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Zhao J, Wang Z, Tian Y, Ning J, Ye H. T cell exhaustion and senescence for ovarian cancer immunotherapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2024; 104-105:1-15. [PMID: 39032717 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2024.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a common gynecological malignancy, and its treatment remains challenging. Although ovarian cancer may respond to immunotherapy because of endogenous immunity at the molecular or T cell level, immunotherapy has so far not had the desired effect. The functional status of preexisting T cells is an indispensable determinant of powerful antitumor immunity and immunotherapy. T cell exhaustion and senescence are two crucial states of T cell dysfunction, which share some overlapping phenotypic and functional features, but each status possesses unique molecular and developmental signatures. It has been widely accepted that exhaustion and senescence of T cells are important strategies for cancer cells to evade immunosurveillance and maintain the immunosuppressive microenvironment. Herein, this review summarizes the phenotypic and functional features of exhaust and senescent T cells, and describes the key drivers of the two T cell dysfunctional states in the tumor microenvironment and their functional roles in ovarian cancer. Furthermore, we present a summary of the molecular machinery and signaling pathways governing T cell exhaustion and senescence. Possible strategies that can prevent and/or reverse T cell dysfunction are also explored. An in-depth understanding of exhausted and senescent T cells will provide novel strategies to enhance immunotherapy of ovarian cancer through redirecting tumor-specific T cells away from a dysfunctional developmental trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Zhao
- Department of Gynecology Surgery 3, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, China
| | - Zhongmiao Wang
- Department of Digestive Diseases 1, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, China
| | - Yingying Tian
- Department of Oncology Radiotherapy 2, Qingdao Central Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, China
| | - Jing Ning
- Department of General Internal Medicine (VIP Ward), Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, China.
| | - Huinan Ye
- Department of Digestive Diseases 1, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, China.
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Abstract
Dysfunction in T cells limits the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. We profiled the epigenome, transcriptome, and enhancer connectome of exhaustion-prone GD2-targeting HA-28z chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells and control CD19-targeting CAR T cells, which present less exhaustion-inducing tonic signaling, at multiple points during their ex vivo expansion. We found widespread, dynamic changes in chromatin accessibility and three-dimensional (3D) chromosome conformation preceding changes in gene expression, notably at loci proximal to exhaustion-associated genes such as PDCD1, CTLA4, and HAVCR2, and increased DNA motif access for AP-1 family transcription factors, which are known to promote exhaustion. Although T cell exhaustion has been studied in detail in mice, we find that the regulatory networks of T cell exhaustion differ between species and involve distinct loci of accessible chromatin and cis-regulated target genes in human CAR T cell exhaustion. Deletion of exhaustion-specific candidate enhancers of PDCD1 suppress the expression of PD-1 in an in vitro model of T cell dysfunction and in HA-28z CAR T cells, suggesting enhancer editing as a path forward in improving cancer immunotherapy.
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Li Z, Li B, Li L, Wang G, Li Y, Fu R, Ming Y, Ni R, Wang J, Ye G, Chen J. The Immunostimulative Effect and Mechanisms of a Novel Mouse Anti-Human PD-1 Monoclonal Antibody on Jurkat Lymphocytic Cells Cocultured with Hepatoma Cells. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:12225-12241. [PMID: 33273828 PMCID: PMC7708315 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s281397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that target the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) immune checkpoint have demonstrated substantial clinical benefit for a variety of solid tumors. However, their applications in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are reported with unclear molecular mechanisms. Here, we report a novel mouse anti-human PD-1 mAb that can reverse the immunosuppressive effect of HePG2 cells on Jurkat cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS HepG2 liver cancer cells, which were induced to overexpress PD-L1 by IFN-γ, were co-cultured with PHA-activated Jurkat lymphocytic cells to investigate the immunostimulative effect and mechanisms of the 14 newly generated PD-1 mAbs. Multiple cellular and molecular biology experiments were performed in this study, such as CCK-8, ELISA, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and Western blot. RESULTS We found that mAb B1C4 significantly enhanced the tumor-killing cytokine secretion level by Jurkat cells in the co-culture system and increased the killing ability of Jurkat cells on HepG2 cells. Co-culture with HePG2 cells led to Jurkat cell cycle delay in S phase, and B1C4 promoted cell cycle progression from S to G2/M. Co-culture with HePG2 cells also caused apoptosis in Jurkat cells, which was inhibited by B1C4. B1C4 reversed the immunosuppression of Jurkat cells resulted from co-cultured with HePG2 cells through inhibiting PTEN and activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that anti-PD-1 mAb B1C4 could inhibit the apoptosis of Jurkat cells induced by HePG2 hepatoma cells and reverse the immunosuppressive effect of HePG2 cells on Jurkat cells. The study provides a vital basis for applying PD-1 monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of HCC and provides antibody selection for the development of novel PD-1 mAb with blocking activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing400042, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing400042, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing400042, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guanying Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing400042, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing400042, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruoqiu Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing400042, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Ming
