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Mohammadzadeh M, Alizadeh Z, Khodabakhsh R, Pazhang Y, Mohammadi S. Monte Carlo simulation for assessing absorbed dose effects of low-dose β-radiation ( 90Sr/ 90Y) on cytotoxicity and apoptotic death in K562 cells. J Cancer Res Ther 2022; 18:200-208. [DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_909_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Aalaei S, Mohammadzadeh M, Pazhang Y. Synergistic induction of apoptosis in a cell model of human leukemia K562 by nitroglycerine and valproic acid. EXCLI JOURNAL 2019; 18:619-630. [PMID: 31611745 PMCID: PMC6785758 DOI: 10.17179/excli2019-1581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nitroglycerin (NG), a nitric oxide donor, and valproic acid (VPA), an inhibitor of histone deacetylases, have impressive effects on numerous cancer cell lines. This study intended to evaluate synergistic effects of NG and VPA on cell viability and apoptosis in K562 cells. K562 cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 supplemented with 10 % heat-inactivated FBS. They were treated with different doses of NG, VPA and cisplatin for 24, 48, and 72 h, and MTT assay was performed to analyze cell viability. Also, Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were cultured in RPMI-1640 media and incubated with NG (200 μM), VAP (100 μM), NG+VPA (150 μM) and cisplatin (8 μM) to evaluate cytotoxicity. IC50 of the drugs, when they were applied separately and in combination, were calculated using the COMPUSYN software. DNA electrophoresis, TUNEL assay, and Hoechst staining were performed to investigate apoptosis induction. RT-PCR was used for the evaluation of apoptotic genes expression. The results of the MTT assay showed that cell viability decreased at all applied doses of NG and VPA. It was noticed that the cytotoxic effects of these drugs were dose- and time-dependent. Based on the COMPUSYN output, the combination of the drugs (VPA and NG) in a certain ratio concentration synergistically decreased cell viability. Cisplatin significantly decreased cell viability of PBMCs and K562 cells. Also, the combination drug had cytotoxic effect and significantly reduced viability of K562 cells compared with PBMCs and control cells. In the target cells treated with this combination, Bax and caspase-3 expression increased but Bcl-2 expression decreased. These results suggest that NG, VPA, and their combination decreased cell viability and induced apoptosis via the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. This study suggests that this combination therapy can be considered for further evaluation as an effective chemotherapeutic strategy for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Aalaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | | | - Yaghub Pazhang
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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Ashraf Z, Mahmood T, Hassan M, Afzal S, Rafique H, Afzal K, Latip J. Dexibuprofen amide derivatives as potential anticancer agents: synthesis, in silico docking, bioevaluation, and molecular dynamic simulation. Drug Des Devel Ther 2019; 13:1643-1657. [PMID: 31190743 PMCID: PMC6524612 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s178595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The amide derivatives of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been reported to possess antitumor activity. The present work describes the synthesis of dexibuprofen amide analogues (4a-j) as potential anticancer agents. METHODS The title amides (4a-j) were obtained by simple nucleophilic substitution reaction of dexibuprofen acid chloride with substituted amines in good yield and chemical structures were confirmed by FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectral data. RESULTS The brine shrimp lethality assay results showed that all of the synthesized compounds are non-toxic to shrimp larvae. The inhibitory effects on tumor growth were evaluated and it was observed that N-(2,5-dichlorophenyl)-2-(4-isobutylphenyl) propionamide (4e) and N-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-isobutylphenyl) propionamide (4g) exhibited excellent antitumor activity compared to all other derivatives. The compound 4e bearing 2,5-dichloro substituted phenyl ring and 4g possesses 2-chloro substituted phenyl ring exhibited 100% inhibition of the tumor growth. The anticancer activity was evaluated against breast carcinoma cell line (MCF-7) and it was observed that derivative 4e exhibited excellent growth inhibition of cancer cells with IC50 value of 0.01±0.002 µm, which is better than the standard drugs. The docking studies against breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein BRCA1 (PDBID 3K0H) exhibited good binding affinities, which are in good agreement with the wet lab results. The compounds 4e and 4g showed the binding energy values of -6.39 and -6.34 Kcal/mol, respectively. The molecular dynamic (MD) simulation was also carried out to evaluate the residual flexibility of the best docking complexes of compounds 4e and 4g. The MD simulation analysis assured that the 4e formed a more stable complex with the target protein than the 4g. The synthesized amide derivatives exhibited were devoid of gastrointestinal side effects and no cytotoxic effects against human normal epithelial breast cell line (MCF-12A) were found. CONCLUSION Based upon our wet lab and dry lab findings we propose that dexibuprofen analogue 4e may serve as a lead structure for the design of more potent anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaman Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Mahmood
- Department of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mubashir Hassan
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Samina Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakria University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Hummera Rafique
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Khurram Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakria University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Jalifah Latip
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences & Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia,
