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Larauche M, Erchegyi J, Miller C, Sim MS, Rivier J, Behan D, Taché Y. Peripheral CRF-R1/CRF-R2 antagonist, astressin C, induces a long-lasting blockade of acute stress-related visceral pain in male and female rats. Peptides 2022; 157:170881. [PMID: 36185037 PMCID: PMC10389693 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Peptide CRF antagonists injected peripherally alleviate stress-induced visceral hypersensitivity (SIVH) to colorectal distension (CRD) in rodents. Here we further evaluated the dose and time-dependent inhibitory activity of several long-acting peptide CRF receptor antagonists related to astressin on SIVH, focusing on astressin C (AstC), which previously showed high efficacy on stress-related alterations of HPA axis and gut secretomotor functions. Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats pretreated subcutaneously (SC) with AstC were injected intraperitoneally (IP) with CRF 15 min later. The visceromotor responses (VMR) to graded phasic CRD (10, 20, 40 and 60 mmHg) were monitored at basal, 15 min and up to 1-8 days after pretreatment. Two other astressin analogs, hexanoyl-astressin D (Hex-AstD) and [CαMeVal19,32]-AstC, were also tested. The response to IP CRF was sex-dependent with female rats requiring a higher dose to exhibit visceral hyperalgesia. Pretreatment with AstC (30-1000 µg/kg) resulted in a dose-related inhibition of IP CRF-induced SIVH and diarrhea in both sexes. The highest dose prevented SIVH and diarrhea up to 5-7 days after a single SC injection and was lost on day 7 (females) and day 8 (males) but reinstated after a second injection of AstC on day 8 or 9 respectively. [CαMeVal19,32]-AstC and Hex-AstD (1000 µg/kg in males) also prevented SIVH. These data show the potent long-lasting anti-hyperalgesic effect of AstC in an acute model of SIVH in both male and female rats. This highlights the potential of long-acting peripheral CRF antagonists to treat stress-sensitive irritable bowel syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Larauche
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, West Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | | | | | - Myung Shin Sim
- Department of Medicine, Statistic Core, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jean Rivier
- Sentia Medical Sciences, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Yvette Taché
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, West Los Angeles, CA, USA
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2
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Pagán-Busigó JE, López-Carrasquillo J, Appleyard CB, Torres-Reverón A. Beyond depression and anxiety; a systematic review about the role of corticotropin-releasing hormone antagonists in diseases of the pelvic and abdominal organs. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264909. [PMID: 35275963 PMCID: PMC8916623 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence for beneficial effects of corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) antagonists in abdominal and pelvic organs is emerging in preclinical studies. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement a compilation of preclinical studies using CRH receptor antagonists as a treatment for abdominal and pelvic disease was carried out. The Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE) essential 10 guidelines were used to determine quality of the included studies. A total of 40 studies from the last 15 years studying irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, endometriosis, enteritis, stress impact on gastrointestinal processes and exogenous CRH administration effects were included. Blockage of the CRH receptor 1 was mainly associated with beneficial effects while that of CRH receptor 2 worsened studied effects. However, time of administration, route of administration and the animal model used, all had an impact on the beneficial outcomes. Frequency of drugs administered indicated that astressin-2B, astressin and antalarmin were among the most utilized antagonists. Of concern, studies included were predominantly carried out in male models only, representing a gender discrepancy in preclinical studies compared to the clinical scenario. The ARRIVE score average was 13 with ~60% of the studies failing to randomize or blind the experimental units. Despite the failure to date of the CRH antagonists in moving across the clinical trials pipeline, there is evidence for their beneficial effects beyond mood disorders. Future pre-clinical studies should be tailored towards effectively predicting the clinical scenario, including reduction of bias and randomization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua E. Pagán-Busigó
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Jonathan López-Carrasquillo
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Caroline B. Appleyard
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, Puerto Rico, United States of America
- Sur180 Therapeutics, LLC, McAllen, Texas, United States of America
| | - Annelyn Torres-Reverón
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce, Puerto Rico, United States of America
- Sur180 Therapeutics, LLC, McAllen, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: ,
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Lv Y, Wen J, Fang Y, Zhang H, Zhang J. Corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 (CRF-R1) antagonists: Promising agents to prevent visceral hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome. Peptides 2022; 147:170705. [PMID: 34822913 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is a 41-amino acid polypeptide that coordinates the endocrine system, autonomic nervous system, immune system, and physiological behavior. CRF is a signaling regulator in the neuro-endocrine-immune (NEI) network that mediates visceral hypersensitivity. Rodent models to simulate changes in intestinal motility similar to those reported in the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), demonstrate that the CRF receptor 1 (CRF-R1) mediates intestinal hypersensitivity under many conditions. However, the translation of preclinical studies into clinical trials has not been successful possibly due to the lack of sufficient understanding of the multiple variants of CRF-R1 and CRF-R1 antagonists. Investigating the sites of action of central and peripheral CRF is critical for accelerating the translation from preclinical to clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxia Lv
- School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, China.
| | - Jing Wen
- School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, China.
| | - Yingying Fang
- School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, China.
| | - Haoyuan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, China.
| | - Jianwu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, China.
