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Belluardo N, Mudò G, Di Liberto V, Frinchi M, Condorelli DF, Traversa U, Ciruela F, Ciccarelli R, Di Iorio P, Giuliani P. Investigating the Role of Guanosine on Human Neuroblastoma Cell Differentiation and the Underlying Molecular Mechanisms. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:658806. [PMID: 33986683 PMCID: PMC8111303 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.658806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma arises from neural crest cell precursors failing to complete the process of differentiation. Thus, agents helping tumor cells to differentiate into normal cells can represent a valid therapeutic strategy. Here, we evaluated whether guanosine (GUO), a natural purine nucleoside, which is able to induce differentiation of many cell types, may cause the differentiation of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and the molecular mechanisms involved. We found that GUO, added to the cell culture medium, promoted neuron-like cell differentiation in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. This effect was mainly due to an extracellular GUO action since nucleoside transporter inhibitors reduced but not abolished it. Importantly, GUO-mediated neuron-like cell differentiation was independent of adenosine receptor activation as it was not altered by the blockade of these receptors. Noteworthy, the neuritogenic activity of GUO was not affected by blocking the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway, while it was reduced by inhibitors of protein kinase C or soluble guanylate cyclase. Furthermore, the inhibitor of the enzyme heme oxygenase-1 but not that of nitric oxide synthase reduced GUO-induced neurite outgrowth. Interestingly, we found that GUO was largely metabolized into guanine by the purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) enzyme released from cells. Taken together, our results suggest that GUO, promoting neuroblastoma cell differentiation, may represent a potential therapeutic agent; however, due to its spontaneous extracellular metabolism, the role played by the GUO-PNP-guanine system needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natale Belluardo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Mudò
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Liberto
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Monica Frinchi
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniele F Condorelli
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Ugo Traversa
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Francisco Ciruela
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Neuropharmacology and Pain Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Renata Ciccarelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, CAST, "G. D'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Patrizia Di Iorio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, CAST, "G. D'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Patricia Giuliani
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, CAST, "G. D'Annunzio" University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
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Tasca CI, Lanznaster D, Oliveira KA, Fernández-Dueñas V, Ciruela F. Neuromodulatory Effects of Guanine-Based Purines in Health and Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:376. [PMID: 30459558 PMCID: PMC6232889 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of guanine-based purines (GBPs) is mostly attributed to the intracellular modulation of heteromeric and monomeric G proteins. However, extracellular effects of guanine derivatives have also been recognized. Thus, in the central nervous system (CNS), a guanine-based purinergic system that exerts neuromodulator effects, has been postulated. The thesis that GBPs are neuromodulators emerged from in vivo and in vitro studies, in which neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects of these kinds of molecules (i.e., guanosine) were demonstrated. GBPs induce several important biological effects in rodent models and have been shown to reduce seizures and pain, stabilize mood disorder behavior and protect against gliomas and diseases related with aging, such as ischemia or Parkinson and Alzheimer diseases. In vitro studies to evaluate the protective and trophic effects of guanosine, and of the nitrogenous base guanine, have been fundamental for understanding the mechanisms of action of GBPs, as well as the signaling pathways involved in their biological roles. Conversely, although selective binding sites for guanosine have been identified in the rat brain, GBP receptors have not been still described. In addition, GBP neuromodulation may depend on the capacity of GBPs to interact with well-known membrane proteins in glutamatergic and adenosinergic systems. Overall, in this review article, we present up-to-date GBP biology, focusing mainly on the mechanisms of action that may lead to the neuromodulator role of GBPs observed in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla I Tasca
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Débora Lanznaster
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.,UMR 1253, Team 2, INSERM/University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Karen A Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Victor Fernández-Dueñas
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Ciruela
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Uram Ł, Nizioł J, Maj P, Sobich J, Rode W, Ruman T. N(4)-[B-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan)methyl]-2'-deoxycytidine as a potential boron delivery agent with respect to glioblastoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:749-755. [PMID: 28888921 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a central nervous system tumor of grade IV, according to the WHO classification, extremely resistant to all currently used forms of therapy, including resection, radiotherapy, chemotherapy or combined therapy. Therefore, more effective treatment strategies of this tumor are needed, with boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) being a potential solution, provided a proper cancer cells-targeted 10B delivery agent is found. In search of such an agent, toxicity and capacity to target DNA of a boronated derivative of 2'-deoxycytidine, N(4)-[B-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan)methyl]-2'-deoxycytidine (1), was tested against human tumor vs. normal cells. The present in vitro results revealed 1 to show low toxicity for human U-118 MG glioma cells (in the mM range) and even by 3-4 - fold lower against normal human fibroblasts. In accord, induction of apoptosis dependent on caspase-3 and caspase-7 was detected at high (>20mM) concentration of 1. Although demonstrated to be susceptible to phosphorylation by human deoxycytidine kinase and to undergo incorporation in cellular DNA, the boron analogue did not disturb cell proliferation when applied at non-toxic concentrations and showed low toxicity to a model metazoan organism, Caenorhabditis elegans. Thus, N(4)-[B-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan)methyl]-2'-deoxycytidine appears a promising candidate for a 10B delivery agent to be used in BNCT, with C. elegans indicated as a good model for in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Uram
- Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszów University of Technology, 6 Powstańców Warszawy Ave, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland.
