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Ayyadurai VAS, Deonikar P, Fields C. Mechanistic Understanding of D-Glucaric Acid to Support Liver Detoxification Essential to Muscle Health Using a Computational Systems Biology Approach. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030733. [PMID: 36771439 PMCID: PMC9921405 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver and muscle health are intimately connected. Nutritional strategies that support liver detoxification are beneficial to muscle recovery. Computational-in silico-molecular systems' biology analysis of supplementation of calcium and potassium glucarate salts and their metabolite D-glucaric acid (GA) reveals their positive effect on mitigation of liver detoxification via four specific molecular pathways: (1) ROS production, (2) deconjugation, (3) apoptosis of hepatocytes, and (4) β-glucuronidase synthesis. GA improves liver detoxification by downregulating hepatocyte apoptosis, reducing glucuronide deconjugates levels, reducing ROS production, and inhibiting β-Glucuronidase enzyme that reduces re-absorption of toxins in hepatocytes. Results from this in silico study provide an integrative molecular mechanistic systems explanation for the mitigation of liver toxicity by GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. A. Shiva Ayyadurai
- Systems Biology Group, CytoSolve Research Division, CytoSolve, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Prabhakar Deonikar
- Systems Biology Group, CytoSolve Research Division, CytoSolve, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Christine Fields
- Applied Food Sciences Inc., 8708 South Congress Suite 290, Austin, TX 78745, USA
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Liao X, Liang H, Pan J, Zhang Q, Niu J, Xue C, Ni J, Cui D. Preparation and characterization of a fully human monoclonal antibody specific for human tumor necrosis factor alpha. Bioengineered 2021; 12:10821-10834. [PMID: 34886761 PMCID: PMC8809985 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1967710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is an important inflammatory factor. It plays a cardinal role in inflammatory synovitis and articular matrix degradation, and is, therefore, a prime target for directed immunotherapy in autoimmune diseases. In this study, we screened and isolated the B cells secreting anti-TNFα antibody from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The heavy-chain and light-chain sequences of the antibody were cloned and used to generate a stable Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line producing the antibody, which was named Haidalimumab. Haidalimumab showed a TNFα binding affinity comparable to that of the antibody Humira, which is the best TNF inhibitor on the market. Furthermore, Haidalimumab could effectively neutralize recombinant human tumor necrosis factor alpha (rhTNFα) toxicity in a C57BL/6 mouse model and showed significant therapeutic effect in a tumor necrosis factor transgenic (TNF-Tg) mouse arthritis model. In conclusion, we developed a high-affinity, fully human anti-TNFα antibody with low immunogenicity that could potentially have significant therapeutic applications in rheumatoid arthritis or other autoimmune diseases.Abbreviations: ELISAenzyme linked immunosorbent assayRArheumatoid arthritisSDS-PAGEsodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresisrhTNFαrecombinant human tumor necrosis factor-alphaEC50concentration for 50% of maximal effectTNF-Tg micetumor necrosis factor transgenic miceAMDactinomycin DMTTmethylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromidePBSphosphate-buffered saline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmei Liao
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- National Center for Translational Medicine, Collaborative Innovational Center for System Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Hui Liang
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Nuance Biotech (Shenzhen) Co. Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jian Pan
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- National Center for Translational Medicine, Collaborative Innovational Center for System Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Niu
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- National Center for Translational Medicine, Collaborative Innovational Center for System Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Cuili Xue
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- National Center for Translational Medicine, Collaborative Innovational Center for System Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jian Ni
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Nuance Biotech (Shenzhen) Co. Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Daxiang Cui
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- National Center for Translational Medicine, Collaborative Innovational Center for System Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology, Shanghai, P. R. China
