1
|
Kpeglo D, Haddrick M, Knowles MA, Evans SD, Peyman SA. Modelling and breaking down the biophysical barriers to drug delivery in pancreatic cancer. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:854-868. [PMID: 38240720 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00660c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
The pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) stroma and its inherent biophysical barriers to drug delivery are central to therapeutic resistance. This makes PDAC the most prevalent pancreatic cancer with poor prognosis. The chemotherapeutic drug gemcitabine is used against various solid tumours, including pancreatic cancer, but with only a modest effect on patient survival. The growing PDAC tumour mass with high densities of cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, i.e., collagen, results in high interstitial pressure, leading to vasculature collapse and a dense, hypoxic, mechanically stiff stroma with reduced interstitial flow, critical to drug delivery to cells. Despite this, most drug studies are performed on cellular models that neglect these biophysical barriers to drug delivery. Microfluidic technology offers a promising platform to emulate tumour biophysical characteristics with appropriate flow conditions and transport dynamics. We present a microfluidic PDAC culture model, encompassing the disease's biophysical barriers to therapeutics, to evaluate the use of the angiotensin II receptor blocker losartan, which has been found to have matrix-depleting properties, on improving gemcitabine efficacy. PDAC cells were seeded into our 5-channel microfluidic device for a 21-day culture to mimic the rigid, collagenous PDAC stroma with reduced interstitial flow, which is critical to drug delivery to the cancer cells, and for assessment with gemcitabine and losartan treatment. With losartan, our culture matrix was more porous with less collagen, resulting in increased hydraulic conductivity of the culture interstitial space and improved gemcitabine effect. We demonstrate the importance of modelling tumour biophysical barriers to successfully assess new drugs and delivery methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Delanyo Kpeglo
- Molecular and Nanoscale Physics Group, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, LS2 9 JT, UK.
| | - Malcolm Haddrick
- Medicines Discovery Catapult, Block 35, Mereside Alderley Park, Alderley Edge, SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Margaret A Knowles
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's (LIMR), School of Medicine, University of Leeds, LS2 9 JT, UK
| | - Stephen D Evans
- Molecular and Nanoscale Physics Group, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, LS2 9 JT, UK.
| | - Sally A Peyman
- Molecular and Nanoscale Physics Group, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, LS2 9 JT, UK.
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's (LIMR), School of Medicine, University of Leeds, LS2 9 JT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Amirkhosravi A, Heidari MR, Karami-Mohajeri S, Torshabi M, Mandegary A, Mehrabani M. Losartan enhances the suppressive effect of pirfenidone on the bleomycin-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and oxidative stress in A549 cell line. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 26:972-978. [PMID: 37427320 PMCID: PMC10329237 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2023.68982.15035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal lung disease. Despite the promising anti-fibrotic effect, the toleration of pirfenidone (PFD) by the patients in full dose is low. Combination therapy is a method for enhancing the therapeutic efficiency of PFD and decreasing its dose. Therefore, the present study evaluated the effect of a combination of losartan (LOS) and PFD on oxidative stress parameters and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process induced by bleomycin (BLM) in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. Materials and Methods The non-toxic concentrations of BLM, LOS, and PFD were assessed by the MTT assay. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and anti-oxidant enzyme activity including catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were assessed after co-treatment. Migration and western blot assays were used to evaluate EMT in BLM-exposed A549 after single or combined treatments. Results The combination treatment exhibited a remarkable decrease in cellular migration compared with both single and BLM-exposed groups. Furthermore, the combination treatment significantly improved cellular anti-oxidant markers compared with the BLM-treated group. Moreover, combined therapy markedly increased epithelial markers while decreasing mesenchymal markers. Conclusion This in vitro study revealed that the combination of PFD with LOS might be more protective in pulmonary fibrosis (PF) than single therapy because of its greater efficacy in regulating the EMT process and oxidative stress. The current results might offer a promising therapeutic strategy for the future clinical therapy of lung fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arian Amirkhosravi
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Heidari
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Somayyeh Karami-Mohajeri
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Torshabi
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mandegary
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Mehrabani
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
De Lellis L, Veschi S, Tinari N, Mokini Z, Carradori S, Brocco D, Florio R, Grassadonia A, Cama A. Drug Repurposing, an Attractive Strategy in Pancreatic Cancer Treatment: Preclinical and Clinical Updates. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3946. [PMID: 34439102 PMCID: PMC8394389 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13163946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the deadliest malignancies worldwide, since patients rarely display symptoms until an advanced and unresectable stage of the disease. Current chemotherapy options are unsatisfactory and there is an urgent need for more effective and less toxic drugs to improve the dismal PC therapy. Repurposing of non-oncology drugs in PC treatment represents a very promising therapeutic option and different compounds are currently being considered as candidates for repurposing in the treatment of this tumor. In this review, we provide an update on some of the most promising FDA-approved, non-oncology, repurposed drug candidates that show prominent clinical and preclinical data in pancreatic cancer. We also focus on proposed mechanisms of action and known molecular targets that they modulate in PC. Furthermore, we provide an explorative bioinformatic analysis, which suggests that some of the PC repurposed drug candidates have additional, unexplored, oncology-relevant targets. Finally, we discuss recent developments regarding the immunomodulatory role displayed by some of these drugs, which may expand their potential application in synergy with approved anticancer immunomodulatory agents that are mostly ineffective as single agents in PC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura De Lellis
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (S.V.); (S.C.); (D.B.); (R.F.)
