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Dike PN, Soni KG, Chang DS, Preidis GA. Bile acids differentially regulate longitudinal smooth muscle contractility in everted mouse ileum. FASEB Bioadv 2024; 6:200-206. [PMID: 38974116 PMCID: PMC11226990 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2024-00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Bile acids regulate gastrointestinal motility by mechanisms that are poorly understood. Standard isolated tissue bath assays might not recapitulate in vivo physiology if contractile responses to certain bile acids require direct application to the intestinal mucosa. We sought to determine the feasibility of quantifying longitudinal smooth muscle contractile responses to bile acids from intact segments of everted mouse ileum. Ileum from adult female C57BL/6J mice was isolated, gently everted over a notched metal rod, and mounted in tissue baths. Individual bile acids and agonists of bile acid receptors were added to the baths, and longitudinal smooth muscle contractile responses were quantified by isometric force transduction. Ursodeoxycholic acid robustly increased contractile responses in a dose-dependent manner. Deoxycholic acid stimulated contractility at low doses but inhibited contractility at high doses. Chenodeoxycholic acid, glycocholic acid, and lithocholic acid did not alter contractility. The dose-dependent increase in contractility resulting from the application of ursodeoxycholic acid was recapitulated by INT-777, an agonist of the Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5), and by cevimeline, a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist. Agonists to the nuclear receptors farnesoid X receptor, glucocorticoid receptor, pregnane X receptor, vitamin D receptor, and to the plasma membrane epidermal growth factor receptor did not modify baseline contractile patterns. These results demonstrate that gentle eversion of intact mouse ileum facilitates the quantification of longitudinal smooth muscle contractile responses to individual bile acids. Prokinetic effects of ursodeoxycholic acid and low-dose deoxycholic acid are replicated by agonists to TGR5 and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peace N. Dike
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of PediatricsBaylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's HospitalHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Krishnakant G. Soni
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of PediatricsBaylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's HospitalHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Diana S. Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of PediatricsBaylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's HospitalHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Geoffrey A. Preidis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of PediatricsBaylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's HospitalHoustonTexasUSA
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2
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Fujita N, Yasuda I, Endo I, Isayama H, Iwashita T, Ueki T, Uemura K, Umezawa A, Katanuma A, Katayose Y, Suzuki Y, Shoda J, Tsuyuguchi T, Wakai T, Inui K, Unno M, Takeyama Y, Itoi T, Koike K, Mochida S. Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for cholelithiasis 2021. J Gastroenterol 2023; 58:801-833. [PMID: 37452855 PMCID: PMC10423145 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-023-02014-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology first published evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for cholelithiasis in 2010, followed by a revision in 2016. Currently, the revised third edition was published to reflect recent evidence on the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cholelithiasis conforming to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system. Following this revision, the present English version of the guidelines was updated and published herein. The clinical questions (CQ) in the previous version were reviewed and rearranged into three newly divided categories: background questions (BQ) dealing with basic background knowledge, CQ, and future research questions (FRQ), which refer to issues that require further accumulation of evidence. Finally, 52 questions (29 BQs, 19 CQs, and 4 FRQs) were adopted to cover the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, complications, and prognosis. Based on a literature search using MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Igaku Chuo Zasshi databases for the period between 1983 and August 2019, along with a manual search of new information reported over the past 5 years, the level of evidence was evaluated for each CQ. The strengths of recommendations were determined using the Delphi method by the committee members considering the body of evidence, including benefits and harms, patient preference, and cost-benefit balance. A comprehensive flowchart was prepared for the diagnosis and treatment of gallbladder stones, common bile duct stones, and intrahepatic stones, respectively. The current revised guidelines are expected to be of great assistance to gastroenterologists and general physicians in making decisions on contemporary clinical management for cholelithiasis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naotaka Fujita
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cholelithiasis'', The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan.