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Arshad N, Zafran M, Ashraf Z, Perveen F. Synthesis, characterization of amide substituted dexibuprofen derivatives and their spectral, voltammetric and docking investigations for DNA binding interactions. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 169:134-147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Farrag AM. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Indomethacin Derivatives as Potential Anti-Colon Cancer Agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2016; 349:904-914. [PMID: 27862196 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201600238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The molecular structure of indomethacin was used as a starting scaffold for the synthesis of 20 novel analogs and to study their effects on the proliferation of three human colon cancer cell lines, HCT-116, HT-29, and Caco-2, by MTT assay. The synthesized indomethacin analogs were characterized on the basis of IR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, mass spectral data, and elemental analysis results. Cytotoxicity assay results showed that the indomethacin amide analog 2 was the most potent anticancer agent (IC50 = 0.78, 0.09, and 0.0127 μg/mL) against the three colon cancer cell lines, respectively, being more potent than the standard 5-fluorouracil (IC50 = 1.8, 0.75, and 5.45 μg/mL). Interestingly, the indomethacin oxazin analog 3 and the indomethacin amide analog 8 displayed very potent anticancer activity against the HCT-116 cell line with IC50 = 0.421 and 0.27 μg/mL, respectively, much better than the reference (IC50 = 1.8 μg/mL). Additionally, analogs 3, 4b, 11, 12c, and 13a exhibited excellent antitumor activity against Caco-2 cells, with IC50 ranging from 1.5 to 4.5 μg/mL. Furthermore, analogs 2 and 8 were additionally examined for their effect on the cell cycle of HCT-116 and HT-29 cells, respectively, using flow cytometric analysis. Analog 2 arrested the cell cycle of HT-29 cells at the S phase, while 8 was found to arrest the cell cycle of HCT-116 cells at the G0/G1 phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Mostafa Farrag
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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Sancho SC, Olson SL, Young So E, Shimomura K, Ouchi T, Preuss F. Fibersol-2 induces apoptosis of Apc-deficient colorectal Cancer (SW480) cells and decreases polyp formation in Apc MIN mice. Cancer Biol Ther 2016; 17:657-63. [PMID: 27143108 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2016.1177685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of dietary fibers has been implicated with a lowered risk of human colorectal cancer. Proposed mechanisms involve alterations in the stool consistency, transit time, and formation of short-chain fatty acid by dietary fiber fermentation, and the reorganization of gut microbiota. Here we show that Fibersol-2, a digest-resistant maltodextrin, not only inhibits proliferation of colorectal SW480 cancer cell lines by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS), but decreases the numbers of the adenoma count in Multiple Intestinal Neoplasia (MIN) mice carrying a mutation in the Adenomatous Polyposis Coli gene by 84 d of age. These observations provide direct evidence that Fibersol-2 intrinsically contains anti-cancer activity, independent of the intestinal metabolism and any potential interactions with the microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cuesta Sancho
- a Department of Cancer Genetics , Roswell Park Cancer Institute , Buffalo , NY , USA
| | - Susan Losee Olson
- b Deparment of Biological Sciences , University of Wisconsin Parkside , Kenosha , WI , USA
| | - Eui Young So
- a Department of Cancer Genetics , Roswell Park Cancer Institute , Buffalo , NY , USA
| | | | - Toru Ouchi
- a Department of Cancer Genetics , Roswell Park Cancer Institute , Buffalo , NY , USA
| | - Fabian Preuss
- b Deparment of Biological Sciences , University of Wisconsin Parkside , Kenosha , WI , USA
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Elimrani I, Dionne S, Saragosti D, Qureshi I, Levy E, Delvin E, Seidman EG. Acetylcarnitine potentiates the anticarcinogenic effects of butyrate on SW480 colon cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:755-63. [PMID: 26043725 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Butyrate is a potent anticarcinogenic compound against colon cancer cells in vitro. However, its rapid metabolism is hypothesized to limit its anticancer benefits in colonic epithelial cells. Carnitine, a potent antioxidant, is essential to fatty acid oxidation. The aims of this study were to identify a colon cancer cell line capable of transporting carnitine. We evaluated the effect of carnitine and acetylcarnitine (ALCAR) on the response of colon carcinoma cells to butyrate. We explored the mechanisms underlying the anticarcinogenic benefit. SW480 cells were incubated with butyrate ± carnitine or ALCAR. Carnitine uptake was assessed using [3H]-carnitine. Apoptosis and cell viability were assessed using an ELISA kit and flow cytometry, respectively. Modulation of proteins implicated in carnitine transport, cell death and proliferation were assessed by western blotting. SW480 cells were found to transport carnitine primarily via the OCTN2 transporter. Butyrate induced SW480 cell death occurred at concentrations of 2 mM and higher. Cells treated with the combination of butyrate (3 mM) with ALCAR exhibited increased mortality. The addition of carnitine or ALCAR also increased butyrate-induced apoptosis. Butyrate increased levels of cyclin D1, p21 and PARP p86, but decreased Bcl-XL and survivin levels. Butyrate also downregulated dephospho-β-catenin and increased acetylated histone H4 levels. Butyrate and carnitine decreased survivin levels by ≥25%. ALCAR independently induced a 20% decrease in p21. These results demonstrate that butyrate and ALCAR are potentially beneficial anticarcinogenic nutrients that inhibit colon cancer cell survival in vitro. The combination of both agents may have superior anticarcinogenic properties than butyrate alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihsan Elimrani
- Division of Gastroenterology, Research Institute, McGill University Health Center, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Serge Dionne
- Division of Gastroenterology, Research Institute, McGill University Health Center, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dan Saragosti
- Division of Gastroenterology, Research Institute, McGill University Health Center, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ijaz Qureshi
- Sainte Justine Hospital Research Center, Departments of Nutrition and Biochemistry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Emile Levy
- Sainte Justine Hospital Research Center, Departments of Nutrition and Biochemistry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Edgar Delvin
- Sainte Justine Hospital Research Center, Departments of Nutrition and Biochemistry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ernest G Seidman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Research Institute, McGill University Health Center, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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