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Zhou Z, Li C, Wang Z, Haybaeck J, Zhang C. Cd44v6 acts as a directional responding factor in the process of transcoelomic metastasis from gastric carcinoma to Krukenberg tumor. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2023; 23:583-588. [PMID: 37409376 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2023.2223981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Due to the limited number of studies focusing on the optimal treatment of multiple Krukenberg tumor (KT)-gastric carcinoma (KT - GC), it is necessary to conduct large-scale studies to confirm the definite role of serum tumor markers in the diagnosis and prognosis of KT. Moreover, the clinical significance of variant 6 of CD44 (CD44v6) in transcoelomic metastasis should be considered. AREAS COVERED This review covers molecular pre-cancer diagnosis, gastric carcinoma metastasis, and anti-cancer treatments. Additionally, gastrointestinal cancer metastasis is a key area for improvement. EXPERT OPINION The detection of CD44v6 differs in the World Health Organization Classification of Gastric Adenocarcinoma, the Lauren Classification of Gastric Adenocarcinoma, and the anatomic location of gastric adenocarcinoma. The results were compared among the three groups. The mechanism of gastric adenocarcinoma metastasis still requires further elucidation. CD44v6 molecular detection helps clarify the pre-cancer diagnosis of KT before seeding. If subsequent studies confirm its role as a signaling molecule, it could pave the way for new research directions in clinical practice; however, additional academic confirmation is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Can Li
- Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyu Wang
- Faculty of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Johannes Haybaeck
- Institute of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Cuiwei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, P.R. China
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Lionetti R, DE Luca M, Raffone A, Travaglino A, Coppellotti A, Peltrini R, Bracale U, D'Ambra M, Insabato L, Zullo F, D'Armiento M, Corcione F. Clinics and pathology of Krukenberg tumor: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Minerva Obstet Gynecol 2022; 74:356-363. [PMID: 33944524 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-606x.21.04797-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Krukenberg tumor (KT) is defined as a secondary neoplasm of the ovary. While ovarian metastases account for about 30% of ovarian tumors, KTs are rare, accounting for about 1-2% of the total. The rarity of KT is at least in part responsible for the lack of a precise clinic-pathological characterization of these tumors. Clinically, KT may have a subtle clinical presentation, with few symptomatic manifestations and nonspecific clinical signs, even though in literature there is disagreement about the clinical presentation of these patients; such difficulties in the diagnostic framework often leads to a delayed diagnosis with serious consequences on the patient outcome. We aimed to provide a clinico-pathological characterization of Krukenberg Tumor (KT) through a systematic review and meta-analysis to improve the diagnosis and management of KT. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Electronic databases were searched for all studies assessing clinico-pathological features of KT series. Pooled prevalence of each clinical or pathological factor was calculated according to the random-effect model. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Forty-eight studies with 3025 KT patients were included; 39.7% of patients were ≥50 and 39.8% were postmenopausal. The most common primary tumor sites were stomach (42.5%), colon-rectum (26.1%), breast (9.3%), and appendix (5%); 48.7% of KTs were synchronous with the primary tumor, 64.3% were bilateral, 40.5% had a diameter ≥10 cm; 55.3% showed extraovarian extent and 49% showed peritoneal involvement. The most common presenting symptoms were ascites (51.7%), palpable mass (31.3%), pain (29.3%), abdominal distention (28.7%), irregular bleeding (9.1%), asymptomatic (11.2%). CONCLUSIONS KT shows a highly variable presentation. Understanding the prevalence of clinico-pathological factors may be helpful to improve the diagnosis and management of KT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruggero Lionetti
- Service of Minimally Invasive Oncological and General Surgery, Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marcello DE Luca
- Service of Minimally Invasive Oncological and General Surgery, Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy -
| | - Antonio Raffone
- Service of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Travaglino
- Service of Pathological Anatomy, Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Coppellotti
- Service of Minimally Invasive Oncological and General Surgery, Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Peltrini
- Service of Minimally Invasive Oncological and General Surgery, Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Umberto Bracale
- Service of Minimally Invasive Oncological and General Surgery, Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele D'Ambra
- Service of Minimally Invasive Oncological and General Surgery, Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Insabato
- Service of Minimally Invasive Oncological and General Surgery, Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Fulvio Zullo
- Service of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria D'Armiento
- Service of Minimally Invasive Oncological and General Surgery, Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Corcione