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Zhao SB, Wu JY, He ZX, Song YH, Chang X, Xia T, Fang X, Li ZS, Xu C, Wang SL, Bai Y. Corticotropin releasing hormone promotes inflammatory bowel disease via inducing intestinal macrophage autophagy. Cell Death Dis 2021; 7:377. [PMID: 34873177 PMCID: PMC8648763 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00767-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Psychosocial stress is a vital factor contributing to the pathogenesis and progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The contribution of intestinal macrophage autophagy to the onset and development of IBD has been widely studied. Herein, we investigated the underlying mechanism of psychosocial stress in an IBD mouse model pertaining to macrophage autophagy. Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) was peripherally administrated to induce psychosocial stress. For in vivo studies, dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) was used for the creation of our IBD mouse model. For in vitro studies, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was applied on murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) as a cellular IBD-related challenge. Chloroquine was applied to inhibit autophagy. We found that CRH aggravated the severity of DSS-induced IBD, increasing overall and local inflammatory reactions and infiltration. The levels of autophagy in intestinal macrophages and murine BMDMs were increased under these IBD-related inflammatory challenges and CRH further enhanced these effects. Subsequent administration of chloroquine markedly attenuated the detrimental effects of CRH on IBD severity and inflammatory reactions via inhibition of autophagy. These findings illustrate the effects of peripheral administration of CRH on DSS-induced IBD via the enhancement of intestinal macrophage autophagy, thus providing a novel understanding as well as therapeutic target for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Bing Zhao
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Yi Wu
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Xuan He
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Hang Song
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Chang
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China ,grid.417279.eDepartment of Gastroenterology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Tian Xia
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Fang
- grid.73113.370000 0004 0369 1660Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao-Shen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Can Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shu-Ling Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yu Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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Huang CS, Sun YH, Wang YT, Pan YH, Huang YC, Hsu CM, Tsai YF. Repeated transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation of nonspecific acupoints of the upper body attenuates stress-induced visceral hypersensitivity in rats. Auton Neurosci 2019; 220:102556. [PMID: 31331689 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2019.102556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common stress-related gastrointestinal disorder and visceral hypersensitivity (VH) is characteristically found in IBS patients. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) applied to certain acupoints has been shown to benefit IBS patients. Here, we investigated whether nonspecific acupoint is involved in the efficacy of TENS treatment for IBS. Twenty-five male rats were randomly assigned to four experimental groups and one sham-control group. The four experimental groups were defined as TENS-RR, TENS-RL, TENS-LR, and TENS-LL based on the location of the two TENS patches [right (R) or left (L)]. The former and latter letter pairs indicate that the patch locations were the upper chest and upper back, respectively. The heterotypic intermittent stress (HIS) protocol was performed for 16 days. VH was assessed by electromyography to evaluate response to rectal distention (RD). Modulated medium-frequency TENS, sweep range 1-10 Hz, amplitude slightly above the supra motor threshold, was applied 30 min per day followed by RD every second day for the final 7 days of the 16-day HIS period. VH was induced after the rats had been subjected to HIS for 10 days. A significant reduction of VH was observed only in the TENS-LL group compared with that in the sham-control group. These data suggest that repeated TENS treatment can alleviate stress-induced VH in rats. Further, whether TENS patches are attached to the left or right side of the body, which are nonspecific acupoints for gastrointestinal functions, may be an important factor in the treatment of stress-associated gastrointestinal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Shin Huang
- Department of Research, Raphael Humanistic Clinic, 11 F, No. 49 Guan-Chien Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ya-Hui Sun
- Department of Research, Raphael Humanistic Clinic, 11 F, No. 49 Guan-Chien Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Ting Wang
- Department of Research, Raphael Humanistic Clinic, 11 F, No. 49 Guan-Chien Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Hung Pan
- Department of Research, Raphael Humanistic Clinic, 11 F, No. 49 Guan-Chien Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ying-Chia Huang
- Department of Research, Raphael Humanistic Clinic, 11 F, No. 49 Guan-Chien Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chung-Ming Hsu
- Department of Research, Raphael Humanistic Clinic, 11 F, No. 49 Guan-Chien Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yuan-Feen Tsai
- Department of Research, Raphael Humanistic Clinic, 11 F, No. 49 Guan-Chien Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1 Jen-Ai Road, Section 1, Taipei 100, Taiwan, ROC.