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Park Y, Ahn JH, Cho JH, Tae HJ, Lee TK, Kim B, Lee JC, Park JH, Shin MC, Ohk TG, Cho JH, Won MH. Effects of hypothermia on inflammatory cytokine expression in rat liver following asphyxial cardiac arrest. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:626. [PMID: 33968162 PMCID: PMC8097226 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypothermic treatment is known to protect against cardiac arrest (CA) and improve survival rate. However, few studies have evaluated the CA-induced liver damage and the effects of hypothermia on this damage. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine possible protective effects of hypothermia on the liver after asphyxial CA. Rats were subjected to a 5-min asphyxial CA followed by return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). The body temperature was controlled at 37±0.5˚C (normothermia group) or 33±0.5˚C (hypothermia group) for 4 h after ROSC. Livers were examined at 6, 12 h, 1 and 2 days after ROSC. Histopathological examination was performed by H&E staining. Alterations in the expression levels of pro-inflammatory (TNF-α and interleukin IL-2) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-13) were investigated by immunohistochemistry. Sinusoidal dilatation and vacuolization were observed after asphyxial CA by histopathological examination. However, these CA-induced structural alterations were prevented by hypothermia. In immunohistochemical examination, the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were reduced in the hypothermia group compared with those in the normothermia group while the expression levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines were increased in the hypothermia group compared with those in the normothermia group. In conclusion, hypothermic treatment for 4 h following asphyxial CA in rats inhibited the increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines and stimulated the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines compared with the normothermic group. The results of the present study suggested that hypothermic treatment after asphyxial CA reduced liver damage via the regulation of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonsoo Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24289, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ahn
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Youngsan University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50510, Republic of Korea.,Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hwi Cho
- Bio-Safety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeollabuk 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Tae
- Bio-Safety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeollabuk 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Bora Kim
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Ha Park
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Gyeongbuk 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Cheol Shin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24289, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek Geun Ohk
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24289, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hwi Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24289, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
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Effect of high-dose ulinastatin on the cardiopulmonary bypass-induced inflammatory response in patients undergoing open-heart surgery. Chin Med J (Engl) 2020; 133:1476-1478. [PMID: 32496303 PMCID: PMC7339317 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Hepatoprotective effect of ulinastatin in a rat model of major hepatectomy after obstructive jaundice. Dig Dis Sci 2015; 60:1680-9. [PMID: 25647759 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-015-3543-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, major hepatectomy with obstructive jaundice is still a highly risky and difficult surgery because of the high rate of complications. An excessive inflammatory response may be the primary hindrance to postoperative recovery of liver function. AIMS Recent research has demonstrated that ulinastatin blocks the release of inflammatory factors and prevents the cytokine cascade reaction. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of ulinastatin on major hepatectomy after obstructive jaundice and to explore the potential mechanisms of this effect. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: sham, control and treated groups. In the control and treated groups, obstructive jaundice was induced, and a 70 % major hepatectomy was performed with implementation of ulinastatin treatment in the treated group but not the control group. The rats were sacrificed after hepatectomy on day 1, day 3, day 5 and day 7. The survival time, liver function, inflammatory cytokine expression and the indices of proliferation activities were examined. Kupffer cells were isolated, and the mRNA and protein levels of CD14 and NF-κB P65 in the Kupffer cells were determined. RESULTS Compared to the control group, the survival rates, postoperative liver function, and the indices of proliferation activities were better in the treated group; in the treated group serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels were lower whereas serum IL-10 levels were higher. The expression of CD14 and NF-κB P65 in Kupffer cells at both the mRNA and protein levels was significantly higher in the control group than in the treated group. CONCLUSIONS Ulinastatin has a protective effect in major hepatectomy with obstructive jaundice by inhibiting Kupffer cell activation and modulating the hepatic cytokine response.