| | - Serena Veschi
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (S.V.); (S.C.); (D.B.); (R.F.)
| | - Nicola Tinari
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (N.T.); (A.G.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology—CAST, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Zhirajr Mokini
- European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care (ESAIC) Mentorship Programme, ESAIC, 24 Rue des Comédiens, BE-1000 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (S.V.); (S.C.); (D.B.); (R.F.)
| | - Davide Brocco
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (S.V.); (S.C.); (D.B.); (R.F.)
| | - Rosalba Florio
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (S.V.); (S.C.); (D.B.); (R.F.)
| | - Antonino Grassadonia
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (N.T.); (A.G.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology—CAST, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cama
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (S.V.); (S.C.); (D.B.); (R.F.)
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology—CAST, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cannon A, Thompson CM, Bhatia R, Armstrong KA, Solheim JC, Kumar S, Batra SK. Molecular mechanisms of pancreatic myofibroblast activation in chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J Gastroenterol 2021; 56:689-703. [PMID: 34279724 PMCID: PMC9052363 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-021-01800-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic fibrosis (PF) is an essential component of the pathobiology of chronic pancreatitis (CP) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Activated pancreatic myofibroblasts (PMFs) are crucial for the deposition of the extracellular matrix, and fibrotic reaction in response to sustained signaling. Consequently, understanding of the molecular mechanisms of PMF activation is not only critical for understanding CP and PDAC biology but is also a fertile area of research for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for pancreatic pathologies. This review analyzes the key signaling events that drive PMF activation including, initiating signals from transforming growth factor-β1, platelet derived growth factor, as well as other microenvironmental cues, like hypoxia and extracellular matrix rigidity. Further, we discussed the intracellular signal events contributing to PMF activation, and crosstalk with different components of tumor microenvironment. Additionally, association of epidemiologically established risk factors for CP and PDAC, like alcohol intake, tobacco exposure, and metabolic factors with PMF activation, is discussed to comprehend the role of lifestyle factors on pancreatic pathologies. Overall, this analysis provides insight into the biology of PMF activation and highlights salient features of this process, which offer promising therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Cannon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Christopher Michael Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Rakesh Bhatia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | | | - Joyce Christopher Solheim
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA,Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Surinder Kumar Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA,Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Avsar T, Yigit BN, Turan G, Altunsu D, Calis S, Kurt B, Kilic T, Yavuz Ergun M, Durdagi S, Acar M. Development of imidazolone based angiotensin II receptor type I inhibitor small molecule as a chemotherapeutic agent for cell cycle inhibition. ALL LIFE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2021.1954098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Timucin Avsar
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Neuroscience Program, Health Sciences Institute, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Health Sciences Institute, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Berfu Nur Yigit
- Neuroscience Program, Health Sciences Institute, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Health Sciences Institute, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gizem Turan
- Neuroscience Program, Health Sciences Institute, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Health Sciences Institute, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Deniz Altunsu
- Neuroscience Program, Health Sciences Institute, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Health Sciences Institute, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seyma Calis
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Health Sciences Institute, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Graduate School of Science, Engineering and Technology, Molecular Biology, Genetics and Biotechnology Graduate Program, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bahar Kurt
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Health Sciences Institute, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Turker Kilic
- Neuroscience Program, Health Sciences Institute, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Health Sciences Institute, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M. Yavuz Ergun
- Department of Chemistry, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Serdar Durdagi
- Neuroscience Program, Health Sciences Institute, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Biophysics, Computational Biology and Molecular Simulations Laboratory, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melih Acar
