy following NACT may provide an earlier indication of pCR than tumor size change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Parikh
- From the Departments of Radiology (J.P., H.V., V.G.), Clinical Oncology (J.G., A.T.), and Medical Oncology (J.M., M.H.), Guys and St Thomas' Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, England; Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College, London, England (M.S., G.C., V.G.); and Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London, London, England (B.G.)
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Viray H, Li K, Long TA, Vasalos P, Bridge JA, Jennings LJ, Halling KC, Hameed M, Rimm DL. A Prospective, Multi-Institutional Diagnostic Trial to Determine Pathologist Accuracy in Estimation of Percentage of Malignant Cells. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2013; 137:1545-9. [DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2012-0561-cp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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23
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Keam B, Im SA, Lim Y, Han SW, Moon HG, Oh DY, Cho N, Lee SH, Han W, Moon WK, Kim DW, Kim TY, Park IA, Noh DY. Clinical usefulness of AJCC response criteria for neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2013; 20:2242-9. [PMID: 23529780 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-012-2756-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recently, the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 7th edition proposed new response criteria for neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical usefulness of AJCC response criteria. METHODS A total of 398 consecutive stage II or III breast cancer patients who received NAC were enrolled in this study. AJCC response criteria were as follows: (1) complete response (CR)-absence of invasive carcinoma in the breast and node; (2) partial response (PR)-decrease in either or both T or N stage; (3) no response (NR)-no change or increase in either or both T or N stage. RESULTS Complete response, PR, and NR by AJCC criteria were 9.8, 59.3, and 30.7 %, respectively. Among the 398 patients, 337 patients were available for both paired pre- and post- breast MRI and chest CT. AJCC response criteria were significantly associated with RECIST criteria (P < 0.001). AJCC response was significantly associated with relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). The 5-year RFS rates were 89.6 % in CR, 74.1 % in PR, and 62.6 % in NR (P = 0.002). The 5-year OS rates were 97.4 % in CR, 88.6 % in PR, and 78.3 % in NR (P = 0.012). When adjusting potential prognostic factors, AJCC response was independently associated with RFS and OS. CONCLUSIONS AJCC response criteria for NAC in breast cancer have clinical usefulness in evaluating response of NAC, as well as predicting survival. AJCC response criteria can discriminate among patient subgroups with respect to survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhumsuk Keam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Hylton NM, Blume JD, Bernreuter WK, Pisano ED, Rosen MA, Morris EA, Weatherall PT, Lehman CD, Newstead GM, Polin S, Marques HS, Esserman LJ, Schnall MD. Locally advanced breast cancer: MR imaging for prediction of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy--results from ACRIN 6657/I-SPY TRIAL. Radiology 2012; 20:3823-30. [PMID: 23780381 PMCID: PMC3824937 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-013-3038-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Purpose This study was designed to determine (1) rates of clinically meaningful tumor reduction in breast tumor size following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), (2) which receptor subtypes and MRI phenotypes are associated with clinically meaningful tumor reduction, and (3) whether MRI phenotype impacts concordance between pathologic and MRI size. Methods We analyzed data from the I-SPY TRIAL, a multicenter, prospective NAC trial. Reduction in tumor size from >4 to ≤4 cm was considered clinically meaningful, as crossing this threshold was considered a reasonable cutoff for potential breast conservation therapy (BCT). MRI phenotypes were scored between one (well-defined) and five (diffuse) on pre-NAC MRIs. Results Of 174 patients with tumors >4 cm, 141 (81 %) had clinically meaningful tumor reduction. Response to therapy varied by MRI phenotype (p = 0.003), with well-defined phenotypes more likely than diffuse phenotypes to have clinically meaningful tumor shrinkage (91 vs. 72 %, p = 0.037). Her2+ and triple-negative (Tneg) tumors had the highest rate of clinically meaningful tumor reduction (p = 0.005). The concordance between tumor diameter on MRI and surgical pathology was highest for Her2+ and Tneg tumors, especially among tumors with solid imaging phenotypes (p = 0.004). Discussion NAC allows most patients with large breast tumors to have clinically meaningful tumor reduction, meaning response that would impact ability to undergo BCT. However, response varies by imaging and tumor subtypes. Concordance between tumor size on MRI and surgical pathology was higher in well-defined tumors, especially those with a Tneg subtype, and lower in HR+ diffuse tumors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1245/s10434-013-3038-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nola M Hylton
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, 1600 Divisadero St, C250, Box 1667, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA.