- Miyagi Medical Check-up Plaza, 1-6-9 Oroshi-machi, Wakabayashi-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 984-0015, Japan.
| | - Ichiro Yasuda
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cholelithiasis'', The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Itaru Endo
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cholelithiasis'', The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Isayama
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cholelithiasis'', The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Takuji Iwashita
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cholelithiasis'', The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Ueki
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cholelithiasis'', The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Uemura
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cholelithiasis'', The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Akiko Umezawa
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cholelithiasis'', The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Akio Katanuma
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cholelithiasis'', The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Yu Katayose
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cholelithiasis'', The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cholelithiasis'', The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Junichi Shoda
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cholelithiasis'', The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Toshio Tsuyuguchi
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cholelithiasis'', The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Wakai
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cholelithiasis'', The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Kazuo Inui
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cholelithiasis'', The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Michiaki Unno
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cholelithiasis'', The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Takeyama
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cholelithiasis'', The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Takao Itoi
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cholelithiasis'', The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Koike
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cholelithiasis'', The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
| | - Satoshi Mochida
- Guidelines Committee for Creating and Evaluating the "Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cholelithiasis'', The Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, 6F Shimbashi i-MARK Building, 2-6-2 Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0004, Japan
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3
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Wang M, Cha R, Hao W, Du R, Zhang P, Hu Y, Jiang X. Nanocrystalline Cellulose Cures Constipation via Gut Microbiota Metabolism. ACS NANO 2022; 16:16481-16496. [PMID: 36129390 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Constipation can seriously affect the quality of life and increase the risk of colorectal cancer. The present strategies for constipation therapy have adverse effects, such as causing irreversible intestinal damage and affecting the absorption of nutrients. Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC), which is from natural plants, has good biocompatibility and high safety. Herein, we used NCC to treat constipation assessed by the black stool, intestinal tissue sections, and serum biomarkers. We studied the effect of NCC on gut microbiota and discussed the correlation of gut microbiota and metabolites. We evaluated the long-term biosafety of NCC. NCC could effectively treat constipation through gut microbiota metabolism, which required a small dosage and did not affect the organs and intestines. NCC could be used as an alternative to medications and dietary fiber for constipation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzheng Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruitao Cha
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenshuai Hao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Du
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Agricultural Synthetic Biology, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518124, People's Republic of China
| | - Pai Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingmo Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People's Republic of China
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4
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Tauroursodeoxycholic acid: a potential therapeutic tool in neurodegenerative diseases. Transl Neurodegener 2022; 11:33. [PMID: 35659112 PMCID: PMC9166453 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-022-00307-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Most neurodegenerative disorders are diseases of protein homeostasis, with misfolded aggregates accumulating. The neurodegenerative process is mediated by numerous metabolic pathways, most of which lead to apoptosis. In recent years, hydrophilic bile acids, particularly tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), have shown important anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective activities, with numerous experimental and clinical evidence suggesting their possible therapeutic use as disease-modifiers in neurodegenerative diseases. Experimental evidence on the mechanisms underlying TUDCA's neuroprotective action derives from animal models of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and cerebral ischemia. Preclinical studies indicate that TUDCA exerts its effects not only by regulating and inhibiting the apoptotic cascade, but also by reducing oxidative stress, protecting the mitochondria, producing an anti-neuroinflammatory action, and acting as a chemical chaperone to maintain the stability and correct folding of proteins. Furthermore, data from phase II clinical trials have shown TUDCA to be safe and a potential disease-modifier in ALS. ALS is the first neurodegenerative disease being treated with hydrophilic bile acids. While further clinical evidence is being accumulated for the other diseases, TUDCA stands as a promising treatment for neurodegenerative diseases.
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5
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Khosravi M. Lewy body dementia: Ursodeoxycholic acid as a putative treatment for gastrointestinal dysfunction. Eur J Transl Myol 2021; 31. [PMID: 34148337 PMCID: PMC8274226 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2021.9876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a part of the peripheral nervous system that regulates internal organs function at an involuntary unconscious level. Recent evidence has shown that autonomic dysfunction is a common feature of Lewy body dementia (LBD). A wide range of autonomic symptoms may occur in LBD, which are correlated with poor prognosis. However, there is still no evidence-based approach to developing the best therapeutic strategy for autonomic dysfunction (particularly gastrointestinal symptoms) among LBD patients. This paper was intended to present a new perspective on ursodeoxycholic acid and its potential effects for treating gastrointestinal dysfunction in LBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Khosravi
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan.