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Health Sciences Institute, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cho MA, Jeong SY, Sohn I, Kim MS, Kang JH, Paik ES, Lee YY, Choi CH. Impact of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers, Beta Blockers, Calcium Channel Blockers and Thiazide Diuretics on Survival of Ovarian Cancer Patients. Cancer Res Treat 2020; 52:645-654. [PMID: 32019281 PMCID: PMC7176948 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2019.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We investigated the impact of four types of antihypertensive medications, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), beta blockers (BBs; both selective and non-selective), calcium channel blockers (CCBs), and thiazide diuretics (TDs) on survival outcomes in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Materials and Methods A single-institutional retrospective chart review of 878 patients with EOC was performed. Survival was compared according to use of the four antihypertensive medications during primary treatment. Propensity score matching (ratio 1:3) was performed to control possible associated covariates, such as age, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage, residual status after primary debulking surgery, and co-morbidity. Results Among 878 patients, 56 patients (6.4%) were ARB users, 62 (7.1%) were BB users, 107 (12.2%) were CCBs users and 32 (3.6%) used TDs. Median progression-free survival (PFS) for ARB, BB, and CCB users was 37.8, 27.2, and 23.6 months compared with 33.6 months for non-users. ARB was associated with 35% decreased risk of disease progression (hazard ratio [HR], 0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.42 to 0.99; p=0.046) in multivariate analysis. After propensity score matching, median PFS for ARB users was 37.8 months and ARB use remained to be associated with lower recurrence rate in univariate (p=0.035) and multivariate analysis (HR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.93; p=0.022). Conclusion In this study, ARBs use during primary treatment is associated with lower recurrence in EOC patients. However, CCBs, BBs, and TDs did not show beneficial impact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Ae Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Young Jeong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Insuk Sohn
- Statistics and Data Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myeong-Seon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Hyeok Kang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - E Sun Paik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoo-Young Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chel Hun Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Angiotensin II Type I Receptor Blockade Is Associated with Decreased Cutaneous Scar Formation in a Rat Model. Plast Reconstr Surg 2019; 144:803e-813e. [DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000006173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
8
|
Hall BR, Cannon A, Thompson C, Santhamma B, Chavez-Riveros A, Bhatia R, Nair HB, Nickisch K, Batra SK, Kumar S. Utilizing cell line-derived organoids to evaluate the efficacy of a novel LIFR-inhibitor, EC359 in targeting pancreatic tumor stroma. Genes Cancer 2018; 10:1-10. [PMID: 30899415 PMCID: PMC6420790 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Survival of pancreatic cancer (PC) patient is poor due to lack of effective treatment modalities, which is partly due to the presence of dense desmoplasia that impedes the delivery of chemotherapeutics. Therefore, PC stroma-targeting therapies are expected to improve the efficacy of chemotherapeutics. However, in vitro evaluation of stromal-targeted therapies requires a culture system which includes components of both tumor stroma and parenchyma. We aim to generate a cell line-derived 3D organoids to test the efficacy of stromal-targeted, LIFR-inhibitor EC359. Murine PC (FC1245) and stellate (ImPaSC) cells were cultured to generate organoids that recapitulated the histological organization of PC with the formation of ducts by epithelial cells surrounded by activated fibroblasts, as indicated by CK19 and α-SMA staining, respectively. Analysis by qRT-PCR demonstrated a significant downregulation of markers of activated stroma, POSTN, FN1, MMP9, and SPARC (p<0.0001), when treated with gemcitabine in combination with EC359. Concurrently, collagen proteins including COL1A1, COL1A2, COL3A1, and COL5A1 were significantly downregulated (p <0.0001) after treatment with gemcitabine in combination with EC359. Overall, our study demonstrates the utility of cell lines-derived 3D organoids to evaluate the efficacy of stroma-targeted therapies as well as the potential of EC359 to target activated stroma in PC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley R Hall
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of General Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Andrew Cannon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Christopher Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | | | - Rakesh Bhatia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | | | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,The Fred and Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhao X, Pan J, Li W, Yang W, Qin L, Pan Y. Gold nanoparticles enhance cisplatin delivery and potentiate chemotherapy by decompressing colorectal cancer vessels. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:6207-6221. [PMID: 30349245 PMCID: PMC6188185 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s176928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor vessels were persistently compressed by solid stress from tumor interstitial matrix, resulting in limited vessel perfusion and oxygen concentrations. Collagen within matrix participated in transmitting the solid stress to tumor vessels and limiting drug delivery. Purpose The objective of this study was to identify whether gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were able to decompress colorectal cancer vessels and enhance vessel perfusion as well as drug delivery in colorectal cancer. Methods Colorectal cancer xenograft mice were treated with AuNPs or normal saline for 14 days. The cancer stromal collagen I level, cancer vessel perfusion, hypoxia of tumor were tested by histological examination. We also test the solid stress in the two groups. Furtherly, the effect and the drug delivery of combined using AuNPs