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6
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Liang M, Shao A, Tang X, Feng M, Wang J, Qiu Y. MiR-34a affects dexmedetomidine-inhibited chronic inflammatory visceral pain by targeting to HDAC2. BMC Anesthesiol 2019; 19:131. [PMID: 31324142 PMCID: PMC6642536 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-019-0801-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dexmedetomidine (DEX) has been used as an anesthetic for decades. The present investigation aimed to elucidate the analgesic impact of DEX on 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced chronic inflammatory visceral pain (CIVP) in rats. Methods TNBS with or without DEX to Male Sprague-Dawley SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal, CIVP, DEX, and vehicle. Pain behaviors were assessed and the abdominal withdrawal reflex, mechanical withdrawal threshold, and thermal withdrawal latency were recorded. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction data showed increased expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α) in the spinal cord tissues of rats. Results RNA microarray and quantitative polymerase chain reaction results indicated that miR-34a was downregulated by TNBS induction, but it was upregulated by DEX administration. Further studies showed that transfection of adenovirus-miR-34a inhibitor reversed the effect of DEX on the pain behaviors and spinal-cord pro-inflammatory-cytokine generation in CIVP rats. Additionally, we found that miR-34a targeted the 3′-UTR of the HDAC2 gene, as evinced by the increased HDAC2 expression in the CIVP and DEX + miR-34a inhibitor groups, and decreased HDAC2 signaling in the DEX group. Moreover, knock-down of HDAC2 restored DEX-attenuated pain behaviors and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Conclusions DEX thus exhibited an analgesic effect on CIVP rats through the miR-34a-mediated HDAC2 pathway and suppressed visceral hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weihai Central Hospital, No.3, West Mt. East Road, Wendeng District, Weihai City, 264400, Shandong, China
| | - Aijie Shao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weihai Central Hospital, No.3, West Mt. East Road, Wendeng District, Weihai City, 264400, Shandong, China
| | - Xinsheng Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weihai Central Hospital, No.3, West Mt. East Road, Wendeng District, Weihai City, 264400, Shandong, China
| | - Meiling Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weihai Central Hospital, No.3, West Mt. East Road, Wendeng District, Weihai City, 264400, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weihai Central Hospital, No.3, West Mt. East Road, Wendeng District, Weihai City, 264400, Shandong, China
| | - Yingna Qiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weihai Central Hospital, No.3, West Mt. East Road, Wendeng District, Weihai City, 264400, Shandong, China.
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Tache Y, Larauche M, Yuan PQ, Million M. Brain and Gut CRF Signaling: Biological Actions and Role in the Gastrointestinal Tract. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2018; 11:51-71. [PMID: 28240194 DOI: 10.2174/1874467210666170224095741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) pathways coordinate behavioral, endocrine, autonomic and visceral responses to stress. Convergent anatomical, molecular, pharmacological and functional experimental evidence supports a key role of brain CRF receptor (CRF-R) signaling in stress-related alterations of gastrointestinal functions. These include the inhibition of gastric acid secretion and gastric-small intestinal transit, stimulation of colonic enteric nervous system and secretorymotor function, increase intestinal permeability, and visceral hypersensitivity. Brain sites of CRF actions to alter gut motility encompass the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, locus coeruleus complex and the dorsal motor nucleus while those modulating visceral pain are localized in the hippocampus and central amygdala. Brain CRF actions are mediated through the autonomic nervous system (decreased gastric vagal and increased sacral parasympathetic and sympathetic activities). The activation of brain CRF-R2 subtype inhibits gastric motor function while CRF-R1 stimulates colonic secretomotor function and induces visceral hypersensitivity. CRF signaling is also located within the gut where CRF-R1 activates colonic myenteric neurons, mucosal cells secreting serotonin, mucus, prostaglandin E2, induces mast cell degranulation, enhances mucosal permeability and propulsive motor functions and induces visceral hyperalgesia in animals and humans. CRF-R1 antagonists prevent CRF- and stressrelated gut alterations in rodents while not influencing basal state. DISCUSSION These preclinical studies contrast with the limited clinical positive outcome of CRF-R1 antagonists to alleviate stress-sensitive functional bowel diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome. CONCLUSION The translational potential of CRF-R1 antagonists in gut diseases will require additional studies directed to novel anti-CRF therapies and the neurobiology of brain-gut interactions under chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette Tache
- CURE/Digestive Diseases Research Center, G Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Digestive Diseases Division, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073. United States
| | - Muriel Larauche
- CURE/Digestive Diseases Research Center, G Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Digestive Diseases Division, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073. United States
| | - Pu-Qing Yuan
- CURE/Digestive Diseases Research Center, G Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Digestive Diseases Division, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073. United States
| | - Mulugeta Million
- CURE/Digestive Diseases Research Center, G Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Digestive Diseases Division, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073. United States
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Morales-Soto W, Gulbransen BD. Enteric Glia: A New Player in Abdominal Pain. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 7:433-445. [PMID: 30739868 PMCID: PMC6369218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic abdominal pain is the most common gastrointestinal issue and contributes to the pathophysiology of functional bowel disorders and inflammatory bowel disease. Current theories suggest that neuronal plasticity and broad alterations along the brain-gut axis contribute to the development of chronic abdominal pain, but the specific mechanisms involved in chronic abdominal pain remain incompletely understood. Accumulating evidence implicates glial cells in the development and maintenance of chronic pain. Astrocytes and microglia in the central nervous system and satellite glia in dorsal root ganglia contribute to chronic pain states through reactive gliosis, the modification of glial networks, and the synthesis and release of neuromodulators. In addition, new data suggest that enteric glia, a unique type of peripheral glia found within the enteric nervous system, have the potential to modify visceral perception through interactions with neurons and immune cells. Understanding these emerging roles of enteric glia is important to fully understand the mechanisms that drive chronic pain and to identify novel therapeutic targets. In this review, we discuss enteric glial cell signaling mechanisms that have the potential to influence chronic abdominal pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian D. Gulbransen
- Correspondence Address correspondence to: Brian D. Gulbransen, PhD, Neuroscience Program and Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Road, East Lansing, Michigan 48824. fax: (517) 355-5125.