- Service of Minimally Invasive Oncological and General Surgery, Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Li B, Wang XL. Effective treatment of polydatin weakens the symptoms of collagen-induced arthritis in mice through its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects and the activation of MMP-9. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:5357-5362. [PMID: 27840936 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Polydatin is a natural extract used in traditional Chinese medicine, which leads to a marked improvement in the microcirculation perfusion and enhances the animal myocardial contraction force. The present study aimed to determine whether an effective treatment of polydatin ameliorates the symptoms of collagen‑induced arthritis (CIA), and also to explore the potential mechanism. Male DBA/1J mice were induced into CIA model mice. The administration of polydatin effectively suppressed CIA in mice. The serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), tumor necrosis factor‑α (TNF‑α) and interleukin 1β (IL‑1β) were effectively increased following the induction of CIA in the model mice compared with the control group. The elevated serum levels of MDA, SOD, TNF‑α and IL‑1β were markedly suppressed by the effective treatment of polydatin in CIA mice, compared with the CIA model group. However, an increase in the level of matrix metalloproteinase‑9 (MMP‑9) was markedly induced in the CIA mice compared with the control group. As compared with the CIA group, the expression of MMP‑9 was substantially reduced by the effective treatment of polydatin. Taken together, the effective treatment of polydatin ameliorated the symptoms of CIA through an exertion of its antioxidative and anti‑inflammatory effects, and also via activation of the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Pediatric Surgery of Second People's Hospital of Liaocheng City, Linqing, Shandong 252600, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Li Wang
- Pediatric Surgery of Second People's Hospital of Liaocheng City, Linqing, Shandong 252600, P.R. China
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Vázquez García H, López Arias A, Salazar Campos JE, Montiel DP, Villavicencio Valencia V, Cantú de León D. Tumores metastásicos de ovario. Un reto diagnóstico y terapéutico. GACETA MEXICANA DE ONCOLOGÍA 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gamo.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Li LN, Zhou X, Gu Y, Yan J. Prognostic value of MMP-9 in ovarian cancer: a meta-analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 14:4107-13. [PMID: 23991961 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.7.4107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9) plays an important role in tumor cell invasion. Although it has been studied frequently in ovarian cancer, its prognostic impact is still equivocal. The aim of this study was to more precisely estimate its prognostic significance. METHOD We searched Pubmed, Embase, OVID, Sciencedirect and CBM databases to identify eligible studies. Hazard ratios (HRs) or odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were pooled across studies using fixed-effects or random-effects models. We also performed subgroup analysis. RESULTS 30 studies (n=2552 patients) focusing on prognosis or expression of MM-9 were included. Increased expression of MMP-9 was associated with poor prognosis in ovarian cancer patients (HR=1.68, 95%CI 1.09-2.59, p=0.02). Besides, MMP-9 expression in ovarian cancer was significantly higher than non-malignant tumors (OR=11.46, 95%CI 8.47-15.50, P<0.00001). Moreover, increased expression of MMP-9 was significantly associated with FIGO stage (OR=4.85, 95%CI 2.60-9.04, P<0.00001), grade of differentiation (OR=3.34, 95%CI 2.46-4.54, P<0.00001), lymph node metastasis (OR=5.75, 95%CI 3.71-8.92, P<0.00001) and there was no association with histological type of ovarian cancer. CONCLUSIONS Increased expression of MMP- 9 was associated with poor prognosis in ovarian cancer patients. Down-regulation of MMP-9 is an attractive therapeutic approach which might improve outcome of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Na Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang, China
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Li ZM, Pu YW, Zhu BS. Blockade of NF-κB nuclear translocation results in the inhibition of the invasiveness of human gastric cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2013; 6:432-436. [PMID: 24137341 PMCID: PMC3789044 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 inhibitor, SN50, on the invasiveness and mechanisms of SGC7901 human gastric carcinoma cell xenografts in nude mice. Nude mice were randomly divided into model control and SN50 treatment groups. On days 5, 10 and 15 following treatment, the tumor samples were observed and a selection of parameters were recorded, including the level of tumor growth inhibition, the pathological changes in the tumor specimens, the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases type-1 (TIMP-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the apoptosis indices in the tumor samples. The results demonstrated that treating the tumor with SN50 for 5, 10 and 15 days inhibited carcinoma growth in comparison with the control group. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining indicated that the level of inhibition increased progressively, in correlation with apoptosis. The expression of the MMP-9, PCNA and VEGF proteins was observed to be downregulated, while that of the TIMP-1 protein was shown to be upregulated, using immunohistochemical staining. In conclusion, the NF-κB p65 inhibitor, SN50, inhibited the invasiveness of the gastric cancer cells by downregulating the protein expression of MMP-9, PCNA and VEGF and upregulating the protein expression of TIMP-1. It was further suggested that SN50 may be a molecular target of anti-invasion therapy for gastric cancer, and that the inhibition of the NF-κB p65 signaling pathway may be considered as a potential strategy for treating gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Min Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Wujiang Affiliated Hospital, Nantong University, Wujiang, Jiangsu 215200, P.R. China