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing400042, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Ni
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing400042, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiming Wang
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD21702, USA
| | - George Ye
- Yes Biotech Laboratories Ltd, Mississauga, ONL5S 1V6, Canada
| | - Jianhong Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing400042, People’s Republic of China
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Zhao Y, Shao Q, Peng G. Exhaustion and senescence: two crucial dysfunctional states of T cells in the tumor microenvironment. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 17:27-35. [PMID: 31853000 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0344-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The failure of a massive influx of tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes to eradicate tumor cells in the tumor microenvironment is mainly due to the dysfunction of T cells hyporesponsive to tumors. T-cell exhaustion and senescence induced by malignant tumors are two important dysfunctional states that coexist in cancer patients, hindering effective antitumor immunity and immunotherapy and sustaining the suppressive tumor microenvironment. Although exhausted and senescent T cells share a similar dysfunctional role in antitumor immunity, they are distinctly different in terms of generation, development, and metabolic and molecular regulation during tumor progression. Here, we discuss the unique phenotypic and functional characteristics of these two types of dysfunctional T cells and their roles in tumor development and progression. In addition, we further discuss the potential molecular and metabolic signaling pathways responsible for the control of T-cell exhaustion and senescence in the suppressive tumor microenvironment. Understanding these critical and fundamental features should facilitate rethinking the unresponsiveness to current immunotherapies in clinical patients and lead to further development of novel and effective strategies that target different types of dysfunctional T cells to enhance cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangjing Zhao
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy & Immunology and Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA.,Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China
| | - Qixiang Shao
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, P. R. China
| | - Guangyong Peng
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy & Immunology and Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA. .,Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA.
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Abdel‐Mohsen MA, Toson EA, Helal MA. Oncostatic treatment effect of triple negative breast cancer cell line with copper (I)‐nicotinate complex. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:4278-4290. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Abdel‐Mohsen
- Department of Applied Medical Chemistry Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt
| | - Elshahat A. Toson
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science, Damietta University Damietta Egypt
| | - Marihan A. Helal
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science, Damietta University Damietta Egypt
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Jiang Y, Li Y, Zhu B. T-cell exhaustion in the tumor microenvironment. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1792. [PMID: 26086965 PMCID: PMC4669840 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 671] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
T-cell exhaustion was originally identified during chronic infection in mice, and was subsequently observed in humans with cancer. The exhausted T cells in the tumor microenvironment show overexpressed inhibitory receptors, decreased effector cytokine production and cytolytic activity, leading to the failure of cancer elimination. Restoring exhausted T cells represents an inspiring strategy for cancer treatment, which has yielded promising results and become a significant breakthrough in the cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we overview the updated understanding on the exhausted T cells in cancer and their potential regulatory mechanisms and discuss current therapeutic interventions targeting exhausted T cells in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Jiang
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Y Li
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - B Zhu
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Yamane H, Isozaki H, Takeyama M, Ochi N, Kudo K, Honda Y, Yamagishi T, Kubo T, Kiura K, Takigawa N. Programmed cell death protein 1 and programmed death-ligand 1 are expressed on the surface of some small-cell lung cancer lines. Am J Cancer Res 2015; 5:1553-1557. [PMID: 26101718 PMCID: PMC4473331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) play a major role in suppressing the immune system during the formation of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, which transmits an inhibitory signal to reduce T cell activity. PD-L1 is often expressed in various malignant tumors. In contrast, PD-1 is generally observed in activated lymphocytes and myeloid-derived dendritic cells. Of the malignant cells, only Jurkat cells under special conditions and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma tissue cells express PD-1 on their surface. METHODS To clarify whether the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway participates in the immunotolerance of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells, we examined the expressions of PD-1 and PD-L1 on the cell surface of SCLC cell lines using flow cytometry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Among the four SCLC cell lines examined, only SBC-3 expressed both PD-1 and PD-L1. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that both PD-1 and PD-L1 molecules were co-expressed on the surface of SCLC cells. Although the biological implications of this remain unclear, we speculate that PD-1 and its ligand on the SCLC cells may participate in the growth inhibition of tumor cells as reported in cytotoxic T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromichi Yamane