and cisplatin were tested. The effect and the underlying mechanism of AuNPs on SW620 cells were tested by CCK8, flow cytometry, Western-blot and atomic force microscope. Results AuNPs were able to decrease the density of colorectal cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs), to reduce the production of tumor stromal collagen I, and to diminish the expression of profibrotic signals, including CTGF, TGF-β1 as well as VEGF in vivo and vitro via Akt signaling pathway. Consequently, AuNPs could alleviate solid stress in tumors, subsequently leading to enhanced vessel perfusion. Therefore, cisplatin as well as oxygen delivery to tumors were improved by AuNPs, which reduced hypoxia while sensitizing therapy of cisplatin in colorectal cancer model. Conclusion AuNPs were effective agents in enhancing cisplatin delivery and potentiating inhibiting tumor growth by decompressing colorectal cancer vessels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China,
| | - Jinghua Pan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China,
| | - Wei Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China,
| | - Wende Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China,
| | - Li Qin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yunlong Pan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China,
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cerullo M, Gani F, Chen SY, Canner JK, Pawlik TM. Impact of Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Use on Overall Survival Among Patients Undergoing Resection for Pancreatic Cancer. World J Surg 2018; 41:2361-2370. [PMID: 28429090 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-017-4021-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer has higher concentrations of angiotensin II compared with other cancers. This study sought to assess the effect of angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) on survival of patients undergoing resection using a large, nationally representative dataset. METHODS Patients undergoing pancreatic cancer resection were identified in the Truven Health MarketScan database. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to assess the effect of ARB use on overall survival. RESULTS A total of 4299 patients were identified, among whom 479 (11.1%) filled a prescription for an ARB. Mean patient age was 54.5 years (SD = 8.6 years); 2187 (51.1%) were female. Exactly 49.4% (n = 2125) of patients had a Charlson comorbidity index >2 at the time of surgery (n = 2125, 49.4%) and 59.6% (n = 2563) underwent a pancreaticoduodenectomy. Kaplan-Meier estimates of survival at 1, 2, and 4 years were 62.8% (95% CI: 61.3-64.2%), 38.2% (95% CI: 36.6-39.8%), and 19.0% (95% CI: 17.1-21.0%), respectively. On multivariable analysis, ARB use was associated with a 24% decreased risk of death over the 5-year period in which patients were under observation (HR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.67-0.87, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS ARB use was associated with improved survival in patients undergoing resection of pancreatic cancer. Further research is required into the differential effect of ARBs in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Cerullo
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Faiz Gani
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sophia Y Chen
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joseph K Canner
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Timothy M Pawlik
- Department of Surgery, The Urban Meyer III and Shelley Meyer Chair for Cancer Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 395 W. 12th Avenue, Suite 670, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Allam A, Thomsen AR, Gothwal M, Saha D, Maurer J, Brunner TB. Pancreatic stellate cells in pancreatic cancer: In focus. Pancreatology 2017; 17:514-522. [PMID: 28601475 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2017.05.390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic stellate cells are stromal cells that have multiple physiological functions such as the production of extracellular matrix, stimulation of amylase secretion, phagocytosis and immunity. In pancreatic cancer, stellate cells exhibit a different myofibroblastic-like morphology with the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin, the activated form is engaged in several mechanisms that support tumorigenesis and cancer invasion and progression. In contrast to the aforementioned observations, eliminating the stromal cells that are positive for alpha-smooth muscle actin resulted in immune-evasion of the cancer cells and resulted in worse prognosis in animal models. Understanding the cancer-stromal signaling in pancreatic adenocarcinoma will provide novel strategies for therapy. Here we provide an updated review of studies that handle the topic "pancreatic stellate cells in cancer" and recent experimental approaches that can be the base for future directions in therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Allam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Department, Assiut University Hospitals, Egypt
| | - A R Thomsen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Gothwal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Saha
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - J Maurer
