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Tippins KE, Shiyanbola OO, Rose WN. Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Pruritus Treated with Plasmapheresis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RECENT SURGICAL AND MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1761510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
AbstractEvidence regarding the efficacy of plasmapheresis for pruritus due to hepatobiliary disease is sparse. The mechanism of pruritus in this context is poorly understood. Some candidates for the offending agents are bile salts and histamine. Primary sclerosing cholangitis is one such disease and appears to have an autoimmune component. The rationale for plasmapheresis for patients who are refractory to medical therapy has some plausibility because the nonspecific nature of plasmapheresis may significantly decrease one or more of the offending substances in the patient's plasma. We share our experience of a patient with pruritus due to primary sclerosing cholangitis who benefited from plasmapheresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine E. Tippins
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Oyewale O. Shiyanbola
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - William Nicholas Rose
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin
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Münster M, Kook P, Araujo R, Hörauf A, Vieth M. [Determination of hyperregeneratory esophagopathy in dogs with clinical signs attributable to esophageal disease]. TIERAERZTLICHE PRAXIS AUSGABE KLEINTIERE HEIMTIERE 2015; 43:147-55. [PMID: 25993916 DOI: 10.15654/tpk-140765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It was hypothesized that typical characteristics of hyperregeneratory esophagopathy (HRE) in humans such as basal cell hyperplasia and elongation of stromal papillae are also histologically detectable in canine esophageal epithelium, and that these changes are associated with clinical signs and endoscopic findings suggesting gastroesophageal reflux (GER). MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty-five adult dogs with clinical signs attributable to esophageal disease underwent esophagoscopy and biopsy. Clinical signs suggesting GER (regurgitation, ptyalism, painful discomfort) were prospectively evaluated through a questionnaire. Endoscopic mucosal alterations suggesting GER such as minimal endoscopic changes and obvious mucosal defects were assessed via video endoscopy. Biopsy specimens obtained from the esophageal squamous epithelium were evaluated histologically. The squamous epithelium's substructures of esophageal biopsies were quantitatively assessed through microscopic morphometry. RESULTS Esophageal squamous epithelium was considered normal in 48 dogs, and HRE was detected histologically in 17 dogs; both pathognomonic changes (basal cell hyperplasia, elongation of stromal papillae) were consistently present. Morphometrically assessed stromal papillary length and basal cell layer thickness was significantly (each, p < 0.0001) higher in the 17 dogs with HRE than in the 48 dogs without HRE, respectively. Overall, clinical signs suggesting GER were significantly (p = 0.02) more frequently encountered and regurgitation was significantly (p = 0.009) more common in the 17 dogs with HRE than in the 48 dogs without HRE. Similarly, endoscopic changes were significantly (p = 0.002) more frequently observed and minimal endoscopic changes suggesting GER were significantly (p = 0.004) more common in 17 dogs with HRE than in the 48 dogs without HRE. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Typical characteristics of hyperregeneratory esophagopathy in humans are also histologically detectable in canine esophageal epithelium. Histological changes are associated with clinical signs and endoscopic findings suggesting GER.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Münster
- Michael Münster, Tierärztliche Gemeinschaftspraxis Dres. Hörauf und Münster, Hatzfeldstraße 6, 51069 Köln, E-Mail:
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Hartmann P, Fet N, Garab D, Szabó A, Kaszaki J, Srinivasan PK, Tolba RH, Boros M. L-alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine reduces the microcirculatory dysfunction and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase type 4 induction after partial hepatic ischemia in rats. J Surg Res 2014; 189:32-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ek RO, Serter M, Ergin K, Cecen S, Unsal C, Yildiz Y, Bilgin MD. Protective effects of citicoline on TNBS-induced experimental colitis in rats. Int J Clin Exp Med 2014; 7:989-97. [PMID: 24955172 PMCID: PMC4057851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of citicoline on the development of colitis and antioxidant parameters in rats subjected to tribenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis. Twenty four Wistar Albino female rats were divided into four subgroups (n=6) (control, colitis control, colitis + 50 mg/kg citicoline, colitis + 250 mg/kg citicoline). Colitis was induced using an enema of TNBS and ethanol; following which citicoline was administrated for 3 days and effects of citicoline was subsequently evaluated. Based on microscopic damage scores, there was no difference between rats of the TNBS-colitis and 50 mg/kg citicoline treated groups, whereas treatment with 250 mg/kg citicoline, caused significant reduction in colon injury compared to that observed in rats of TNBS-colitis group. In terms of the biochemical analyses, myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), and IL-6 levels in rats from 250 mg/kg citicoline group were significantly different from that TNBS-colitis group. The levels of MPO, MDA, GSH and IL-6 in control rats were also significantly different those of rats in the TNBS-colitis group. Citicoline may have a positive protective effect on the inflammatory bowel disease treatment process and could, therefore, be used as an adjunct therapy in colitis. These effects of citicoline may exist through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rauf Onur Ek
- Department of Physiology, Adnan Menderes UniversityAydin, Turkey
| | - Mukadder Serter
- Department of Biochemistry, Adnan Menderes UniversityAydin, Turkey
| | - Kemal Ergin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Adnan Menderes UniversityAydin, Turkey
| | - Serpil Cecen
- Department of Physiology, Marmara UniversityIstanbul, Turkey
| | - Cengiz Unsal
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Adnan Menderes UniversityAydin, Turkey
| | - Yuksel Yildiz
- Department of Physiology, Adnan Menderes UniversityAydin, Turkey
| | - Mehmet D Bilgin
- Department of Biophysics, Adnan Menderes UniversityAydin, Turkey
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Tőkés T, Tuboly E, Varga G, Major L, Ghyczy M, Kaszaki J, Boros M. Protective effects of L-alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine on ischaemia-reperfusion-induced inflammatory reactions. Eur J Nutr 2014; 54:109-18. [PMID: 24682350 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-014-0691-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Choline-containing dietary phospholipids, including phosphatidylcholine (PC), may function as anti-inflammatory substances, but the mechanism remains largely unknown. We investigated the effects of L-alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine (GPC), a deacylated PC derivative, in a rodent model of small intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. METHODS Anaesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control, mesenteric IR (45 min mesenteric artery occlusion, followed by 180 min reperfusion), IR with GPC pretreatment (16.56 mg kg⁻¹ GPC i.v., 5 min prior to ischaemia) or IR with GPC post-treatment (16.56 mg kg⁻¹ GPC i.v., 5 min prior to reperfusion) groups. Macrohaemodynamics and microhaemodynamic parameters were measured; intestinal inflammatory markers (xanthine oxidoreductase activity, superoxide and nitrotyrosine levels) and liver ATP contents were determined. RESULTS The IR challenge reduced the intestinal intramural red blood cell velocity, increased the mesenteric vascular resistance, the tissue xanthine oxidoreductase activity, the superoxide production, and the nitrotyrosine levels, and the ATP content of the liver was decreased. Exogenous GPC attenuated the macro- and microcirculatory dysfunction and provided significant protection against the radical production resulting from the IR stress. The GPC pretreatment alleviated the hepatic ATP depletion, the reductions in the mean arterial pressure and superior mesenteric artery flow, and similarly to the post-treatments with GPC, also decreased the xanthine oxidoreductase activity, the intestinal superoxide production, the nitrotyrosine level, and normalized the microcirculatory dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate the effectiveness of GPC therapies and provide indirect evidence that the anti-inflammatory effects of PC could be linked to a reaction involving the polar part of the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tünde Tőkés
- Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Pécsi u. 6., Szeged, 6720, Hungary