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Dong FW, Jiang HH, Yang L, Gong Y, Zi CT, Yang D, Ye CJ, Li H, Yang J, Nian Y, Zhou J, Hu JM. Valepotriates From the Roots and Rhizomes of Valeriana jatamansi Jones as Novel N-Type Calcium Channel Antagonists. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:885. [PMID: 30150936 PMCID: PMC6099110 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The roots and rhizomes of Valeriana jatamansi have long been used as folk medicine in Asia and usually named as “Zhizhuxiang” in Chinese for the treatment of abdominal distention and pain. However, its active ingredients and molecular targets for treatment of abdominal pain remain unrevealed. Inhibitors of Cav2.2 N-type voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) are actively sought after for their potential in treating pain, especially chronic pain. As far as we know, the method used for seeking analgesic active ingredient from plant material has rarely been reported. The analgesic potentials of the EtOH extract (0.01 mg/ml) of the roots and rhizomes of V. jatamansi and its EtOAc, n-BuOH and H2O soluble parts (0.01 mg/ml, respectively) were tested herein on Cav2.2, using whole-oocyte recordings in vitro by tow-electrode voltage clamp. The results indicated that the EtOAc-soluble part exhibited the most potent inhibition of Cav2.2 peak current (20 mv). The EtOAc-soluble part was then subjected to silica gel column chromatography (CC) and giving 9 fractions. Phytochemical studies were carried out by repeated CC and extensive spectroscopic analyses after the fraction (0.01 mg/ml) was identified to be active and got seventeen compounds (1–17). All isolates were then sent for further bioactive verification (1 and 3 at concentration of 10 μM, others at 30 μM). In addition, the selectivity of the active compounds 1 and 3 were tested on various ion channels including Cav1.2, Cav2.1 and Cav3.1 VGCCs and Kv1.2, Kv2.1, Kv3.1 and BK potassium channels. The results indicated that compound 1 and 3 (an abundant compound) inhibited Cav2.2 with an EC50 of 3.3 and 4.8 μM, respectively, and had weaker or no effect on Cav1.2, Cav2.1 and Cav3.1 VGCCs and Kv1.2, Kv2.1, Kv3.1 and BK potassium channels. Compounds 1 and 3 appear to act as allosteric modulators rather than pore blockers of Cav2.2, which may play crucial role in attenuating nociception. The results of present research indicated that the ethnopharmacological utilization of V. jatamansi for relieving the abdominal distention and pain may mediate through Cav2.2 channel. Our work is the first demonstration of inhibition of Cav2.2 by iridoids, which may provide a fresh source for finding new analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Wu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - He-Hai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ion Channel Research and Drug Development Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Ye Gong
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ion Channel Research and Drug Development Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Cheng-Ting Zi
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Dan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Chen-Jun Ye
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ion Channel Research and Drug Development Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Huan Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ion Channel Research and Drug Development Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ion Channel Research and Drug Development Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yin Nian
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ion Channel Research and Drug Development Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jiang-Miao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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Dolatabadi F, Abdolghaffari AH, Farzaei MH, Baeeri M, Ziarani FS, Eslami M, Abdollahi M, Rahimi R. The Protective Effect of Melissa officinalis L. in Visceral Hypersensitivity in Rat Using 2 Models of Acid-induced Colitis and Stress-induced Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Possible Role of Nitric Oxide Pathway. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018; 24:490-501. [PMID: 29879761 PMCID: PMC6034661 DOI: 10.5056/jnm17035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims The aim of present study is to estimate the effects of Melissa officinalis L. (MO) on visceral hypersensitivity (VH), defecation pattern and biochemical factors in 2 experimental models of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and the possible role of nitric oxide. Methods Two individual models of IBS were induced in male Wistar-albino rats. In the acetic acid model, the animals were exposed to rectal distension and abdominal withdrawal reflex, and the defecation patterns were determined. In the restraint stress model, the levels of TNF-α, myeloperoxidase, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant powers were determined in the (removed) colon. Rats had been treated with MO, L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME), aminoguanidine (AG), MO + AG, or MO + L-NAME in the mentioned experimental models. Results Hypersensitive response to rectal distension and more stool defecation in control rats have been observed in comparison to shams. MO-300 significantly reduced VH and defecation frequency in comparison to controls. VH and defecation pattern did not show significant change in AG + MO and L-NAME + MO groups compared to controls. Also, significant reduction in TNF-α, myeloperoxidase, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and an increase in antioxidant power in MO-300 group was recorded compared to controls. AG + MO and L-NAME + MO groups showed a reverse pattern compared to MO-300 group. Conclusions MO can ameliorate IBS by modulating VH and defecation patterns. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties along with its effect on the nitrergic pathway seem to play important roles in its pharmacological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Dolatabadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir H Abdolghaffari
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Gastrointestinal Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad H Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Maryam Baeeri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh S Ziarani
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Ghazvin University of Medical Sciences, Ghazvin, Iran
| | - Majid Eslami
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roja Rahimi
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
目的 观察不同番泻叶浓度、束缚时间及造模持续时间对腹泻型肠易激综合征(diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome, IBS-D)大鼠模型造成的影响, 筛选一种较为理想的IBS-D大鼠模型制作方法.