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T B Brunner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu R, Qi H, Wang J, Wang Y, Cui L, Wen Y, Yin C. Ulinastatin activates the renin-angiotensin system to ameliorate the pathophysiology of severe acute pancreatitis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 29:1328-37. [PMID: 24628092 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Ulinastatin is a drug used effectively to alleviate symptoms and improve the pathophysiology of various types of pancreatitis. However, the molecular mechanism responsible for its action remains unknown. Therefore, we further explore the therapeutic effects of ulinastatin and investigate possible molecular pathways modulated by this drug in the development of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). METHODS SAP mouse model was created by administering intraperitoneal injections of cerulein and lipopolysaccharide. Pancreatic injury was assessed by performing biochemical and histological assays and by measuring the inflammatory response of the pancreas. Specifically, we examined changes in the expression of components of the rennin-angiotensin system (RAS), including angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-angiotensin II (Ang II)-angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT-1R), and ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas receptor. RESULTS When SAP mouse models were treated with ulinastatin at a dosage of 50,000 U/kg body weight, we found, through biochemical and histopathological analyses, that the pancreatic injury was significantly ameliorated. Administration of ulinastatin to SAP mice led to increased expression of ACE2, Ang-(1-7), and Mas receptor, decreased expression of serum Ang II and pancreatic AT-1R, and no alterations in the expression of pancreatic ACE and Ang II when compared to cerulein-treated control group that did not receive ulinastatin. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that ulinastatin has differential effects on the two axes of the RAS during SAP. Our results further suggest that upregulation of components of the ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas pathway might be an important mechanism contributing to the therapeutic role of ulinastatin in alleviating pancreatitis-associated symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruixia Liu
- Department of Infection, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu R, Qi H, Wang J, Wang Y, Cui L, Wen Y, Yin C. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE and ACE2) imbalance correlates with the severity of cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in mice. Exp Physiol 2014; 99:651-63. [PMID: 24414175 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2013.074815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and its effector peptide angiotensin II (Ang II) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of pancreatitis. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) degrades Ang II to angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] and has recently been described to have an antagonistic effect on ACE signalling. However, the specific underlying role of ACE2 in the pathogenesis of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is unclear. In the present study, the local imbalance of ACE and ACE2, as well as Ang II and Ang-(1-7) expression, was compared in wild-type (WT) and ACE2 knock-out (KO) or ACE2 transgenic (TG) mice subjected to cerulein-induced SAP. Serum amylase, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 levels and histological morphometry were used to determine the severity of pancreatitis. In WT mice, pancreatic ACE and Ang II and serum Ang II expression increased (P < 0.05), while pancreatic ACE2 and Ang-(1-7) and serum Ang-(1-7) levels were also significantly elevated (P < 0.05) from 2 to 72 h after the onset of SAP. However, the ratio of pancreatic ACE2 to ACE expression was significantly reduced (from 1.46 ± 0.09 to 0.27 ± 0.05, P < 0.001) and paralleled the severity of pancreatitis. The Ace2 KO mice exhibited increased levels of tumour necrosis factor-α, IL-1β, IL-6, multifocal coagulative necrosis and inflammatory infiltrate, and lower levels of serum IL-10 and pancreatic Ang-(1-7) (4.70 ± 2.13 versus 10.87 ± 2.51, P < 0.001) compared with cerulein-treated WT mice at the same time point. Conversely, Ace2 TG mice with normal ACE expression were more resistant to SAP challenge as evidenced by a decreased inflammatory response, attenuated pathological changes and increased survival rates. These data suggest that the ACE2-ACE imbalance plays an important role in the pathogenesis of SAP and that pancreatic ACE2 is an important factor in determining the severity of SAP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruixia Liu
- * Department of Infection, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong-An Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, PR China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Masamune A, Hamada S, Kikuta K, Takikawa T, Miura S, Nakano E, Shimosegawa T. The angiotensin II type I receptor blocker olmesartan inhibits the growth of pancreatic cancer by targeting stellate cell activities in mice. Scand J Gastroenterol 2013; 48:602-9. [PMID: 23477656 DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2013.777776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence that pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), a major profibrogenic cell type in the pancreas, promote the progression of pancreatic cancer. The interactions between PSCs and pancreatic cancer have attracted substantial attention as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. We examined here the effects of olmesartan, an angiotensin II type I receptor blocker, on pancreatic cancer-associated fibrosis using a subcutaneous tumor model developed by co-injection of pancreatic cancer cells with PSCs in nude mice. Co-injection of pancreatic cancer cells AsPC-1 with PSCs increased the size of tumors compared with AsPC-1 cells alone. Olmesartan administrated at 10 mg/kg in drinking water inhibited the growth of subcutaneous tumors derived from the co-injection, but not those derived from mono-injection. This effect was accompanied by decreased expression of α-smooth muscle actin (a marker of activated PSCs) and collagen deposition. The inhibitory effect of olmesartan was also observed even if it was administrated after significant development of subcutaneous tumors. In addition, olmesartan decreased cell growth and type I collagen production in PSCs in vitro. These results suggest that olmesartan inhibited the growth of tumors by targeting stellate cell activities, and that olmesartan might be useful as an anti-fibrosis therapy in pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Masamune