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Hylton NM, Blume JD, Bernreuter WK, Pisano ED, Rosen MA, Morris EA, Weatherall PT, Lehman CD, Newstead GM, Polin S, Marques HS, Esserman LJ, Schnall MD. Locally advanced breast cancer: MR imaging for prediction of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy--results from ACRIN 6657/I-SPY TRIAL. Radiology 2012; 263:663-72. [PMID: 22623692 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.12110748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings and clinical assessment for prediction of pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in patients with stage II or III breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS The HIPAA-compliant protocol and the informed consent process were approved by the American College of Radiology Institutional Review Board and local-site institutional review boards. Women with invasive breast cancer of 3 cm or greater undergoing NACT with an anthracycline-based regimen, with or without a taxane, were enrolled between May 2002 and March 2006. MR imaging was performed before NACT (first examination), after one cycle of anthracyline-based treatment (second examination), between the anthracycline-based regimen and taxane (third examination), and after all chemotherapy and prior to surgery (fourth examination). MR imaging assessment included measurements of tumor longest diameter and volume and peak signal enhancement ratio. Clinical size was also recorded at each time point. Change in clinical and MR imaging predictor variables were compared for the ability to predict pathologic complete response (pCR) and residual cancer burden (RCB). Univariate and multivariate random-effects logistic regression models were used to characterize the ability of tumor response measurements to predict pathologic outcome, with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) used as a summary statistic. RESULTS Data in 216 women (age range, 26-68 years) with two or more imaging time points were analyzed. For prediction of both pCR and RCB, MR imaging size measurements were superior to clinical examination at all time points, with tumor volume change showing the greatest relative benefit at the second MR imaging examination. AUC differences between MR imaging volume and clinical size predictors at the early, mid-, and posttreatment time points, respectively, were 0.14, 0.09, and 0.02 for prediction of pCR and 0.09, 0.07, and 0.05 for prediction of RCB. In multivariate analysis, the AUC for predicting pCR at the second imaging examination increased from 0.70 for volume alone to 0.73 when all four predictor variables were used. Additional predictive value was gained with adjustments for age and race. CONCLUSION MR imaging findings are a stronger predictor of pathologic response to NACT than clinical assessment, with the greatest advantage observed with the use of volumetric measurement of tumor response early in treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nola M Hylton
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, 1600 Divisadero St, C250, Box 1667, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA.
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Fumagalli D, Bedard PL, Nahleh Z, Michiels S, Sotiriou C, Loi S, Sparano JA, Ellis M, Hylton N, Zujewski JA, Hudis C, Esserman L, Piccart M. A common language in neoadjuvant breast cancer clinical trials: proposals for standard definitions and endpoints. Lancet Oncol 2012; 13:e240-8. [PMID: 22652232 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(11)70378-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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27
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Mersin H, Yildirim E, Berberoglu U, Gulben K. Triple negative phenotype and N-ratio are important for prognosis in patients with stage IIIB non-inflammatory breast carcinoma. J Surg Oncol 2010; 100:681-7. [PMID: 19798691 DOI: 10.1002/jso.21411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The aim is to evaluate novel prognostic factors such as triple negative (TN) phenotype and ratio between positive nodes and total dissected lymph nodes (N-ratio) in stage IIIB breast carcinoma patients. METHODS In this retrospective study, primary endpoints were local recurrence (LR), distant recurrence (DR), and overall survival (OS). Univariate and multivariate prognostic factor analyses were carried out using Cox and Kaplan-Meier methods in the data of 185 patients. RESULTS The median observation time was 36 (range 16-86) months. Pathological tumor size (continuous [cont.], P = 0.002; Hazard ratio [HR], 1.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-1.3) and N-ratio (cont., P < 0.0001; HR, 1.02; CI, 1.01-1.03) were strongly associated with LR. Tumor phenotype (triple vs. non-triple, P = 0.002; HR, 2.6; CI, 1.4-4.7), N-ratio (cont., P = 0.01; HR, 1.02; CI, 1.01-1.03) and pathological tumor size (cont., P = 0.003; HR, 1.2; CI, 1.1-1.3) for DR, and also tumor phenotype (triple vs. non-triple, P < 0.0001; HR, 3.7; CI, 1.8-7.5), N-ratio (cont., P = 0.03; HR, 1.02; CI, 1.01-1.03) and pathological tumor size (cont., P = 0.006; HR, 1.3; CI, 1.2-1.4) for OS were the most important prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS N-Ratio and TN phenotype were the most important prognostic factors for stage IIIB breast carcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Mersin
- Department of Surgery, Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
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