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Shi Y, Zhou D, Wang B, Zhou D, Shi B. Roles and mechanisms of action of HNF‑4α in the hepatic differentiation of WB‑F344 cells. Int J Mol Med 2018; 43:1021-1032. [PMID: 30535491 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.4010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 α (HNF‑4α) is a nuclear receptor and mediates hepatic genes. WB‑F344 liver epithelial cells can differentiate into hepatocytes. The present study aimed to examine the roles and mechanisms of action of HNF‑4α on the hepatic differentiation of WB‑F344 cells. WB‑F344 cells were divided into a normal cell group (WB‑F344), empty vector group (PLKO), and gene silencing group (PLKO‑SH). The expression levels of HNF‑4α were measured using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. Proliferation of the cells was determined using a Cell Counting kit‑8 assay. Based on western blot analysis, the protein levels of α‑fetoprotein (AFP), albumin (ALB) and cytokeratin 19 (CK19) were determined. The positive cell rates of the three groups were assessed using periodic acid‑Schiff (PAS) staining. Following construction of an RNA‑sequencing library, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the HNF‑4α‑silenced and normal samples were screened using the limma package and enrichment analysis was conducted using the DAVID tool. Protein‑protein interaction (PPI) and microRNA‑targeted regulatory networks were constructed in Cytoscape software. The PLKO‑SH group exhibited a lower mRNA level of HNF‑4α, higher protein level of AFP, lower protein levels of ALB and CK19, increased cell proliferation, and a lower PAS‑positive cell rate. The HNF‑4α‑silenced and normal samples differed in 499 DEGs. In the PPI network, matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), early growth response 1 (EGR1), SMAD family member 2 (SMAD2), and RAS‑related C3 botulinum substrate 2 (RAC2) were key nodes. HNF‑4α may promote the differentiation of WB‑F344 cells into hepatocytes by targeting MMP9, EGR1, SMAD2 and RAC2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Shi
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Dehua Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University Medical School, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China, P.R. China
| | - Bingyi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University Medical School, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China, P.R. China
| | - Deren Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University Medical School, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China, P.R. China
| | - Baomin Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University Medical School, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China, P.R. China
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Li D, Li W, Chen Y, Liu L, Ma D, Wang H, Zhang L, Zhao S, Peng Q. Anti-fibrotic role and mechanism of Periplaneta americana extracts in CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:491-498. [PMID: 29538616 PMCID: PMC5946930 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmy024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is resulted from sustained wound-healing responses to various harmful stimuli, including viral infection, drug toxicity, alcohol, and autoimmune hepatopathy, and it has recently attracted the attention of an increasing number of researchers and clinical workers. The aims of this study were to examine the anti-fibrotic effects of extracts of Periplaneta americana (EPA) on CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats, to preliminary determine the anti-fibrotic efficacy of EPA, and to identify a potential and effective therapeutic agent to attenuate hepatic fibrosis. In this study, we routinely detected liver functional indices, such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and albumin (Alb). We also measured hepatic fibrosis-related serum markers, including hyaluronic acid (HA), laminin (LN), type III procollagen (PC III), and type IV collagen (IV-C) via radioimmunoassay. Moreover, we examined histological activity and fibrosis stage via light microscopy after hematoxylin and eosin and Masson staining. Furthermore, we detected the expressions of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease-1 (TIMP-1) in rat liver tissues by immunohistochemical staining. We found that EPA, whose main components are viscous sugar amino acids, can reduce the levels hepatic fibrosis-related factors, including HA, LN, PC III, and IV-C, improve liver function, attenuate, or reverse pathological damage associated with hepatic fibrosis, and thus inhibit the progression of hepatic fibrosis. The mechanism of EPA action may be related to the inhibition of TGF-β1, NF-κB, and α-SMA expressions and the reduction of TIMP-1 levels in the liver to reduce the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, thereby blocking the relevant signaling pathways and preventing inflammatory responses to attenuate or reverse hepatic fibrosis. EPA may thus be used as a potentially effective therapeutic agent for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingchun Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Wu Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Yihui Chen
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Lihui Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Dehong Ma
- Department of Infectious Disease, Xishuangbanna Dai National Minority Autonomous Prefecture People’s Hospital, Xishuangbanna Dai National Minority Autonomous Region, Jinghong 666100, China
| | - Hongtu Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Shenjun Zhao
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Qin Peng
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650000, China
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Sherif RN, Abdellatif H, Hazem N, Ebrahim NA, Saleh D, Shiha G, Eltahry H, Botros KG, Gabr OM. Effect of human umbilical cord blood derived CD34 + hematopoietic stem cell on the expression of Wnt4 and P53 genes in a rat model of hepatocellular carcinoma. Tissue Cell 2018; 50:125-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Environmental Ligands of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and Their Effects in Models of Adult Liver Progenitor Cells. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:4326194. [PMID: 27274734 PMCID: PMC4870370 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4326194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The toxicity of environmental and dietary ligands of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in mature liver parenchymal cells is well appreciated, while considerably less attention has been paid to their impact on cell populations exhibiting phenotypic features of liver progenitor cells. Here, we discuss the results suggesting that the consequences of the AhR activation in the cellular models derived from bipotent liver progenitors could markedly differ from those in hepatocytes. In contact-inhibited liver progenitor cells, the AhR agonists induce a range of effects potentially linked with tumor promotion. They can stimulate cell cycle progression/proliferation and deregulate cell-to-cell communication, which is associated with downregulation of proteins forming gap junctions, adherens junctions, and desmosomes (such as connexin 43, E-cadherin, β-catenin, and plakoglobin), as well as with reduced cell adhesion and inhibition of intercellular communication. At the same time, toxic AhR ligands may affect the activity of the signaling pathways contributing to regulation of liver progenitor cell activation and/or differentiation, such as downregulation of Wnt/β-catenin and TGF-β signaling, or upregulation of transcriptional targets of YAP/TAZ, the effectors of Hippo signaling pathway. These data illustrate the need to better understand the potential role of liver progenitors in the AhR-mediated liver carcinogenesis and tumor promotion.