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chauhan VP, Martin JD, Liu H, Lacorre DA, Jain SR, Kozin SV, Stylianopoulos T, Mousa AS, Han X, Adstamongkonkul P, Popović Z, Huang P, Bawendi MG, Boucher Y, Jain RK. Angiotensin inhibition enhances drug delivery and potentiates chemotherapy by decompressing tumour blood vessels. Nat Commun 2013; 4:2516. [PMID: 24084631 PMCID: PMC3806395 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 714] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer and stromal cells actively exert physical forces (solid stress) to compress tumour blood vessels, thus reducing vascular perfusion. Tumour interstitial matrix also contributes to solid stress, with hyaluronan implicated as the primary matrix molecule responsible for vessel compression because of its swelling behaviour. Here we show, unexpectedly, that hyaluronan compresses vessels only in collagen-rich tumours, suggesting that collagen and hyaluronan together are critical targets for decompressing tumour vessels. We demonstrate that the angiotensin inhibitor losartan reduces stromal collagen and hyaluronan production, associated with decreased expression of profibrotic signals TGF-β1, CCN2 and ET-1, downstream of angiotensin-II-receptor-1 inhibition. Consequently, losartan reduces solid stress in tumours resulting in increased vascular perfusion. Through this physical mechanism, losartan improves drug and oxygen delivery to tumours, thereby potentiating chemotherapy and reducing hypoxia in breast and pancreatic cancer models. Thus, angiotensin inhibitors -inexpensive drugs with decades of safe use - could be rapidly repurposed as cancer therapeutics.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers/pharmacology
- Angiotensins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Angiotensins/metabolism
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Cell Hypoxia
- Collagen/metabolism
- Connective Tissue Growth Factor/genetics
- Connective Tissue Growth Factor/metabolism
- Drug Repositioning
- Drug Synergism
- Endothelin-1/genetics
- Endothelin-1/metabolism
- Female
- Fluorouracil/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Hyaluronic Acid/metabolism
- Losartan/pharmacology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/blood supply
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mechanotransduction, Cellular
- Mice
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/blood supply
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/metabolism
- Stress, Mechanical
- Stromal Cells/drug effects
- Stromal Cells/metabolism
- Stromal Cells/pathology
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/genetics
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/metabolism
- Pancreatic Neoplasms
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vikash P. Chauhan
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - John D. Martin
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Hao Liu
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Delphine A. Lacorre
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Saloni R. Jain
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Sergey V. Kozin
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Triantafyllos Stylianopoulos
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus CY-1678, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Ahmed S. Mousa
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Xiaoxing Han
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Pichet Adstamongkonkul
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Zoran Popović
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Peigen Huang
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Moungi G. Bawendi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Yves Boucher
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Rakesh K. Jain
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Losartan reduces trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid-induced colorectal fibrosis in rats. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DE GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2012; 26:33-9. [PMID: 22288068 DOI: 10.1155/2012/628268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal fibrosis is a challenging clinical condition in several fibrostenosing enteropathies, particularly Crohn's disease. Currently, no effective preventive measures or medical therapies are available for intestinal fibrosis. Fibrosis, due to an abnormal accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins, is a chronic and progressive process mediated by cell⁄matrix⁄cytokine and growth factor interactions, but may be a reversible phenomenon. Of the several molecules regulating fibrogenesis, transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-b1) appears to play a pivotal role; it is strongly induced by the local activation of angiotensin II. The levels of both TGF-b1 and angiotensin II are elevated in fibrostenosing Crohn's disease. AIMS To evaluate the in vivo effect of losartan - an angiotensin II receptor antagonist - on the course of chronic colitis-associated fibrosis and on TGF-b1 expression. METHODS Colitis was induced by intrarectal instillation of trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS) (15 mg⁄mL) while losartan was administered orally daily by gavage (7 mg⁄kg⁄day) for 21 days. Three groups of rats were evaluated: control (n=10); TNBS treated (n=10); and TNBS + losartan treated (n=10). Inflammation and fibrosis of the colon were evaluated by macro- and microscopic score analysis. Colonic TGF-b1 levels was measured using ELISA. RESULTS Twenty-one days after induction, losartan significantly improved the macro- and microscopic scores of fibrosis in the colonic wall and reduced TGF-b1 concentration. CONCLUSIONS Prophylactic oral administration of losartan reduces the colorectal fibrosis complicating the TNBS-induced chronic colitis, an effect that appears to be mediated by a downregulation of TGF-b1 expression.