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Varga G, Erces D, Tuboly E, Kaszaki J, Ghyczy M, Boros M. [Characterization of the antiinflammatory properties of methane inhalation during ischaemia-reperfusion]. Magy Seb 2013; 65:205-11. [PMID: 22940389 DOI: 10.1556/maseb.65.2012.4.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gastrointestinal methane generation has been demonstrated in various conditions, but it is not known whether it has any impact on the mammalian physiology or pathophysiology. Our aim was to characterize the effects of exogenous methane on the process of inflammatory events induced by reoxygenation in a canine model of ischemia-reperfusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sodium pentobarbital-anesthetized inbred beagle dogs (n = 18) were randomly assigned to sham-operated or ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) groups. I/R was induced by occluding the superior mesenteric artery for 1 h, and the subsequent reperfusion was monitored for 3 h. For 5 min before reperfusion, the animals were mechanically ventilated with normoxic artificial air with or without 2.5% methane. The macrohemodynamics and small intestinal pCO2 gap changes were recorded and tissue superoxide and nitrotyrosine levels and myeloperoxidase activity changes were determined in intestinal biopsy samples. Structural mucosal damage was measured via light microscopy and HE staining. RESULTS Methane inhalation positively influenced the macrohemodynamic changes, significantly reduced the intestinal pCO2 gap changes and the magnitude of the tissue damage after reperfusion. Further, the intestinal myeloperoxidase activity, the superoxide and nitrotyrosine levels were reduced. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate the anti-inflammatory profile of methane. The study provides evidence that exogenous methane modulates leukocyte activation and affects key events of I/R-induced oxidative and nitrosative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Varga
- Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar Sebészeti Műtéttani Intézet 6720 Szeged Pécsi u. 6
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Cetinkaya M, Cansev M, Cekmez F, Tayman C, Canpolat FE, Kafa IM, Uysal S, Tunc T, Sarici SU. CDP-choline reduces severity of intestinal injury in a neonatal rat model of necrotizing enterocolitis. J Surg Res 2012; 183:119-28. [PMID: 23228325 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2012.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2012] [Revised: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine (CDP-choline) is an endogenous intermediate in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine, a contributor to the mucosal defense of the intestine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible cytoprotective effect of CDP-choline treatment on intestinal cell damage, membrane phospholipid content, inflammation, and apoptosis in a neonatal rat model of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). METHODS We divided a total of 30 newborn pups into three groups: control, NEC, and NEC + CDP-choline. We induced NEC by enteral formula feeding, exposure to hypoxia-hyperoxia, and cold stress. We administered CDP-choline intraperitoneally at 300 mg/kg/d for 3 d starting from the first day of life. We evaluated apoptosis macroscopically and histopathologically in combination with proinflammatory cytokines in the gut samples. Moreover, we determined membrane phospholipid levels as well as activities of xanthine oxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and myeloperoxidase enzymes and the malondialdehyde content of intestinal tissue. RESULTS Mean clinical sickness score, macroscopic gut assessment score, and intestinal injury score were significantly improved, whereas mean apoptosis score and caspase-3 levels were significantly reduced in pups in the NEC + CDP-choline group compared with the NEC group. Tissue proinflammatory cytokine (interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α) levels as well as tissue malondialdehyde content and myeloperoxidase activities were reduced, whereas glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities were preserved in the NEC + CDP-choline group. In addition, NEC damage reduced intestinal tissue membrane phospholipids, whereas CDP-choline significantly enhanced total phospholipid and phosphatidylcholine levels. Long-term follow-up in additional experiments revealed increased body weight, decreased clinical sickness scores, and enhanced survival in CDP-choline-receiving versus saline-receiving pups with NEC lesions. CONCLUSIONS Our study reports, for the first time, beneficial effects of CDP-choline treatment on intestinal injury in a neonatal rat model of NEC. Our data suggest that CDP-choline may be used as an effective therapeutic agent to prevent NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merih Cetinkaya
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey.