- Department of General Internal Medicine 4, Kawasaki Medical School2-1-80 Nakasange, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8505, Japan
| | - Hideko Isozaki
- Department of General Internal Medicine 4, Kawasaki Medical School2-1-80 Nakasange, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8505, Japan
- Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine (Thoracic Oncology), Okayama University Hospital2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Masami Takeyama
- Department of General Internal Medicine 4, Kawasaki Medical School2-1-80 Nakasange, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8505, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Ochi
- Department of General Internal Medicine 4, Kawasaki Medical School2-1-80 Nakasange, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8505, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Kudo
- Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine (Thoracic Oncology), Okayama University Hospital2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Honda
- Department of General Internal Medicine 4, Kawasaki Medical School2-1-80 Nakasange, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8505, Japan
| | - Tomoko Yamagishi
- Department of General Internal Medicine 4, Kawasaki Medical School2-1-80 Nakasange, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8505, Japan
| | - Toshio Kubo
- Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine (Thoracic Oncology), Okayama University Hospital2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Kiura
- Department of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine (Thoracic Oncology), Okayama University Hospital2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Nagio Takigawa
- Department of General Internal Medicine 4, Kawasaki Medical School2-1-80 Nakasange, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8505, Japan
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Zeng Z, Shi F, Zhou L, Zhang MN, Chen Y, Chang XJ, Lu YY, Bai WL, Qu JH, Wang CP, Wang H, Lou M, Wang FS, Lv JY, Yang YP. Upregulation of circulating PD-L1/PD-1 is associated with poor post-cryoablation prognosis in patients with HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23621. [PMID: 21912640 PMCID: PMC3164659 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The programmed cell death-1 receptor/programmed cell death-1 ligand (PD-1/PD-L1) pathway plays a crucial role in tumor evasion from host immunity. This study was designed to evaluate the association between circulating PD-L1/PD-1 and prognosis after cryoablation in patients with HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methodology/Principal Findings In the present study, 141 HBV-related HCC patients were enrolled and of those 109 patients received cryoablation. Circulating PD-L1/PD-1 expression was tested by flow cytometry, and 23 patients were simultaneously evaluated for intratumoral PD-L1 expression by immunohistochemical staining. Circulating PD-1/PD-L1 expression was associated with severity of diseases in patients with HCC, and the circulating PD-L1 expression was closely correlated with intratumoral PD-L1 expression. Of the clinical parameters, PD-1/PD-L1 expression was associated with tumor size, blood vessel invasion and BCLC staging. Moreover, PD-1/PD-L1 expression dropped after cryoablation while being elevated at the time of tumor recurrence. Patients with higher expression of circulating PD-L1, as well as circulating PD-1, had a significantly shorter overall survival and tumor-free survival than those with lower expression. Multivariate analysis confirmed that circulating PD-L1 could serve as an independent predictor of overall survival and tumor-recurrence survival in HCC patients after cryoablation. Conclusions/Significance Upregulation of circulating PD-L1/PD-1 is associated with poor post-cryoablation prognosis in patients with HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zeng
- Center of Therapeutic Research for Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Research Center for Biological Therapy, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Center of Therapeutic Research for Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Min-Na Zhang
- Center of Therapeutic Research for Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Center of Therapeutic Research for Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu-Juan Chang
- Center of Therapeutic Research for Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yin-Ying Lu
- Center of Therapeutic Research for Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Lin Bai
- Center of Therapeutic Research for Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Hui Qu
- Center of Therapeutic Research for Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Ping Wang
- Center of Therapeutic Research for Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Center of Therapeutic Research for Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Min Lou
- Center of Therapeutic Research for Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Sheng Wang
- Research Center for Biological Therapy, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Yun Lv
- Center of Therapeutic Research for Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
- Research Center for Biological Therapy, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Ping Yang
- Center of Therapeutic Research for Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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