Collapse
|
17
|
Chan YC, Leung PS. The Renin-angiotensin system and reactive oxygen species: implications in pancreatitis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:2743-55. [PMID: 21644836 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a circulating hormonal system involved in the regulation of blood pressure and circulating fluid electrolytes. Recent findings have revealed that locally generated angiotensin (Ang) II plays a pivotal role in normal physiology as well as pathophysiology in various tissues and organs, including the pancreas. This review article summarizes current progress that has been made in elucidating the putative roles of Ang II in both acute and chronic pancreatitis. RECENT ADVANCES A convergence of evidence suggests that the underlying mechanism may involve reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generating systems, such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, and subsequent elevation of proinflammatory and profibrogenic gene expression as well as protein activity. More importantly, Ang II-induced ROS interacts with other ROS-generating systems to positively feed-forward the ROS-induced signaling. CRITICAL ISSUES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS Advances in basic research indicate that RAS blockers may provide potential therapeutic role for the management of pancreatic inflammation and, more importantly, pancreatitis-associated complications. Genetic alterations resulting from a malfunction in the epigenetic control of pancreatic RAS could be a causative factor in the development of pancreatitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuk Cheung Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin New Teritories, Hong Kong, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Skipworth JRA, Szabadkai G, Olde Damink SWM, Leung PS, Humphries SE, Montgomery HE. Review article: pancreatic renin-angiotensin systems in health and disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011; 34:840-52. [PMID: 21851372 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04810.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to the circulating (endocrine) renin-angiotensin system (RAS), local renin-angiotensin systems are now known to exist in diverse cells and tissues. Amongst these, pancreatic renin-angiotensin systems have recently been identified and may play roles in the physiological regulation of pancreatic function, as well as being implicated in the pathogenesis of pancreatic diseases including diabetes, pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. AIM To review and summarise current knowledge of pancreatic renin-angiotensin systems. METHODS We performed an extensive PubMed, Medline and online review of all relevant literature. RESULTS Pancreatic RAS appear to play various roles in the regulation of pancreatic physiology and pathophysiology. Ang II may play a role in the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, via stimulation of angiogenesis and prevention of chemotherapy toxicity, as well as in the initiation and propagation of acute pancreatitis (AP); whereas, RAS antagonism is capable of preventing new-onset diabetes and improving glycaemic control in diabetic patients. Current evidence for the roles of pancreatic RAS is largely based upon cell and animal models, whilst definitive evidence from human studies remains lacking. CONCLUSIONS The therapeutic potential for RAS antagonism, using cheap and widely available agents, and may be untapped and such roles are worthy of active investigation in diverse pancreatic disease states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J R A Skipworth
- Department of Surgery and Interventional Science, UCL, London, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Luna J, Masamunt MC, Lawrance IC, Sans M. Mesenchymal cell proliferation and programmed cell death: key players in fibrogenesis and new targets for therapeutic intervention. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2011; 300:G703-8. [PMID: 21233275 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00504.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
An exquisite equilibrium between cell proliferation and programmed cell death is required to maintain physiological homeostasis. In inflammatory bowel disease, and especially in Crohn's disease, enhanced proliferation along with defective apoptosis of immune cells are considered key elements of pathogenesis. Despite the relatively limited attention that has been given to research efforts devoted to intestinal fibrosis to date, there is evidence suggesting that enhanced proliferation along with defective programmed cell death of mesenchymal cells can significantly contribute to the development of excessive fibrogenesis in many different tissues. Moreover, some therapies have demonstrated potential antifibrogenic efficacy through the regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation and programmed cell death. Further understanding of the pathways involved in the regulation of mesenchymal cell proliferation and apoptosis is, however, required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeroni Luna