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Kovács T, Varga G, Erces D, Tőkés T, Tiszlavicz L, Ghyczy M, Vécsei L, Boros M, Kaszaki J. [Comparative study of novel therapeutic possibilities in animal experimental model of inflammatory bowel disease]. Magy Seb 2012; 65:191-7. [PMID: 22940387 DOI: 10.1556/maseb.65.2012.4.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The consequence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is cytokine-mediated severe local tissue damage. Our aim was to determine the extent of inflammatory response and to influence the morphologic changes during the subacute phase of trinitro-benzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced experimental colitis by oral phosphatidylcholine (PC) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist kynurenic acid therapy. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to control, untreated colitis (ic TNBS), colitis fed with 2% PC-containing diet (3 days pre-treatment +3 days treatment after TNBS induction), colitis with kynurenic acid treatment (on day 6, n = 7) groups. The colitis was characterized by tissue myeloperoxidase and plasma TNF-alpha levels, the extent of tissue damage, structural changes in microvasculature (FITC-dextran staining) and mucosal injury (acridine orange staining) were determined by in vivo confocal laser scanning endomicroscopy (Optiscan Five1, Australia) and conventional histology (hematoxyilin-eosin staining). RESULTS Significant elevation in myeloperoxidase and TNF-alpha levels with remarkable damage in epithelial structure was detected in the colitis group. Both treatment regimens significantly decreased the level of inflammatory activation but only PC pretreatment could preserve the number of goblet cells and the epithelial structure. Treatment with kynurenic acid did not alter the morphology changes. CONCLUSION Oral PC pretreatment is a promising possibility in the therapy of IBDs through decreasing inflammatory reaction and increasing the number of goblet cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Kovács
- Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar Gyermekklinika, Gyermeksebészeti Osztály Szeged
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Dietary Phosphatidylcholine Supplementation Attenuates Inflammatory Mucosal Damage in a Rat Model of Experimental Colitis. Shock 2012; 38:177-85. [DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e31825d1ed0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Protective Effects of a Phosphatidylcholine-Enriched Diet in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Experimental Neuroinflammation in the Rat. Shock 2011; 36:458-65. [DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e31822f36b0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ehehalt R, Braun A, Karner M, Füllekrug J, Stremmel W. Phosphatidylcholine as a constituent in the colonic mucosal barrier--physiological and clinical relevance. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2010; 1801:983-93. [PMID: 20595010 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2010.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2010] [Revised: 05/21/2010] [Accepted: 05/24/2010] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is an important constituent of the gastrointestinal tract. PC molecules are not only important in intestinal cell membranes but also receiving increasing attention as protective agents in the gastrointestinal barrier. They are largely responsible for establishing the hydrophobic surface of the colon. Decreased phospholipids in colonic mucus could be linked to the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis, a chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Clinical studies revealed that therapeutic addition of PC to the colonic mucus of these patients alleviated the inflammatory activity. This positive role is still elusive, however, we hypothesized that luminal PC has two possible functions: first, it is essential for surface hydrophobicity, and second, it is integrated into the plasma membrane of enterocytes and it modulates the signaling state of the mucosa. The membrane structure and lipid composition of cells is a regulatory component of the inflammatory signaling pathways. In this perspective, we will shortly summarize what is known about the localization and protective properties of PC in the colonic mucosa before turning to its evident medical importance. We will discuss how PC contributes to our understanding of the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis and how reinforcing the luminal phospholipid monolayer can be used as a therapeutic concept in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Ehehalt
- Department of Gastroenterology, University hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Son Y, Lee JH, Kim NH, Surh NY, Kim EC, Chung HT, Kang DG, Pae HO. Dilinoleoylphosphatidylcholine induces the expression of the anti-inflammatory heme oxygenase-1 in RAW264.7 macrophages. Biofactors 2010; 36:210-5. [PMID: 20336709 DOI: 10.1002/biof.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
1,2-Dilinoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DLPC), the main and active component of soybean lecithin, has been reported to exert anti-inflammatory effects, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be established. It was found that DLPC could induce the expression of the anti-inflammatory heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) through the activation of nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in RAW264.7 macrophages. Pretreatment with DLPC suppressed the expression of inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS), one of proinflammatory enzymes, and reduced NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages. Similarly, DLPC also diminished the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), one of proinflammatory cytokines. Interestingly, the inhibitory effects of DLPC on LPS-induced iNOS expression and TNF-alpha production were reversed by tin protoporphyrin, a HO-1 inhibitor. Thus, HO-1 expression via Nrf2 activation may be one of the possible mechanisms explaining the anti-inflammatory effects of DLPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Son
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Republic of Korea
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Hartmann P, Szabó A, Erős G, Gurabi D, Horváth G, Németh I, Ghyczy M, Boros M. Anti-inflammatory effects of phosphatidylcholine in neutrophil leukocyte-dependent acute arthritis in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 622:58-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2009] [Revised: 08/27/2009] [Accepted: 09/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Oral phosphatidylcholine pretreatment decreases ischemia-reperfusion-induced methane generation and the inflammatory response in the small intestine. Shock 2009; 30:596-602. [PMID: 18461026 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e31816f204a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We have shown that phosphatidylcholine (PC) metabolites may have a function in counteracting the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and that this mechanism can lead to the generation of methane from choline. The aims were to establish whether the dietary administration of PC can protect the reperfused small bowel mucosa by its acting as an anti-inflammatory agent and to investigate this possibility in association with in vivo methane generation. Group 1 (n = 5) of anesthetized dogs served as sham-operated controls, whereas in groups 2 (n = 6) and 3 (n = 6), complete small intestinal ischemia was induced by occluding the superior mesenteric artery for 60 min. Groups 1 and 2 were fed with normal laboratory chow for 1 week before the experiments, whereas the animals in group 3 received a special diet containing 1% soybean PC. The intramucosal pH and the difference of the arterial and local PCO2 (PCO2 gap) were detected by indirect tonometry. Intestinal superoxide production and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity (a marker of tissue leukocyte infiltration) were ascertained on ileal biopsy samples 180 min after reperfusion. The content of methane in the exhaled air was determined by gas chromatography. I/R was characterized by significant tissue acidosis with ROS generation and elevated MPO activity. These changes were accompanied by increased methane production in the exhaled air during reoxygenation. The PC-enriched diet prevented the decrease in intramucosal pH, diminished the intestinal superoxide generation and the MPO activity, and significantly decreased the exhaled methane concentration. The increased dietary uptake of PC exerts an anti-inflammatory influence in the gastrointestinal tract. Exhaled methane is linked to abnormal ROS generation; a decreased methane production is associated with significantly reduced inflammatory activation during I/R.