方法 SD大鼠32只, 雌雄各半. 随机分为空白组、模型1组(0.2 g/mL番泻叶+束缚1 h)、模型2组(0.3 g/mL番泻叶+束缚1 h)、模型3组(0.2 g/mL番泻叶+束缚1.5 h), 每组8只, 雌雄各半. 以造模7、10、14 d时腹壁撤退反射时的疼痛阈值评价其内脏敏感性, 腹泻指数评价其腹泻程度, 同时对肠黏膜的组织学改变进行评价.
结果 各组模型大鼠疼痛阈值在7、10、14 d均较空白组明显降低(P<0.05); 腹泻指数在7、10、14 d均较空白组明显增加(P<0.05). 模型2组的疼痛阈值较模型1组在7 d和14 d低(均为P = 0.006), 与模型3组比较差异不明显(P = 1.000, P = 0.198); 模型2组的腹泻指数较模型1组和模型3组在3个时间点高(P<0.05). 组织学分析显示各组大鼠均无明显的炎症性表现.
结论 3种造模方法在7、10、14 d均可建立IBS-D的动物模型, 其中束缚1 h联合番泻叶0.3 g/mL灌胃的方法在内脏敏感性及腹泻指数上要优于其他两种造模方法.
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12
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Abstract
Visceral pain is a highly complex entity whose experience is variable in health and disease. It can occur in patients with organic disease and also in those without any readily identifiable structural or biochemical abnormality such as in the functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID). Despite considerable progress in our understanding of the culpable underlying mechanisms significant knowledge gaps remain, representing a significant unmet need in gastroenterology. A key, but not universal, pathological feature is that patients with FGID often display heightened sensitivity to experimental gut stimulation, termed visceral hypersensitivity. A plethora of factors have been proposed to account for this epiphenomenon including peripheral sensitization, central sensitization, aberrant central processing, genetic, psychological and abnormalities within the stress responsive systems. Further research is needed, bringing together complementary research themes from a diverse array of academic disciplines ranging from gastroenterology to nociceptive physiology to functional neuro-imaging, to address this unmet need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D Farmer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shrewsbury & Telford Hospitals NHS Trust, Princess Royal Hospital, Apley Castle, Telford, Shropshire, UK ; Neurogastroenterology Group, Blizard Institute of Cell & Molecular Science, Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology, Barts and the London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Qasim Aziz
- Neurogastroenterology Group, Blizard Institute of Cell & Molecular Science, Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology, Barts and the London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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13
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Qiao Y, Wu F, Wang J, Cui X, Liu C, Zhu X. Effects of injection of anti-corticotropin release hormone serum in the lateral ventricles and electroacupuncture analgesia on pain threshold in rats with adjuvant arthritis. Neural Regen Res 2015; 7:1630-6. [PMID: 25657703 PMCID: PMC4308765 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.21.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Rat models of adjuvant arthritis were established, and anti-corticotropin release hormone serum injection in the lateral ventricles and electroacupuncture at right Jiaji (EX-B2) were performed. The pain threshold was decreased at 45 and 60 minutes after injection of the anti-corticotropin release hormone serum. Electroacupuncture at Jiaji can resist this effect. Immunohistochemical staining results showed that the expression of corticotropin release hormone in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus was greater in the electroacupuncture + anti-corticotropin release hormone serum group compared with the anti-corticotropin release hormone serum group. The expression of corticotropin release hormone was correlated with the pain threshold. The effect of endogenous corticotropin release hormone in pain modulation can be obstructed by anti-corticotropin release hormone serum. The analgesia of electroacupuncture can partially resist the depressed pain threshold caused by injection of anti-corticotropin release hormone serum. The analgesic effect of electroacupuncture is associated with the corticotropin release hormone content in the hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunying Qiao
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shanxi College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Fudong Wu
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaolu Cui
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Congcong Liu
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xinlong Zhu
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
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Fan Y, Chen J, Ye J, Yan H, Cai Y. Proteinase-activated receptor 2 modulates corticotropin releasing hormone-induced brain-derived neurotrophic factor release from microglial cells. Cell Biol Int 2013; 38:92-6. [PMID: 24174309 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain, but its regulation of BDNF release is not fully understood. To further understand the regulation of BDNF release, the microglial cell line, C8-D1A (microglia, in short), were cultured as a model. The levels of BDNF were determined by enzyme-linked immunoassay. Apoptotic microglia were assessed by flow cytometry. The protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) was activated by tryptase. Exposure to corticotripin releasing hormone (CRH) induced BDNF release from microglia. Apoptosis was evident in microglia after activation by CRH. Tryptase-induced PAR2 activation reduced the frequency of apoptosis of microglia, but enhanced the BDNF levels in the culture medium, which was partially blocked by PAR2 antagonists. We conclude that PAR2 agonists can promote the BDNF release from microglia; the PAR2 antagonists may be a potential therapeutic target to attenuate the BDNF-related neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhi Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Department of Pain Medicine, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, 26 Shengli St., Jiangan District, Wuhan, 430014, China
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15
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Yu XZ, Liu HF, Sun ZX. Investigation of the effect of military stress on the prevalence of functional bowel disorders. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:3004-7. [PMID: 22736925 PMCID: PMC3380329 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i23.3004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Revised: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the morbidity of functional bowel disorders (FBD) under military stress conditions in order to lay foundations for the prevention and treatment of this disease.