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6
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Steinsvik EK, Hatlebakk JG, Hausken T, Nylund K, Gilja OH. Ultrasound imaging for assessing functions of the GI tract. Physiol Meas 2021; 42:024002. [PMID: 33434898 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/abdad7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the following review we outline how ultrasound can be used to measure physiological processes in the gastrointestinal tract. APPROACH We have investigated the potential of ultrasound in assessing gastrointestinal physiology including original research regarding both basic methodology and clinical applications. MAIN RESULTS Our main findings show the use of ultrasound to study esophageal motility, measure volume and contractility of the stomach, assess motility, wall thickness, and perfusion of the small bowel, and evaluate wall vascularization and diameters of the large bowel. SIGNIFICANCE Ultrasound is a widely accessible technology that can be used for both scientific and clinical purposes. Being radiation-free and user friendly, the examination can be frequently repeated enabling longitudinal studies. Furthermore, it does not influence normal GI physiology, thus being useful to estimate motility and subtle changes in physiology. Accordingly, ultrasound scanning and physiological measurements may make a big difference for the scientist and the doctor; and for the patients who receive an efficient work-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth K Steinsvik
- National Center for Ultrasound in Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jan Gunnar Hatlebakk
- National Center for Ultrasound in Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Trygve Hausken
- National Center for Ultrasound in Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kim Nylund
- National Center for Ultrasound in Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Odd Helge Gilja
- National Center for Ultrasound in Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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7
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Zhao L, Yang W, Chen Y, Huang F, Lu L, Lin C, Huang T, Ning Z, Zhai L, Zhong LL, Lam W, Yang Z, Zhang X, Cheng C, Han L, Qiu Q, Shang X, Huang R, Xiao H, Ren Z, Chen D, Sun S, El-Nezami H, Cai Z, Lu A, Fang X, Jia W, Bian Z. A Clostridia-rich microbiota enhances bile acid excretion in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:438-450. [PMID: 31815740 PMCID: PMC6934182 DOI: 10.1172/jci130976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
An excess of fecal bile acids (BAs) is thought to be one of the mechanisms for diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). However, the factors causing excessive BA excretion remain incompletely studied. Given the importance of gut microbiota in BA metabolism, we hypothesized that gut dysbiosis might contribute to excessive BA excretion in IBS-D. By performing BA-related metabolic and metagenomic analyses in 290 IBS-D patients and 89 healthy volunteers, we found that 24.5% of IBS-D patients exhibited excessive excretion of total BAs and alteration of BA-transforming bacteria in feces. Notably, the increase in Clostridia bacteria (e.g., C. scindens) was positively associated with the levels of fecal BAs and serum 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one (C4), but negatively correlated with serum fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) concentration. Furthermore, colonization with Clostridia-rich IBS-D fecal microbiota or C. scindens individually enhanced serum C4 and hepatic conjugated BAs but reduced ileal FGF19 expression in mice. Inhibition of Clostridium species with vancomycin yielded opposite results. Clostridia-derived BAs suppressed the intestinal FGF19 expression in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the Clostridia-rich microbiota contributes to excessive BA excretion in IBS-D patients, which provides a mechanistic hypothesis with testable clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhao
- Institute of Brain and Gut Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Institute of Brain and Gut Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yang Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengjie Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Institute of Brain and Gut Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chengyuan Lin
- Institute of Brain and Gut Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Institute of Brain and Gut Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ziwan Ning
- Institute of Brain and Gut Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lixiang Zhai
- Institute of Brain and Gut Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Linda Ld Zhong
- Chinese Medicine Clinical Study Center, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Waiching Lam
- Chinese Medicine Clinical Study Center, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Chinese Medicine Clinical Study Center, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Chinese Medicine Clinical Study Center, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chungwah Cheng
- Chinese Medicine Clinical Study Center, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lijuan Han
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinwei Qiu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Shang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Runyue Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haitao Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhenxing Ren
- College of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongfeng Chen