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Erős G, Ibrahim S, Siebert N, Boros M, Vollmar B. Oral phosphatidylcholine pretreatment alleviates the signs of experimental rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2009; 11:R43. [PMID: 19296835 PMCID: PMC2688190 DOI: 10.1186/ar2651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2008] [Revised: 02/16/2009] [Accepted: 03/18/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylcholine-derived metabolites exhibit anti-inflammatory properties in various stress conditions. We hypothesized that dietary phosphatidylcholine may potentially function as an anti-inflammatory substance and may decrease inflammatory activation in a chronic murine model of rheumatoid arthritis (collagen-induced arthritis). METHODS The experiments were performed on male DBA1/J mice. In groups 1 to 3 (n = 10 each), collagen-induced arthritis was induced by administration of bovine collagen II. In group 2 the animals were fed ad libitum with phosphatidylcholine-enriched diet as a pretreatment, while the animals of group 3 received this nourishment as a therapy, after the onset of the disease. The severity of the disease and inflammation-linked hyperalgesia were evaluated with semiquantitative scoring systems, while the venular leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions and functional capillary density were assessed by means of in vivo fluorescence microscopy of the synovial tissue. Additionally, the mRNA expressions of cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2, TNFalpha and endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthase were determined, and classical histological analysis was performed. RESULTS Phosphatidylcholine pretreatment reduced the collagen-induced arthritis-induced hypersensitivity, and decreased the number of leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions and the extent of functional capillary density as compared with those of group 1. It also ameliorated the tissue damage and decreased inducible nitric oxide synthase expression. The expressions of the cannabinoid receptors and TNFalpha were not influenced by the phosphatidylcholine intake. Phosphatidylcholine-enriched food administrated as therapy failed to evoke the aforementioned changes, apart from the reduction of the inducible nitric oxide synthase expression. CONCLUSIONS Phosphatidylcholine-enriched food as pretreatment, but not as therapy, appears to exert beneficial effects on the morphological, functional and microcirculatory characteristics of chronic arthritis. We propose that oral phosphatidylcholine may be a preventive approach in ameliorating experimental rheumatoid arthritis-induced joint damage.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/administration & dosage
- Arthritis, Experimental/metabolism
- Arthritis, Experimental/pathology
- Arthritis, Experimental/prevention & control
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/metabolism
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/pathology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/prevention & control
- Blood Circulation
- Male
- Mice
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/biosynthesis
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/biosynthesis
- Phosphatidylcholines/administration & dosage
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/biosynthesis
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/biosynthesis
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Synovial Membrane/blood supply
- Synovial Membrane/pathology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/biosynthesis
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabor Erős
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, University of Rostock, Schillingallee 69a, Rostock D-18057, Germany
- Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Pécsi u. 6, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Saleh Ibrahim
- Immunogenetics Group, University of Rostock, Schillingallee 70, Rostock D-18057, Germany
| | - Nikolai Siebert
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, University of Rostock, Schillingallee 69a, Rostock D-18057, Germany
| | - Mihály Boros
- Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Pécsi u. 6, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Brigitte Vollmar
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, University of Rostock, Schillingallee 69a, Rostock D-18057, Germany