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Xing F, Sharma S, Liu Y, Mo YY, Wu K, Zhang YY, Pochampally R, Martinez LA, Lo HW, Watabe K. miR-509 suppresses brain metastasis of breast cancer cells by modulating RhoC and TNF-α. Oncogene 2015; 34:4890-900. [PMID: 25659578 PMCID: PMC4530094 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The median survival time of breast cancer patients with brain metastasis is less than 6 months, and even a small metastatic lesion often causes severe neurological disabilities. Because of the location of metastatic lesions, a surgical approach is limited and most chemotherapeutic drugs are ineffective due to the blood brain barrier (BBB). Despite this clinical importance, the molecular basis of the brain metastasis is poorly understood. In this study, we have isolated RNA from samples obtained from primary breast tumors and also from brain metastatic lesions followed by microRNA profiling analysis. Our results revealed that the miR-509 is highly expressed in the primary tumors, while the expression of this microRNA is significantly decreased in the brain metastatic lesions. MicroRNA target prediction and the analysis of cytokine array for the cells ectopically expressed with miR-509 demonstrated that this microRNA was capable of modulating two genes essential for brain invasion, RhoC and TNFα that affect the invasion of cancer cells and permeability of BBB, respectively. Importantly, high levels of TNFα and RhoC-induced MMP9 were significantly correlated with brain metastasis-free survival of breast cancer patients. Furthermore, the results of our in vivo experiments indicate that miR-509 significantly suppressed the ability of cancer cells to metastasize to the brain. These findings suggest that miR-509 plays a critical role in brain metastasis of breast cancer by modulating the RhoC-TNFα network and that this miR-509 axis may represent a potential therapeutic target or serve as a prognostic tool for brain metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Xing
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - S Sharma
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Y-Y Mo
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - K Wu
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Y-Y Zhang
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - R Pochampally
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - L A Martinez
- Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - H-W Lo
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - K Watabe
- Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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Jiao SF, Sun K, Chen XJ, Zhao X, Cai N, Liu YJ, Xu LM, Kong XM, Wei LX. Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor alpha reduces the outgrowth of hepatic micrometastasis of colorectal tumors in a mouse model of liver ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Biomed Sci 2014; 21:1. [PMID: 24397824 PMCID: PMC3902418 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-21-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) often develop liver metastases, in which case surgery is considered the only potentially curative treatment option. However, liver surgery is associated with a risk of ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, which is thought to promote the growth of colorectal liver metastases. The influence of IR-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) elevation in the process still is unknown. To investigate the role of TNF-α in the growth of pre-existing micrometastases in the liver following IR, we used a mouse model of colorectal liver metastases. In this model, mice received IR treatment seven days after intrasplenic injections of colorectal CT26 cells. Prior to IR treatment, either TNF-α blocker Enbrel or low-dose TNF-α, which could inhibit IR-induced TNF-α elevation, was administered by intraperitoneal injection. Results Hepatic IR treatment significantly promoted CT26 tumor growth in the liver, but either Enbrel or low-dose TNF-α pretreatment reversed this trend. Further studies showed that the CT26 + IR group prominently increased the levels of ALT and AST, liver necrosis, inflammatory infiltration and the expressions of hepatic IL-6, MMP9 and E-selectin compared to those of CT26 group. Inhibition of TNF-α elevation remarkably attenuated the increases of these liver inflammatory damage indicators and tumor-promoting factors. Conclusion These findings suggested that inhibition of TNF-α elevation delayed the IR-enhanced outgrowth of colorectal liver metastases by reducing IR-induced inflammatory damage and the formation of tumor-promoting microenvironments. Both Enbrel and low-dose TNF-α represented the potential therapeutic approaches for the protection of colorectal liver metastatic patients against IR injury-induced growth of liver micrometastases foci.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xian-Ming Kong
- Medical Sciences Research Center, Renji hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, China.