- College of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Silong Sun
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hani El-Nezami
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- School of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Aiping Lu
- Chinese Medicine Clinical Study Center, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaodong Fang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,College of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Jia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus and Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Hawaii, USA
| | - Zhaoxiang Bian
- Institute of Brain and Gut Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Chinese Medicine Clinical Study Center, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
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8
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Fan Y, Wu SD, Fu BB, Weng C, Wang XP. Decreased number of interstitial cells of Cajal play an important role in the declined intestinal transit during cholesterol gallstone formation in guinea pigs fed on high cholesterol diet. Int J Clin Exp Med 2014; 7:1262-1268. [PMID: 24995081 PMCID: PMC4073742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To study the changes of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) and expression of c-kt and scf mRNA in terminal ileum tissue during cholesterol gallstone formation in guinea pigs fed on high cholesterol diet, forty guinea pigs were divided into the gallstone group and the control group. The animals in the gallstone group were fed on a high cholesterol diet (HCD), while those in the control group fed on a standard diet (StD). The guinea pigs were sacrificed at the 8th week. The expression of c-kit and scf in terminal ileum were determined by RT-PCR and the morphological characteristics and number of ICCs were observed and calculated by using immunohistochemistry. RT-PCR showed that, compared with the control group, the c-kit and scf mRNA expression levels in the gallstone group were significantly declined. In the animal assay, the decreased number of ICCs was present obviously in the gallstone group. We concluded from the study that decreased number of ICCs, decreased expression of c-kit and scf in terminal ileum are present in guinea pigs fed on high cholesterol diet. The c-kit/scf pathway inhibition might be involved in the decline of intestinal transit function during cholesterol gallstone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fan
- Department of The Second General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shuo-Dong Wu
- Department of The Second General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Bei-Bei Fu
- Department of The Second General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Chao Weng
- Department of The Second General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xin-Peng Wang
- Department of The Second General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
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9
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A new point-of-care portable immunosensor for non-invasive assessment of oro-ileal transit time by oral fluid tauroursodeoxycholate measurement after its oral load. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 81-82:1-7. [PMID: 23587552 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A non-invasive test for oro-ileal transit time (OITT) evaluation was developed, based on the measurement of tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) oral fluid concentration profile after its oral administration. Exploiting the fact that TUDCA is actively absorbed only in the ileum, OITT is measured as the time corresponding to TUDCA maximum oral fluid concentration (tmax). To measure oral fluid TUDCA concentration in a point-of-care setting, an ultrasensitive portable immunosensor was developed, based on a competitive chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (CL-EIA), using immobilized anti-TUDCA antibody and an ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA)-peroxidase conjugate as tracer, detected by enhanced chemiluminescence employing a portable charge-coupled device (CCD)-based device. The test was validated in 24 healthy subjects before and after treatment with Loperamide, a drug that increases OITT. The developed CL-EIA was accurate and precise, with a LLOQ of 50 pmol L(-1). The measured OITT for healthy subjects (291 ± 50 min) was fairly well correlated with OITT values obtained by measuring TUDCA in serum (r=0.89). An increased OITT was observed in all the studied subjects after Loperamide treatment. The CL immunosensor can be employed directly in gastroenterology and paediatric units and it can thus represent a new non-invasive simple test for OITT evaluation in a point-of-care setting, with improved diagnostic utility.
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Corradini SG, Ferri F, Mordenti M, Iuliano L, Siciliano M, Burza MA, Sordi B, Caciotti B, Pacini M, Poli E, Santis AD, Roda A, Colliva C, Simoni P, Attili AF. Beneficial effect of sulphate-bicarbonate-calcium water on gallstone risk and weight control. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:930-7. [PMID: 22408352 PMCID: PMC3297052 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i9.930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Revised: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/31/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effect of drinking sulphate-bicarbonate-calcium thermal water (TW) on risk factors for atherosclerosis and cholesterol gallstone disease.