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Chen J, Li T, Wu Y, He L, Zhang L, Shi T, Yi Z, Liu M, Pang X. Prognostic significance of vascular endothelial growth factor expression in gastric carcinoma: a meta-analysis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2011; 137:1799-812. [PMID: 21918901 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-011-1057-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to comprehensively and quantitatively summarize available evidences for the use of VEGF protein to evaluate the clinicopathological and prognostic role of VEGF expression in Asian patients with gastric cancer. METHOD Searches were applied to MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library databases until June 2010, without language restrictions. A meta-analysis was performed to clarify the impact of VEGF expression on clinicopathological parameters or over survival (OS) in gastric cancer. RESULTS Our combined results showed that VEGF expression in Asian patients with gastric cancer was significantly higher in the case-control studies (1,194 patients and 1,618 controls) (odds ratio [OR] = 112.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 64.12-197.06). All the analyses estimated favored a stronger link between the high VEGF expression and the poor 5-year overall survival (1,236 patients) (risk ratio [RR] = 2.45, 95% CI = 2.11-2.83, P = 0.000). When stratifying the studies by the pathological variables, the depth of invasion (3,094 patients) (OR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.40-2.71, P = 0.000), lymph node metastasis (3,240 patients) (OR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.29-2.57, P = 0.001), distant metastasis (1,980 patients) (OR = 2.76, 95% CI = 1.22-6.25, P = 0.015), vascular invasion (1,803 patients) (OR = 2.61, 95% CI = 2.09-3.27, P = 0.000), and TNM stage (1,819 patients) (OR = 1.92, 95% CI = 1.57-2.36, P = 0.000) provided significant prognostic information. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that VEGF can potently predict the overall survival in Asian patients with gastric cancer. Importantly, VEGF may be converted from candidate to the routine clinical setting for clinicians to predict the outcome of single patient with gastric carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- The Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
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Xing CG, Zhu BS, Fan XQ, Liu HH, Hou X, Zhao K, Qin ZH. Effects of LY294002 on the invasiveness of human gastric cancer in vivo in nude mice. World J Gastroenterol 2009; 15:5044-52. [PMID: 19859997 PMCID: PMC2768883 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.15.5044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effects of class I phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 on the invasiveness and related mechanisms of implanted tumors of SGC7901 human gastric carcinoma cells in nude mice.
METHODS: Nude mice were randomly divided into model control groups and LY294002 treatment groups. On days 5, 10 and 15 after treatment, the inhibitory rate of tumor growth, pathological changes in tumor specimens, expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, CD34 [representing microvessel density (MVD)] and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), as well as apoptosis indexes in tumor samples were observed.
RESULTS: In this study, we showed that treating the tumors with LY294002 could significantly inhibit carcinoma growth by 11.3%, 29.4% and 36.7%, after 5, 10 and 15 d, respectively, compared to the control group. Hematoxylin & eosin staining indicated that the rate of inhibition increased progressively (23.51% ± 3.11%, 43.20% ± 3.27% and 63.28% ± 2.10% at 5, 10 and 15 d, respectively) along with apoptosis. The expression of MMP-2 was also downregulated (from 71.4% ± 1.6% to 47.9% ± 0.7%, 31.9% ± 0.9% and 7.9% ± 0.7%). The same effects were observed in MMP-9 protein expression (from 49.4% ± 1.5% to 36.9% ± 0.4%, 23.5% ± 0.9% and 7.7% ± 0.6%), the mean MVD (from 51.2% ± 3.1% to 41.9% ± 1.5%, 30.9% ± 1.7% and 14.9% ± 0.8%), and the expression of VEGF (from 47.2% ± 3.1% to 25.9% ± 0.5%, 18.6% ± 1.2% and 5.1% ± 0.9%) by immunohistochemical staining.
CONCLUSION: The class I PI3K inhibitor LY294002 could inhibit the invasiveness of gastric cancer cells by downregulating the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, and VEGF, and reducing MVD.
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Li XR, Yang ZF, Yi JL. Expression of CD44v6 and vascular endothelial growth factor in hepatocellular carcinoma after transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoembolization. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2006; 14:1305-1308. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v14.i13.1305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and CD44v6 in the recurrence and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after transcatheter hepatic arterial chemoembolization (TACE).
METHODS: The expression of CD44v6 and VEGF in 29 HCC samples obtained from the patients underwent secondary hepatectomy after TACE was examined by immunohistochemical staining and morphometric analysis. HCC samples (n = 30) obtained from the patients without TACE were used as the control group.
RESULTS: The value of VEGF absorbance in the TACE group was 0.149 ± 0.021, significantly higher than that in the controls (0.134 ± 0.018, P < 0.05). The positive rate of CD44v6 expression was 82.8% and 66.7% in the TACE group and control group, respectively, without significant difference between them (P > 0.05). The numbers of CD44v6 positive cells were also not markedly different between the two groups (112.4 ± 22.3 vs 102.4 ± 21.2, P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION: VEGF may take part in the recurrence and metastasis of HCC after TACE, while CD44v6 may not.
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