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ZE XINGYU, JIA JIDONG, LI XINMIN, YOU HONG, ZHAO XINYAN, ZHANG DONG, WANG BAOEN. Tanshinone IIA promotes the proliferation of WB-F344 hepatic oval cells via Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:1501-8. [PMID: 26709094 PMCID: PMC4732833 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tanshinone IIA (TSA) is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine, which has been demonstrated to protect damaged liver cells and is currently administered in the treatment of liver fibrosis. Liver precursor cells, also termed oval cells, are key in the repair of liver tissues following injury. However, whether TSA improves the function of liver cells and protects the liver from injury by enhancing the growth and proliferation of hepatic oval cells remains to be elucidated. In the present study, low to moderate concentrations of TSA were observed to stimulate proliferation, did not induce apoptosis in WB-F344 rat hepatic oval cells and the increased expression levels of β-catenin. WB-F344 cells were treated with various concentrations of TSA (0-80 µg/ml) for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. Cell proliferation was measured using a Cell Counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, a 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine assay and a carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) assay. The CCK-8 assay demonstrated that treatment of WB-F344 cells with 20-40 µg/ml TSA for up to 72 h significantly increased proliferation. Similar results were observed in the subsequent EdU and CFSE assays. Furthermore, a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay demonstrated that 20-40 µg/ml TSA treatment for up to 96 h did not induce apoptosis of the WB-F344 cells. Notably, the results of western blot, immunofluorescence and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses demonstrated that treatment of the WB-F344 cells with 20-40 µg/ml TSA for up to 72 h significantly increased the expression levels of β-catenin. These data indicated that TSA at concentrations between 20 and 40 µg/ml may induce WB-F344 cell proliferation by activating the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. The results of the present study suggest that TSA may be a useful natural agent to enhance repair and regeneration of the injured liver, and improve liver regeneration following orthotopic liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- XINGYU ZE
- Liver Disease Research Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - JIDONG JIA
- Liver Disease Research Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - XINMIN LI
- Liver Disease Research Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - HONG YOU
- Liver Disease Research Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - XINYAN ZHAO
- Liver Disease Research Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - DONG ZHANG
- Liver Disease Research Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - BAOEN WANG
- Beijing Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Dr Baoen Wang, Beijing Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong-An Road, Xi-Cheng, Beijing 100050, P.R. China, E-mail:
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Zhang P, Zhu X, Wu Y, Hu R, Li D, Du J, Jiao X, He X. Histone deacetylase inhibitors reduce WB-F344 oval cell viability and migration capability by suppressing AKT/mTOR signaling in vitro. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 590:1-9. [PMID: 26558695 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) can blockDNA replication and transcription and altered HDAC expression was associated with tumorigenesis. This study investigated the effects of HDAC inhibitors on hepatic oval cells and aimed to delineate the underlying molecular events. Hepatic oval cells were treated with two different HDAC inhibitors, suberoylanilidehydroxamic acid (SAHA) and trichostatin-A (TSA). Cells were subjected to cell morphology, cell viability, cell cycle, and wound healing assays. The expression of proteins related to both apoptosis and the cell cycle, and proteins of the AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway were analyzed by Western blot. The data showed that HDAC inhibitors reduced oval cell viability and migration capability, and arrested oval cells at the G0/G1 and S phases of the cell cycle, in a dose- and time-dependent manner. HDAC inhibitors altered cell morphology and reduced oval cell viability, and downregulated the expression of PCNA, cyclinD1, c-Myc and Bmi1 proteins, while also suppressing AKT/mTOR and its downstream target activity. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that HDAC inhibitors affect oval cells by suppressing AKT/mTOR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ronglin Hu
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongming Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Du
- Department of Microbial and Biochemical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingyuan Jiao
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiaoshun He