METHODS: Postmenopausal women with functional dyspepsia and/or constipation underwent a 12 d cycle of thermal (n = 20) or tap (n = 20) water controlled drinking. Gallbladder fasting volume at ultrasound, blood vitamin E, oxysterols (7-β-hydroxycholesterol and 7-ketocholesterol), bile acid (BA), triglycerides, total/low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein cholesterol were measured at baseline and at the end of the study. Food consumption, stool frequency and body weight were recorded daily.
RESULTS: Blood lipids, oxysterols and vitamin E were not affected by either thermal or tap water consumption. Fasting gallbladder volume was significantly (P < 0.005) smaller at the end of the study than at baseline in the TW (15.7 ± 1.1 mL vs 20.1 ± 1.7 mL) but not in the tap water group (19.0 ± 1.4 mL vs 19.4 ± 1.5 mL). Total serum BA concentration was significantly (P < 0.05) higher at the end of the study than at baseline in the TW (5.83 ± 1.24 μmol vs 4.25 ± 1.00 μmol) but not in the tap water group (3.41 ± 0.46 μmol vs 2.91 ± 0.56 μmol). The increased BA concentration after TW consumption was mainly accounted for by glycochenodeoxycholic acid. The number of pasta (P < 0.001), meat (P < 0.001) and vegetable (P < 0.005) portions consumed during the study and of bowel movements per day (P < 0.05) were significantly higher in the TW than in the tap water group. Body weight did not change at the end of the study as compared to baseline in both groups.
CONCLUSION: Sulphate-bicarbonate-calcium water consumption has a positive effect on lithogenic risk and intestinal transit and allows maintenance of a stable body weight despite a high food intake.
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Cuperus FJC, Iemhoff AA, Verkade HJ. Combined treatment strategies for unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in Gunn rats. Pediatr Res 2011; 70:560-5. [PMID: 21857383 DOI: 10.1203/pdr.0b013e31823240bc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We recently demonstrated that acceleration of the gastrointestinal transit by polyethylene glycol (PEG) treats unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in jaundiced Gunn rats. It is unclear whether acceleration of gastrointestinal transit also (partly) underlies the therapeutic effects of established hypobilirubinemic treatments or whether PEG cotreatment might enhance these effects. We treated Gunn rats with phototherapy (17 μW/cm2/nm), orlistat (200 mg/kg chow), ursodeoxycholate (5 g/kg chow), or calcium phosphate (CaP) (20 g/kg chow) either as single treatment or in combination with PEG. Three weeks of phototherapy, orlistat, ursodeoxycholic acid, or CaP treatment decreased plasma unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) levels by 47, 27, 28, and 45%, respectively (each p < 0.001), without a significant impact on gastrointestinal transit time. PEG cotreatment accelerated the gastrointestinal transit in all treatment groups, which resulted in an additive hypobilirubinemic effect of -20% and -26% (final plasma UCB -67 and -53%, respectively) in phototherapy- and orlistat-treated animals. PEG cotreatment did not enhance the hypobilirubinemic effect of ursodeoxycholic acid or CaP. We conclude that phototherapy, orlistat, ursodoxycholic acid, and CaP do not exert their hypobilirubinemic effect via acceleration of the gastrointestinal transit. PEG cotreatment enhanced the hypobilirubinemic effects of phototherapy and of orlistat treatment. Current results support a clinical trial to evaluate PEG cotreatment during phototherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frans J C Cuperus
- Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children's Hospital-University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
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Veedfald S, Penninga L, Wettergren A, Gluud C. Bile acids for biliary colic. THE COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd009253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Veedfald
- Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital; Department of Surgery and Transplantation C2122; Blegdamsvej 9 Copenhagen Denmark DK-2100
| | - Luit Penninga
- Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Department 3344,; Blegdamsvej 9 Copenhagen Denmark DK-2100
| | - Andre Wettergren
- Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital; Department of Surgery and Transplantation C2122; Blegdamsvej 9 Copenhagen Denmark DK-2100
| | - Christian Gluud
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Department 3344, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital; Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group; Blegdamsvej 9 Copenhagen Denmark DK-2100
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Said K, Edsborg N, Albiin N, Bergquist A. Gallbladder emptying in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. World J Gastroenterol 2009; 15:3498-503. [PMID: 19630104 PMCID: PMC2715975 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.15.3498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To assess gallbladder emptying and its association with cholecystitis and abdominal pain in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC).