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Szentpáli K, Széll M, Paszt A, Wolfárd A, Dobozy A, Németh I, Tiszlavicz L, Iván L, Boros M. Simultaneous adeno- and squamous cell carcinoma with different phenotypic profiles in a rat model of chronic gastroesophageal reflux. Dis Esophagus 2007; 20:305-10. [PMID: 17617879 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2050.2007.00682.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to investigate the incidence of duodeno-gastroesophageal reflux-induced malignant transformation in a series of duodeno-esophageal anastomosis operations in rats. This surgical method provides a model for reflux-induced esophageal pathologies, without carcinogen administration. The study design included the follow-up of 31 cases. Thirty weeks of duodeno-gastroesophageal reflux disease significantly increased the risk of the development of Barrett's esophagus, and reflux-induced esophageal adenocarcinoma formation was evident in four animals. In one of these particular cases, a superficial squamous cell cancer was noted in close vicinity to the adenocarcinoma formation. For further analysis, a detailed immunohistochemical staining protocol was used. The immunophenotypes revealed cyclin D1 expression (nuclear positivity in 35% of all the squamous cells), p53 protein accumulation (50% nuclear positivity), with a low expression of cox-2, and negative c-erbB2 staining in the squamous carcinoma cells. The specialized intestinal metaplasia and mucinous adenocarcinoma cells exhibited exclusively diffuse cox-2 positivity (90% of all glandular cells) and weak focal c-erbB2 (5%) staining, without cyclin D1 expression or p53 protein accumulation. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was applied to quantify the abundance of p53, cyclin D1 and cox-2 mRNAs in this biopsy. The most dramatic changes were observed in the level of expression of cyclin D1 (a 9.08-fold expression as compared with the non-treated esophagus samples), while the p53 and cox-2 gene expressions were increased by 1.61 and 2.45-fold, respectively, relative to the non-treated samples. The results afford evidence of the simultaneous activation of more than one possible carcinogenetic pathway in experimental gastroesophageal reflux disease. Synchronous neoplasm formation with different growth pattern characteristics is a rarity in humans, and this phenomenon suggests that the presented model is a suitable means of mimicking the whole spectrum of human gastroesophageal reflux disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Szentpáli
- Institute of Surgical Research, and Department of Surgery, University of Szeged, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary.
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Gera L, Varga R, Török L, Kaszaki J, Szabó A, Nagy K, Boros M. Beneficial effects of phosphatidylcholine during hindlimb reperfusion. J Surg Res 2007; 139:45-50. [PMID: 17275842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2006.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2006] [Revised: 07/21/2006] [Accepted: 08/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microcirculatory dysfunctions and mast cell (MC) reactions play important roles in hypoxic tissue injuries. The aims of this study were to characterize the effects of hindlimb ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) on the periosteal microcirculation and to define the consequences of systemic phosphatidylcholine (PC) therapy during this condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS Microcirculatory changes were visualized by means of fluorescence intravital videomicroscopy in anesthetized Wistar rats. There was 60 min of complete hindlimb ischemia followed by a 180-min reperfusion in the presence of PC treatment (50 mg/kg i.v.; in the second 10 min of reperfusion) or vehicle. Further two groups served as vehicle- or PC-treated sham-operated controls. The proportion of degranulated MCs and the leukocyte accumulation (myeloperoxidase, MPO assay) were determined in muscle biopsies. RESULTS I-R significantly increased the muscle MPO activity (from 14.94 to 63.45 mU/mg) and the proportion of degranulated MCs (to 82.5%). The periosteal capillary RBC velocity (RBCV) and the functional capillary density (FCD) had decreased, while the primary and secondary leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions had increased by the end of reperfusion (rolling from 20.8 to 40.0%, and firm adherence from 254 to 872 mm(-2)). PC treatment decreased the leukocyte rolling and sticking, preserved the FCD and improved the RBCV. The MC degranulation and MPO activity diminished significantly in the muscle layer. CONCLUSIONS PC administration improves I-R-induced periosteal microcirculatory dysfunctions and ameliorates secondary inflammatory reactions. Systemic PC treatment could offer a potential treatment modality during hypoperfusion or inflammatory conditions of the bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Gera
- Department of Traumatology, Kecskemét County Hospital, Kecskemét, Hungary
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