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Tong Y, Tang Z, Yang T, Yang Y, Yang L, Shen W, Chen W. Ulinastatin preconditioning attenuates inflammatory reaction of hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury in rats via high mobility group box 1(HMGB1) inhibition. Int J Med Sci 2014; 11:337-43. [PMID: 24578610 PMCID: PMC3936027 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.7861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective It has been found that ulinastatin (UTI) can attenuate hepatic injury in a rat model of ischemia reperfusion (IR), but the specific mechanism is unclear. This study aims to investigate possible pathomechanism of ulinastatin in reducing the inflammatory response after hepatic IR. Methods A male sprague-dawley(SD) rat model of hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury was used. The rats were randomly divided into 4 groups on average, which were 0.9% saline and IR group as control, ulinastatin preconditioning (UPC) group, UPC+rHMGB1 (recombinant HMGB1) group and UPC +anti-HMGB1 group. Serum aminotransferases, TNF-α, IL-1 and Myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels were measured. Histopathology examination and apoptotic cell detection and the different expression of HMGB1 protein were also assessed. Results Serum levels of aminotransferases, cytokines and hepatic MPO in UPC and UPC+anti-HMGB1 groups were significantly lower than those in control group (p<0.05). Decreased histologic damage and apoptosis were also seen in these two groups (p<0.05). Conclusions HMGB1 expressions in UPC and UPC+anti-HMGB1 groups were significantly lower than those in the two control groups (p<0.05), pretreatment with ulinastatin attenuated liver IR injury by reducing HMGB1 expression through its anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tong
- 1. Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Zhaohui Tang
- 2. Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Tian Yang
- 3. Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yuting Yang
- 4. Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Liqun Yang
- 4. Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Weixing Shen
- 5. Department of General Surgery, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201700, China
| | - Weixin Chen
- 5. Department of General Surgery, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201700, China
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Intraportal versus Systemic Pentoxifylline Infusion after Normothermic Liver Ischemia: Effects on Regional Blood Flow Redistribution and Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. HPB SURGERY : A WORLD JOURNAL OF HEPATIC, PANCREATIC AND BILIARY SURGERY 2013; 2013:689835. [PMID: 24072955 PMCID: PMC3773430 DOI: 10.1155/2013/689835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Pentoxifylline (PTX) has been shown to have beneficial effects on microcirculatory blood flow. In this study we evaluate the potential hemodynamic and metabolic benefits of PTX during hepatic ischemia. We also test the hypothesis that portal PTX infusion can minimize the I/R injury when compared to systemic infusion. Methods. Twenty-four dogs (18.1 ± 0.7 kg) were subjected to portal triad occlusion (PTO) for 45 min. The animals were assigned to 3 groups: CT (control, PTO, n = 8), PTX-syst (PTO + 25 mg/Kg of PTX IV, n = 8), and PTX-pv (PTO + 25 mg/Kg of PTX in the portal vein, n = 8). Animals were followed for 120 min. Systemic hemodynamics, gastrointestinal tract perfusion, oxygen-derived variables, and liver enzymes were evaluated throughout the experiment. Results. Animals treated with PTX presented significantly higher CO in the first hour after reperfusion, when compared to the CT (~3.7 vs. 2.1 L/min, P < 0.05). Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was similar in the PTX groups two hours after reperfusion but significantly higher in the CT (227 vs. ~64 U/L, P < 0.05). Conclusion. PTX infusion was associated with hemodynamic benefits and was able to minimize liver injury during normothermic hepatic I/R. However, local PTX infusion was not associated with any significant advantage over systemic route.
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Inhibition of TNF-α protects against hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats via NF-κB dependent pathway. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2012; 385:465-71. [PMID: 22311349 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-012-0729-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R) is a serious health problem associated with liver transplantation, resection surgery, and various types of shock especially hemorrhagic shock. In the present investigation, the effect of inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) using pentoxifylline or infliximab against hepatic I/R injury induced in rats by 45-min ischemia and 1-h reperfusion was studied. It was observed that both pentoxifylline and infliximab-treated groups showed a significantly lower extent and severity of liver injury. This is attributed to (1) a decrease in oxidative stress markers, (2) reduction of the expression of TNF-α, TNF-α type-1 receptors, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Thus TNF-α inhibition may be one of the therapeutic interventions to overcome the deleterious effects of I/R on liver via reduction of oxidative stress and inhibition of inflammatory cascade.