- Organ Transplant Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Ji XK, Xie YK, Zhong JQ, Xu QG, Zeng QQ, Wang Y, Zhang QY, Shan YF. GSK-3β suppresses the proliferation of rat hepatic oval cells through modulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2015; 36:334-42. [PMID: 25661318 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2014.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) plays a crucial role in hepatic biology, including liver development, regeneration, proliferation and carcinogenesis. In this study we investigated the role of GSK-3β in regulation of growth of hepatic oval cells in vitro and in liver regeneration in partially hepatectomized rats. METHODS WB-F344 cells, the rat hepatic stem-like epithelial cells, were used as representative of oval cells. Cell viability was examined using a WST-8 assay. The cells were transfected with a recombinant lentivirus expressing siRNA against GSK-3β (GSK-3βRNAiLV) or a lentivirus that overexpressed GSK-3β (GC-GSK-3βLV). Adult rats underwent partial (70%) hepatectomy, and liver weight and femur length were measured at d 7 after the surgery. The expression of GSK-3β, phospho-Ser9-GSK-3β, β-catenin and cyclin D1 was examined with immunoblotting assays or immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Treatment of WB-F344 cells with the GSK-3β inhibitor SB216763 (5 and 10 μmol/L) dose-dependently increased the levels of phospho-Ser9-GSK-3β, but not the levels of total GSK-3β, and promoted the cell proliferation. Knockout of GSK-3β with GSK-3βRNAiLV increased the cell proliferation, whereas overexpression of GSK-3β with GC-GSK-3βLV decreased the proliferation. Both SB216763 and GSK-3βRNAiLV significantly increased the levels of β-catenin and cyclin D1 in the cells, whereas GSK-3β overexpression decreased their levels. In rats with a partial hepatectomy, administration of SB216763 (2 mg/kg, ip) significantly increased the number of oval cells, the levels of phospho-Ser9-GSK-3β, β-catenin and cyclin D1 in liver, as well as the ratio of liver weight to femur length at d 7 after the surgery. CONCLUSION GSK-3β suppresses the proliferation of hepatic oval cells by modulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Qiao F, Yao F, Chen L, Lu C, Ni Y, Fang W, Jin H. Krüppel-like factor 9 was down-regulated in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and negatively regulated beta-catenin/TCF signaling. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:280-91. [PMID: 25641762 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Qiao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery; Changhai Hospital; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - Feng Yao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery; Shanghai Chest Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery; Changhai Hospital; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - Chengjun Lu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery; Changhai Hospital; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - Yiqian Ni
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery; Changhai Hospital; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
| | - Wentao Fang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery; Shanghai Chest Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai China
| | - Hai Jin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery; Changhai Hospital; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai China
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Ding ZY, Liang HF, Jin GN, Chen WX, Wang W, Datta PK, Zhang MZ, Zhang B, Chen XP. Smad6 suppresses the growth and self-renewal of hepatic progenitor cells. J Cell Physiol 2014; 229:651-60. [PMID: 24446200 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Activation of hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) is commonly observed in chronic liver disease and Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays a crucial role in the expansion of HPCs. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the liver, especially in HPCs, remain largely elusive. Here, we reported that ectopic expression of Smad6 suppressed the proliferation and self-renewal of WB-F344 cells, a HPC cell line. Mechanistically, we found that Smad6 inhibited Wnt/β-catenin signaling through promoting the interaction of C-terminal binding protein (CtBP) with β-catenin/T-cell factor (TCF) complex to inhibit β-catenin mediated transcriptional activation in WB-F344 cells. We used siRNA targeting β-catenin to demonstrate that Wnt/β-catenin signaling was required for the proliferation and self-renewal of HPCs. Taken together, these results suggest that Smad6 is a regulatory molecule which regulates the proliferation, self-renewal and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in HPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Yang Ding
- Hepatic Surgery Centre, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Zhang WJ, Guo Y. Mechanisms of liver repair following injury. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2013; 21:3369-3375. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v21.i31.3369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver injury caused by a variety of physical or chemical factors is a common disease, and severe or persistent liver injury can ultimately lead to acute liver failure. Its treatment is still a formidable challenge to clinicians. Elucidation of mechanisms underlying liver repair following injury is the cornerstone of treatment of hepatic diseases. Despite many research efforts over the past decades, the mechanisms behind liver repair following injury are still not clear. Recent studies have demonstrated that oval cells and bone marrow stem cells are involved in this complex process. A variety of cells and factors may play a role in different stages of this process. In this paper, we will review mechanisms of liver repair following injury.