METHODS: Four hundred and fifty-seven soldiers who were assigned to specified services and 471 soldiers who were assigned to routine services were enrolled using cluster sampling, with the latter as a control group. They were surveyed using the Rome III FBD standard questionnaire. The FBD symptom questionnaire included FBD-related symptoms, severity, duration or attack time, and accompanying symptoms.
RESULTS: The morbidity of the military stress group (14.6%) was significantly higher than in the control group (9.98%) (χ2 = 4.585, P < 0.05). The incidence of smoking, abdominal pain and acid regurgitation (χ2 = 4.761, P < 0.05) as well as the ZUNG anxiety/depression scores (χ2 = 7.982, P < 0.01) were also significantly higher in the military stress group compared with the control group. ZUNG anxiety (χ2 = 11.523, P < 0.01) and depression (χ2 = 5.149, P < 0.05) scores were higher in the FBD group compared with the non-FBD group. The differences in the ZUNG self-rated anxiety and depression scales between the 2 groups were statistically significant (χ2 = 14.482, P < 0.01 and χ2 = 6.176, P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: The morbidity of FBD was higher under military stress conditions.
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Liu ZX, Ji WS, Liu XL, Wang L, Han HR, Fang CY, Zhao TK, Xu JM, Zhang GX, Qu MH. Expression of Urocotin3 and CRFR2 in the enteric nervous system of rats with irritable bowel syndrome. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2012; 20:1094-1099. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v20.i13.1094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To examine the expression of Urocotin3 (Ucn3) and its receptor corticotrophin-releasing factor receptor 2 (CRFR2) in the colon of rats with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
METHODS: Thirty-six Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal control group (N), acute stress group (A), chronic stress group (C), and acute-chronic stress group (AC). The animal models were assessed by counting fecal pellets, open-field behavior scoring and fluid consumption testing. On day 28 after induction of IBS, the animals were killed to take colon tissue for detecting the expression of Ucn3 and CRFR2 by real-time PCR and for dissecting the myenteric plexus and submucosal plexus for immunoflurescence.
RESULTS: Both Ucn3 and CRFR2 were expressed in the myenteric and submucosal plexus in the colon of rats with IBS. The expression level of Ucn3 was higher in each stress group than in the control group (N: 1.108 ± 0.293; A: 3.594 ± 1.839; C: 1.852 ± 0.674; AC: 3.989 ± 1.591; all P < 0.05). The expression of Ucn3 in the acute stress and acute-chronic groups was higher than that in the chronic stress group (P < 0.017, 0.002). CRFR2 expression was also increased in all the three stress groups compared to the control group (A: 2.119 ± 0.468; C: 1.568 ± 0.507; AC: 2.392 ± 0.840; all P < 0.05). CRFR2 expression showed no significant differences among the three stress groups.
CONCLUSION: The expression of both Ucn3 and CRFR2 increases in the colon of IBS rats, and they may play an important role in the enteric neural system in rats with IBS.
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17
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Larauche M. Novel insights in the role of peripheral corticotropin-releasing factor and mast cells in stress-induced visceral hypersensitivity. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2012; 24:201-5. [PMID: 22316289 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2011.01867.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Visceral hypersensitivity is one of the hallmarks in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) pathophysiology. Stress is well known to affect visceral sensitivity in humans and rodents, an effect which is associated in part with alterations of intestinal epithelial permeability in rodents. Although the pathophysiology of visceral hypersensitivity is still unclear, two key factors have been identified as playing a major role in its modulation, namely peripheral corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and mast cells. In a recent study in Neurogastroenterology and Motility, van den Wijngaard et al. demonstrate that the mast-cell dependent visceral hypersensitivity observed in maternally separated rats after an acute exposure to a psychological stress can be prevented but not reversed by the peripherally restricted CRF receptor antagonist, α-helical CRF(9-41). They further show that the preventive effect of the CRF receptor antagonist is linked to a stabilization of mast cells and maintenance of the epithelial barrier at the colonic level. These data suggest that post stress mast cell activation and subsequent visceral hypersensitivity are not targeted by peripheral CRF receptor antagonists. These novel insights in the role of peripheral CRF in the modulation of stress-induced visceral hypersensitivity add to our growing understanding of the mechanisms that may lie at the origin of visceral pain disturbances following stress and will contribute to enhance the development of drugs that may have potential therapeutic benefits for IBS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Larauche
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Oppenheimer Family Center for Neurobiology of Stress, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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18
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Larauche M, Mulak A, Taché Y. Stress and visceral pain: from animal models to clinical therapies. Exp Neurol 2012; 233:49-67. [PMID: 21575632 PMCID: PMC3224675 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have implicated stress (psychosocial and physical) as a trigger of first onset or exacerbation of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms of which visceral pain is an integrant landmark. A number of experimental acute or chronic exteroceptive or interoceptive stressors induce visceral hyperalgesia in rodents although recent evidence also points to stress-related visceral analgesia as established in the somatic pain field. Underlying mechanisms of stress-related visceral hypersensitivity may involve a combination of sensitization of primary afferents, central sensitization in response to input from the viscera and dysregulation of descending pathways that modulate spinal nociceptive transmission or analgesic response. Biochemical coding of stress involves the recruitment of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) signaling pathways. Experimental studies established that activation of brain and peripheral CRF receptor subtype 1 plays a primary role in the development of stress-related delayed visceral hyperalgesia while subtype 2 activation induces analgesic response. In line with stress pathways playing a role in IBS, non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic treatment modalities aimed at reducing stress perception using a broad range of evidence-based mind-body interventions and centrally-targeted medications to reduce anxiety impact on brain patterns activated by visceral stimuli and dampen visceral pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Larauche
- CURE/Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA.