METHODS: Twenty patients with PSC and ten healthy subjects were investigated. Gallbladder fasting volume, ejection fraction and residual volume after ingestion of a test meal were compared in patients with PSC and healthy controls using magnetic resonance imaging. Symptoms, thickness and contrast enhancement of the gallbladder wall and the presence of cystic duct strictures were also assessed.
RESULTS: Median fasting gallbladder volume in patients with PSC [67 (19-348) mL] was twice that in healthy controls [32 (16-55) mL] (P < 0.05). The median postprandial gallbladder volume in patients with PSC was significantly larger than that in healthy controls (P < 0.05). There was no difference in ejection fraction, gallbladder emptying volume or mean thickness of the gallbladder wall between PSC patients and controls. Contrast enhancement of the gallbladder wall in PSC patients was higher than that in controls; (69% ± 32%) and (42% ± 21%) (P < 0.05). No significant association was found between the gallbladder volumes and occurrence of abdominal pain in patients and controls.
CONCLUSION: Patients with PSC have increased fasting gallbladder volume. Gallbladder Mucosal dysfunction secondary to chronic cholecystitis, may be a possible mechanism for increased gallbladder.
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Guarino MPL, Cong P, Cicala M, Alloni R, Carotti S, Behar J. Ursodeoxycholic acid improves muscle contractility and inflammation in symptomatic gallbladders with cholesterol gallstones. Gut 2007; 56:815-20. [PMID: 17185355 PMCID: PMC1954869 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2006.109934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/08/2006] [Accepted: 12/08/2006] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the mechanisms of action of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) on gallbladder (GB) muscle cells in patients with symptomatic cholesterol gallstones (GSs) as it reduces the incidence of acute cholecystitis. DESIGN AND PATIENTS A double-blind study was performed on 15 patients, 7 randomised to UDCA and 8 to placebo, treated for 4 weeks before cholecystectomy. Muscle contraction induced by cholecystokinin (CCK)-8, acetylcholine (ACh) and potassium chloride (KCl) was determined in enzymatically isolated GB muscle cells, and cholesterol levels were determined in plasma membranes. H(2)O(2), lipid peroxidation, platelet-activating factor (PAF)-like lipids, prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) and catalase activity were determined as biochemical markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in muscle cells. RESULTS UDCA significantly increased GB muscle cell contraction induced by all concentrations of CCK-8, ACh and KCl, and reduced the plasma membrane cholesterol (mean (SD) 0.32 (0.16) vs 0.72 (0.5) micromol/mg of protein) compared with placebo. In GB muscle cells, UDCA treatment significantly decreased the levels of H(2)O(2) (4.4 (1.9) vs 13.7 (5.3) micromol/mg of protein), lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde levels 1.3 (0.4) vs 2.52 (0.7) nmol/100 mg of protein), PAF-like lipids (8.9 (4.9) vs 29.6 (7.1) pg/mg of protein) as well as the production of PGE(2) (142 (47) vs 365 (125) pg/mg of protein) and catalase activity (14.5 (9.4) vs 35.8 (12.7) units/mg of protein) when compared with placebo. CONCLUSION These studies suggest that UDCA treatment improves GB muscle contractility by decreasing the cholesterol content in the plasma membrane of muscle cells, and the biochemical parameters of oxidative stress, thus explaining its possible therapeutic mechanisms in patients with symptoms of cholesterol GSs.
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