- Dept. of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clínic i Provincial/IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gong Q, Davis M, Chipitsyna G, Yeo CJ, Arafat HA. Blocking angiotensin II Type 1 receptor triggers apoptotic cell death in human pancreatic cancer cells. Pancreas 2010; 39:581-94. [PMID: 20118823 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0b013e3181c314cd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is an aggressive malignancy with an annual mortality rate close to its annual incidence. We recently demonstrated that angiotensin II (AngII) type 1 receptor (AT1R) might be involved in PDA angiogenesis. This study evaluated the antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects of an AT1R blocker, losartan, in PDA cells with different p53 mutation status. METHODS Cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometric analysis of DNA content; apoptosis by annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (V-FITC) and terminal deoxytransferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling staining; messenger RNA and protein by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting; caspase-3 activity by colorimetric assay; and promoter activity by luciferase assay. RESULTS Losartan dose-dependently decreased cell survival and increased their preG1 accumulation. It also increased p53, p21, p27, and Bax and reduced Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl expression. In wtp53 cells, losartan increased p53 transcription and activated caspase-3 in both cell lines. However, its proapoptotic effects in mtp53 cells were mainly caspase-3-dependent. CONCLUSION Our data describe the involvement of AT1R in PDA cell apoptotic machinery and provide the first evidences that losartan stimulates the proapoptotic signaling pathways regardless of the p53 mutation status. As loss of p53 function is frequently observed in PDA patients, our data suggest AT1R blockade as a novel therapeutic strategy to control PDA growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoke Gong
- Department of Surgery, Jefferson Pancreatic, Biliary and Related Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
|
22
|
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic pancreatitis. Clinical and basic science studies have indicated that ROS/RNS formation processes are intimately linked to the development of the inflammatory disorders. The detrimental effects of highly reactive ROS/RNS are mediated by their direct actions on biomolecules (lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids) and activation of proinflammatory signal cascades, which subsequently lead to activation of immune responses. The present article summarizes the possible sources of ROS/RNS formation and the detailed signaling cascades implicated in the pathogenesis of pancreatic inflammation, as observed in acute and chronic pancreatitis. A therapeutic ROS/RNS-scavenging strategy has been advocated for decades; however, clinical studies examining such approaches have been inconsistent in their results. Emerging evidence indicates that pancreatitis-inducing ROS/RNS generation may be attenuated by targeting ROS/RNS-generating enzymes and upstream mediators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Po Sing Leung
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Study of the protective effects of dexamethasone on ileum mucosa injury in rats with severe acute pancreatitis. Pancreas 2008; 37:e74-82. [PMID: 18815542 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0b013e3181800d11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the protecting effects of dexamethasone on ileum mucosa injury of rats with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). METHODS The SAP rats were prepared by improved Aho's methods. The plasma endotoxin and inflammatory mediators in serum were determined. The rat mortality, pathological changes of terminal ileum, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB), apoptotic indexes, and apoptotic related protein expression were observed. RESULTS The plasma endotoxin, inflammatory mediators, and NF-kappaB protein expression as well as pathological scores of the treatment group of ileum mucosa were lower than those of the model group at different time points. P selectin in model group significantly exceeded the dexamethasone treatment group at 3 and 6 hours (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). Caspase-3 protein expression in dexamethasone treatment group significantly exceeded the model group at 3 and 6 hours (P < 0.05), and apoptotic indexes were higher than those of the model group at 6 hours (P < 0.05), but Bax protein has shown no marked difference among groups. CONCLUSIONS Dexamethasone can reduce the endotoxin level and inflammatory mediators and down-regulate NF-kappaB protein expression of ileum mucosa, and ileum mucosa epithelial cell apoptosis induction was involved as well. The tissue microarrays technique is of advantage in SAP study.
Collapse
|
24
|
de Resende MM, Greene AS. Effect of ANG II on endothelial cell apoptosis and survival and its impact on skeletal muscle angiogenesis after electrical stimulation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2008; 294:H2814-21. [PMID: 18441208 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00095.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that skeletal muscle angiogenesis induced by electrical stimulation is significantly attenuated when SS-13BN/Mcwi rats are fed a high-salt diet. This effect was associated with a large increase in endothelial cell (EC) apoptosis. We hypothesized that the low levels of ANG II during high-salt diet would increase EC apoptosis and consequently diminish the angiogenic response. To test this hypothesis, a series of in vitro and in vivo studies was performed. EC apoptosis and viability were evaluated after incubation with ANG II under serum-free conditions. After 24 h of incubation, ANG II increased EC viability and Bcl-2-to-Bax ratio along with a dose-dependent decrease in EC apoptosis. This effect was blocked by the ANG II type 1 receptor antagonist losartan. To confirm our in vitro results, ANG II (3 ng.kg(-1).min(-1)) was chronically infused in rats fed a high-salt diet (4% NaCl). ANG II decreased EC apoptosis and produced a significant increase (40%) in skeletal muscle angiogenesis after electrical stimulation. These in vivo results were in agreement with our in vitro results and demonstrate that the attenuation of ANG II levels during a high-salt diet may induce EC apoptosis and consequently block the angiogenic response induced by electrical stimulation. Furthermore, under normal conditions, ANG II increases EC viability and protects EC from apoptosis possibly by inactivation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Micheline M de Resende
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering Center, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|