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19
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Wang W, Zhang X, Yang L, Liu D, Liu G, Zhou J. Lipopolysaccharide upregulates the expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone via MAP kinase pathway in rat peritoneal macrophages. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 361:1-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-1080-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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20
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Larauche M, Mulak A, Taché Y. Stress-related alterations of visceral sensation: animal models for irritable bowel syndrome study. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2011; 17:213-34. [PMID: 21860814 PMCID: PMC3155058 DOI: 10.5056/jnm.2011.17.3.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stressors of different psychological, physical or immune origin play a critical role in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome participating in symptoms onset, clinical presentation as well as treatment outcome. Experimental stress models applying a variety of acute and chronic exteroceptive or interoceptive stressors have been developed to target different periods throughout the lifespan of animals to assess the vulnerability, the trigger and perpetuating factors determining stress influence on visceral sensitivity and interactions within the brain-gut axis. Recent evidence points towards adequate construct and face validity of experimental models developed with respect to animals' age, sex, strain differences and specific methodological aspects such as non-invasive monitoring of visceromotor response to colorectal distension as being essential in successful identification and evaluation of novel therapeutic targets aimed at reducing stress-related alterations in visceral sensitivity. Underlying mechanisms of stress-induced modulation of visceral pain involve a combination of peripheral, spinal and supraspinal sensitization based on the nature of the stressors and dysregulation of descending pathways that modulate nociceptive transmission or stress-related analgesic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Larauche
- CURE/Digestive Diseases Research Center and Center for Neurobiology of Stress, Digestive Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Agata Mulak
- CURE/Digestive Diseases Research Center and Center for Neurobiology of Stress, Digestive Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yvette Taché
- CURE/Digestive Diseases Research Center and Center for Neurobiology of Stress, Digestive Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA
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21
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Larauche M, Mulak A, Taché Y. Stress and visceral pain: from animal models to clinical therapies. Exp Neurol 2011. [PMID: 21575632 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.04.020.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have implicated stress (psychosocial and physical) as a trigger of first onset or exacerbation of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms of which visceral pain is an integrant landmark. A number of experimental acute or chronic exteroceptive or interoceptive stressors induce visceral hyperalgesia in rodents although recent evidence also points to stress-related visceral analgesia as established in the somatic pain field. Underlying mechanisms of stress-related visceral hypersensitivity may involve a combination of sensitization of primary afferents, central sensitization in response to input from the viscera and dysregulation of descending pathways that modulate spinal nociceptive transmission or analgesic response. Biochemical coding of stress involves the recruitment of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) signaling pathways. Experimental studies established that activation of brain and peripheral CRF receptor subtype 1 plays a primary role in the development of stress-related delayed visceral hyperalgesia while subtype 2 activation induces analgesic response. In line with stress pathways playing a role in IBS, non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic treatment modalities aimed at reducing stress perception using a broad range of evidence-based mind-body interventions and centrally-targeted medications to reduce anxiety impact on brain patterns activated by visceral stimuli and dampen visceral pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Larauche
- CURE/Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA.
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22
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Larauche M, Kiank C, Tache Y. Corticotropin releasing factor signaling in colon and ileum: regulation by stress and pathophysiological implications. JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY : AN OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE POLISH PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2009; 60 Suppl 7:33-46. [PMID: 20388944 PMCID: PMC3295842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2009] [Accepted: 12/11/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that central corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) signaling mediates the gastrointestinal responses to stress. However, as shown in the brain, both CRF receptors and ligands are also widely expressed in the colon and the ileum of humans and rodents, and stress modulates their expression. Several functional studies documented that peripheral injection of CRF or urocortin stimulates colonic transit, motility, Fos expression in myenteric neurons, and defecation through activation of CRF(1) receptors, whereas it decreases ileal contractility via CRF(2) receptors. Additionally, intraperitoneal administration of CRF induces colonic mast cells degranulation via both CRF(1) and CRF(2) receptors and increases ion secretion and mucosal permeability to macromolecules, which can in turn promote intestinal inflammation and alter visceral sensitivity. Most peripheral CRF-induced alterations of colonic and ileal functions mimic effects which are observed after stress exposure, and CRF receptor antagonists given peripherally prevent stress-induced GI dysfunction. Furthermore, CRF peptides can reproduce secretomotor and mucosal alterations in vitro. Therefore, accumulated clinical and preclinical evidence supports in addition to the brain, a role for peripheral CRF signaling in mediating stress-induced effects on gastrointestinal sensorimotor, mucosal and immune functions, that may be components of underlying mechanisms involved in stress-related impact on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Larauche
- CURE, Digestive Diseases Research Center and Center for Neurobiology of Stress; Digestive Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine UCLA and VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Angeles, California, USA.