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Li H, Mo J, Jia G, Liu C, Luan Z, Guan Y. Activation of Wnt signaling inhibits the pro-apoptotic role of Notch in gastric cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2013; 7:1751-6. [PMID: 23563575 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Notch and Wnt signaling play critical roles in the regulation of development and diseases. Several studies have previously reported that Notch may be a therapeutic target in the treatment of various types of human cancer. In this study, we report that activation of Notch1 inhibits the proliferation of BGC-823 gastric cancer cells. However, the activation of the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway promotes the growth of BGC-823 cells. Furthermore, the combinational activation of the two signaling pathways promotes the proliferation of BGC-823 cells. These data suggest that the activation of Wnt signaling overcomes the pro-apoptotic role of Notch in BGC-823 gastric cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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Faust D, Vondráček J, Krčmář P, Šmerdová L, Procházková J, Hrubá E, Hulinková P, Kaina B, Dietrich C, Machala M. AhR-mediated changes in global gene expression in rat liver progenitor cells. Arch Toxicol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-012-0979-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Procházková J, Kabátková M, Bryja V, Umannová L, Bernatík O, Kozubík A, Machala M, Vondráček J. The Interplay of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and β-Catenin Alters Both AhR-Dependent Transcription and Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in Liver Progenitors. Toxicol Sci 2011; 122:349-60. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfr129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Nejak-Bowen KN, Monga SPS. Beta-catenin signaling, liver regeneration and hepatocellular cancer: sorting the good from the bad. Semin Cancer Biol 2010; 21:44-58. [PMID: 21182948 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2010.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Revised: 12/09/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Among the adult organs, liver is unique for its ability to regenerate. A concerted signaling cascade enables optimum initiation of the regeneration process following insults brought about by surgery or a toxicant. Additionally, there exists a cellular redundancy, whereby a transiently amplifying progenitor population appears and expands to ensure regeneration, when differentiated cells of the liver are unable to proliferate in both experimental and clinical scenarios. One such pathway of relevance in these phenomena is Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which is activated relatively early during regeneration mostly through post-translational modifications. Once activated, β-catenin signaling drives the expression of target genes that are critical for cell cycle progression and contribute to initiation of the regeneration process. The role and regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling is now documented in rats, mice, zebrafish and patients. More recently, a regenerative advantage of the livers in β-catenin overexpressing mice was reported, as was also the case after exogenous Wnt-1 delivery to the liver paving the way for assessing means to stimulate the pathway for therapeutics in liver failure. β-Catenin is also pertinent in hepatic oval cell activation and differentiation. However, aberrant activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling is reported in a significant subset of hepatocellular cancers (HCC). While many mechanisms of such activation have been reported, the most functional means of aberrant and sustained activation is through mutations in the β-catenin gene or in AXIN1/2, which encodes for a scaffolding protein critical for β-catenin degradation. Intriguingly, in experimental models hepatic overexpression of normal or mutant β-catenin is insufficient for tumorigenesis. In fact β-catenin loss promoted chemical carcinogenesis in the liver due to alternate mechanisms. Since most HCC occur in the backdrop of chronic hepatic injury, where hepatic regeneration is necessary for maintenance of liver function, but at the same time serves as the basis of dysplastic changes, this Promethean attribute exhibits a Jekyll and Hyde behavior that makes distinguishing good regeneration from bad regeneration essential for targeting selective molecular pathways as personalized medicine becomes a norm in clinical practice. Could β-catenin signaling be one such pathway that may be redundant in regeneration and indispensible in HCC in a subset of cases?
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Abstract
Liver progenitor cells are activated in most human liver diseases. The dynamics, and therefore subpopulations, of progenitor cells are, however, different in acute versus chronic hepatocytic diseases and in biliary diseases. The role of Wnt and Notch signaling pathways in activation and differentiation of human hepatic progenitor cells holds great promise because they can be manipulated by drugs. Hepatocytic differentiation requires inhibition of Notch (numb switched on), whereas cholangiocytic differentiation requires Notch activation. In this way, the patients' own regenerative response could be supported, which could eventually even avoid the need for transplantation in several patients.
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2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-Hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB 153) induces degradation of adherens junction proteins and inhibits β-catenin-dependent transcription in liver epithelial cells. Toxicology 2009; 260:104-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2009.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2009] [Revised: 03/17/2009] [Accepted: 03/18/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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