| | - Joanna Nizioł
- Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszów University of Technology, 6 Powstańców Warszawy Ave, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Piotr Maj
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology,3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Sobich
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology,3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Rode
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology,3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Ruman
- Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszów University of Technology, 6 Powstańców Warszawy Ave, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
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Oliveira KA, Dal-Cim TA, Lopes FG, Nedel CB, Tasca CI. Guanosine promotes cytotoxicity via adenosine receptors and induces apoptosis in temozolomide-treated A172 glioma cells. Purinergic Signal 2017; 13:305-318. [PMID: 28536931 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-017-9562-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are a malignant tumor group whose patients have survival rates around 12 months. Among the treatments are the alkylating agents as temozolomide (TMZ), although gliomas have shown multiple resistance mechanisms for chemotherapy. Guanosine (GUO) is an endogenous nucleoside involved in extracellular signaling that presents neuroprotective effects and also shows the effect of inducing differentiation in cancer cells. The chemotherapy allied to adjuvant drugs are being suggested as a novel approach in gliomas treatment. In this way, this study evaluated whether GUO presented cytotoxic effects on human glioma cells as well as GUO effects in association with a classical chemotherapeutic compound, TMZ. Classical parameters of tumor aggressiveness, as alterations on cell viability, type of cell death, migration, and parameters of glutamatergic transmission, were evaluated. GUO (500 and 1000 μM) decreases the A172 glioma cell viability after 24, 48, or 72 h of treatment. TMZ alone or GUO plus TMZ also reduced glioma cell viability similarly. GUO combined with TMZ showed a potentiation effect of increasing apoptosis in A172 glioma cells, and a similar pattern was observed in reducing mitochondrial membrane potential. GUO per se did not elevate the acidic vesicular organelles occurrence, but TMZ or GUO plus TMZ increased this autophagy hallmark. GUO did not alter glutamate transport per se, but it prevented TMZ-induced glutamate release. GUO or TMZ did not alter glutamine synthetase activity. Pharmacological blockade of glutamate receptors did not change GUO effect on glioma viability. GUO cytotoxicity was partially prevented by adenosine receptor (A1R and A2AR) ligands. These results point to a cytotoxic effect of GUO on A172 glioma cells and suggest an anticancer effect of GUO as a putative adjuvant treatment, whose mechanism needs to be unraveled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Tharine A Dal-Cim
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Flávia G Lopes
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Cláudia B Nedel
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.,Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Carla Inês Tasca
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil. .,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil. .,Departamento de Bioquímica, CCB, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
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5
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Nizioł J, Uram Ł, Szuster M, Sekuła J, Ruman T. Biological activity of N(4)-boronated derivatives of 2'-deoxycytidine, potential agents for boron-neutron capture therapy. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:6297-304. [PMID: 26344594 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Boron-neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a binary anticancer therapy that requires boron compound for nuclear reaction during which high energy alpha particles and lithium nuclei are formed. Unnatural, boron-containing nucleoside with hydrophobic pinacol moiety was investigated as a potential BNCT boron delivery agent. Biological properties of this compound are presented for the first time and prove that boron nucleoside has low cytotoxicity and that observed apoptotic effects suggest alteration of important functions of cancer cells. Mass spectrometry analysis of DNA from cancer cells proved that boron nucleoside is inserted into nucleic acids as a functional nucleotide derivative. NMR studies present very high degree of similarity of natural dG-dC base pair with dG-boron nucleoside system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Nizioł
- Rzeszów University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, 6 Powstańców Warszawy Ave., 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Łukasz Uram
- Rzeszów University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, 6 Powstańców Warszawy Ave., 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Magdalena Szuster
- Rzeszów University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, 6 Powstańców Warszawy Ave., 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Justyna Sekuła
- Rzeszów University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, 6 Powstańców Warszawy Ave., 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Tomasz Ruman
- Rzeszów University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, 6 Powstańców Warszawy Ave., 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland.
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