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Bueno L. [Therapeutic targets]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 33 Suppl 1:S59-67. [PMID: 19303540 DOI: 10.1016/s0399-8320(09)71526-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Based on better recent knowledge of the factors involved in triggering visceral hyperalgesia, the therapeutic approach to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) treatment is changing. The classical approach targeting first bowel movement alterations or motility disorders using spasmolytic agents has to be replaced by visceral antinociceptive drugs. Several mediators and receptors involved in gut hyperalgesia have already been identified. Serotonin (5-HT), tachykinins, CCK, NGF, and other mediators are involved in experimental models of gut hyperalgesia, and related receptor antagonists have already been introduced in clinical trials. However, IBS is associated with mucosal immune stimulation, considered a microinflammatory state associated with increased density of immunocytes and mast cells, offering new targets. Altered mucosal barrier permeability with increased entry of toxins and bacteria is considered to be responsible for the mucosal microinflammation. Endogenous but predominantly luminal factors have been identified as factors responsible for such altered permeability. These clinical data have opened the door to promising future drugs able to prevent or blunt such permeability alteration, which therefore may constitute a pathophysiological treatment for IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bueno
- Unité de Neurogastroenterologie et Nutrition, 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille-BP3, 31931 Toulouse, France.
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Wang CD, Zheng XY, Zheng WW. Dextran sulfate sodium-induced low grade mucosal inflammation activates visceral hypersensitivity in rats. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2009; 17:1621-1625. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v17.i16.1621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the role of low grade mucosal inflammation (LGMI) induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in visceral sensitivity of the rats.
METHODS: Forty healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into LGMI group and control group (n = 20). LGMI was induced by addition of 15 g/L DSS to drinking water for 7 d, and then distilled water for another 7 d. The control group rats were given distilled water alone. At the 14th day, abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) and myoelectric amplitude (MA) of the oblique externus abdominis muscle were recorded respectively after colonic distention by balloon with ascending internal pressure from 20 mmHg to 80 mmHg. The colonic tissue samples were taken for histopathologic examinations (HE staining), and the expressions of c-fos, substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the intumescentia lumbalis were detected using immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS: The colonic mucosal inflammation score in LGMI rats was 1.56 ± 0.78, significantly higher than that in control rats (0.46 ± 0.54, P = 0.003). Neither the AWR score nor the MA had significant difference between the two groups when the internal balloon pressure was 20 mmHg. When the pressure was up to 40, 60, 80 mmHg, the AWR score and the MA in LGMI rats were significantly higher than those in the control group (all P < 0.05). The expression of c-fos, SP and CGRP in LGMI were respectively higher than those in controls (165.26 ± 10.12 vs 126.52 ± 11.48, 134.28 ± 10.62 vs 120.82 ± 8.92, 157.66 ± 6.25 vs 118.67 ± 5.68, all P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: Low grade inflammation of colonic mucous induced by DSS in rats may promote expression of the c-Fos, SP, and CGRP in the intumescentia lumbalis, and activate the visceral hypersensitivity, which underlies IBS.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are a highly prevalent group of heterogeneous disorders whose diagnostic criteria are symptom based in the absence of a demonstrable structural or biochemical abnormality. Chronic abdominal pain or discomfort is a defining characteristic of these disorders and a proportion of patients may display heightened pain sensitivity to experimental visceral stimulation, termed visceral pain hypersensitivity (VPH). SOURCES OF DATA We examined the most recent literature in order to concisely review the evidence for some of the most important recent advances in the putative mechanisms concerned in the pathophysiology of VPH. AREAS OF AGREEMENT VPH may occur due to anomalies at any level of the visceral nociceptive neuraxis. Important peripheral and central mechanisms of sensitization that have been postulated include a wide range of ion channels, neurotransmitter receptors and trophic factors. Data from functional brain imaging studies have also provided evidence for aberrant central pain processing in cortical and subcortical regions. In addition, descending modulation of visceral nociceptive pathways by the autonomic nervous system, hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis and psychological factors have all been implicated in the generation of VPH. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY Particular areas of controversy have included the development of efficacious treatment of VPH. Therapies have been slow to emerge, mainly due to concerns regarding safety. GROWING POINTS The burgeoning field of genome wide association studies may provide further evidence for the pleiotropic genetic basis of VPH development. AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH Tangible progress will only be made in the treatment of VPH when we begin to individually characterize patients with FGIDs based on their clinical phenotype, genetics and visceral nociceptive physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Farmer
- Neurogastroenterology Group, The Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Whitechapel, London E1 2AJ, UK
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