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Pevni D, Frolkis I, Schwartz D, Schwartz I, Chernichovski T, Kramer A, Ben-Gal Y, Uretzky G, Shapira I, Weinbroum A. New evidence for the role of TNF-alpha in liver ischaemic/reperfusion injury. Eur J Clin Invest 2008; 38:649-55. [PMID: 18837741 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2008.01996.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) plays a key role in causing ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. I/R also causes activation of xanthine oxidase and dehydrogenase (XDH + XO) system that, via generated free radicals, causes organ damage. We investigated the effect of ischaemia, reperfusion and non-ischaemic prolonged perfusion (NIP) on TNF-alpha and XDH + XO production in an isolated perfused rat liver model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rat livers underwent 150 min NIP (control group) or two hours of ischaemia followed by reperfusion (I/R group). TNF-alpha (TNF-alpha mRNA and protein level), XDH + XO production and bile secretion were determined in tissue and effluent at baseline, at 120 min of ischaemia, after 30 min of reperfusion (I/R group) and after 120 and 150 min of prolonged perfusion (control). RESULTS Unexpectedly, neither ischaemia nor reperfusion had any effect on TNF-alpha production. TNF-alpha in effluent was 11 +/- 4.8 pg mL(-1) at baseline, 7 +/- 3.2 pg mL(-1) at the end of ischaemia, and 13 +/- 5.3 pg mL(-1) after 30 min of reperfusion. NIP, however, caused a significant increase of TNF-alpha synthesis and release. TNF-alpha effluent level after 120 and 150 min of perfusion was 392 +/- 78.7 pg mL(-1) and 408 +/- 64.3 pg mL(-1), respectively. TNF-alpha mRNA in tissue was also significantly elevated compared to baseline levels (1.31 +/- 0.2 P < 0.001 and 1.38 P < 0.002, respectively). Decrease of liver function (expressed by bile secretion) during I/R and NIP was accompanied by significant XDH + XO elevation. CONCLUSION This is the first evidence that NIP, and not I/R, is the decisive trigger for TNF-alpha production. This study leads to a better understanding of pathogenesis of liver I/R and perfusion damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pevni
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Centre, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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van Veen SQ, Dinant S, van Vliet AK, van Gulik TM. Alkaline phosphatase reduces hepatic and pulmonary injury in liver ischaemia -- reperfusion combined with partial resection. Br J Surg 2006; 93:448-56. [PMID: 16491472 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.5275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipopolysaccharides mediate inflammation in liver ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) and partial liver resection (PHX). Bovine intestinal alkaline phosphatase (BIAP) detoxifies lipopolysaccharides by dephosphorylation and reduces inflammation in models of sepsis. This study examined the protective effects of BIAP administration in models of partial (70 per cent) liver I/R with or without partial resection of all non-ischaemic lobes during ischaemia (30 per cent). METHODS Male Wistar rats were divided into six groups: I/R + BIAP, I/R + saline, I/R + PHX + BIAP and I/R + PHX + saline, PHX only or sham laparotomy only. A single dose of BIAP (0.5 units/g) or vehicle (saline) was administered 5 min before reperfusion. Inflammatory response, and hepatic and pulmonary injury were assessed during 24 h of reperfusion. RESULTS I/R, with or without PHX, increased all markers of inflammation, and hepatic and pulmonary damage (P < 0.050 versus sham operation). I/R + PHX significantly increased release of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and hepatic neutrophil influx compared with I/R only (P < 0.050). BIAP treatment decreased hepatic wet/dry ratios, neutrophil influx and histopathological damage after I/R with or without PHX (P < 0.050), and also AST, ALT and interleukin (IL)-6 production after I/R + PHX (P < 0.050). BIAP treatment reduced the neutrophil influx after I/R, and pulmonary histopathological injury was decreased after I/R with or without PHX. CONCLUSION BIAP attenuates hepatic and pulmonary injury after partial liver I/R and PHX.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Q van Veen
- Department of Surgery (Surgical Laboratory), Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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