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Karbasian F, Mashhadiagha A, Anbardar MH, Ataollahi M, Dehghani SM, Honar N, Haghighat M, Imanieh MH, Sayadi M, Shahramian I, Aghsam A, Hosseini A, Mahadavi Mortazavi SM, Darban B, Avazpour A, Mirrahimi B, Ruzbahani AK, Tadayon A. Questioning Diagnostic Value of Serum Matrix Metalloproteinase 7 for Biliary Atresia. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2023; 13:265-272. [PMID: 36950494 PMCID: PMC10025680 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP7) has been suggested as a promising biomarker in diagnosing biliary atresia (BA). This study aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of serum MMP7 in BA in the Middle Eastern population. Methods and materials In this cross-sectional study, neonates and infants with direct hyperbilirubinemia admitted to Namazi referral hospital, Shiraz, Iran, were studied. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics and blood samples were obtained on admission. MMP7 serum concentration was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ZellBio GmbH, Ulm, Germany). Results 44 infants with a mean age of 65.59 days were studied. Of these patients, 13 cases were diagnosed with BA, and 31 cases' cholestasis related to other etiologies. Serum MMP7 concertation was 2.13 ng/mL in the BA group and 1.85 ng/mL in the non-BA group. MMP7 was significantly higher in those presented with either dark urine or acholic stool. The predictive performance capability of the MMP7 was not significant in the discrimination of BA from the non-BA group based on receiver operating characteristic curve analysis (area under curve: 0.6, 95% confidence interval: 0.45-0.75). In the optimal cut of point 1.9, the sensitivity and specificity were 84.6% and 45.1%, respectively. Further combination of MMP7 with Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase, direct and total bilirubin, and dark urine or acholic stool was not remarkably boosted the diagnostic accuracy of the test. Interestingly, GGT at a cut-off point of 230 U/L was 84.6% sensitive and 90.3% specific for BA. Conclusion Our results are not consistent with previous studies on this subject. Considering more conventional and available tests like GGT besides conducting future studies with greater samples and different geographical areas is recommended.
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Key Words
- ALP, Alkaline phosphatase
- BA, Biliary atresia
- DB, Direct bilirubin
- GGT, Gamma-glutamyl transferase
- KPE, Kasai portoenterostomy
- LT, Liver transplantation
- MMP7, Matrix metalloproteinase 7
- MRCP, Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography
- PFIC, Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis
- PIBD, Paucity of interlobular bile ducts
- TSB, Total serum bilirubin
- biliary atresia
- cholestasis
- kasai portoenterostomy
- matrix metalloproteinase 7
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Karbasian
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amirali Mashhadiagha
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Ataollahi
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed M. Dehghani
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Naser Honar
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahmood Haghighat
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad H. Imanieh
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehrab Sayadi
- Medical Faculty, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran
| | - Iraj Shahramian
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Aghsam
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Hosseini
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Behnaz Darban
- Department of Pediatrics, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Abbas Avazpour
- Department of Pediatrics, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Bahador Mirrahimi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arian K. Ruzbahani
- Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Ali Tadayon
- Department of Surgery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Chen WC, Lo HY, Tsai YS, Yang YJ. The accuracy of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in the diagnosis of biliary atresia in preterm infants with cholestasis. Pediatr Neonatol 2023; 64:12-18. [PMID: 36045011 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is a useful and non-invasive method to diagnose biliary atresia (BA) in term infants, however few studies have investigated its use in preterm infants. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of MRCP in the diagnosis of BA in preterm infants with cholestasis. METHODS Infants aged less than 6 months who received MRCP for cholestasis at a tertiary medical center were enrolled from 2011 to 2020. Demographic and laboratory data were retrospectively obtained. One pediatric radiologist reviewed the MRCP images. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy of MRCP to diagnose BA based on surgical proof or at least 6 months of follow-up were assessed. RESULTS A total of 80 infants (36 preterm and 44 term) were analyzed. The mean post-chronological age was 1.8 months, and the female-to-male ratio was 0.78. Six (16.7%) preterm and 16 (36.4%) term infants were confirmed to have BA. BA was obscured by a choledochal cyst preoperatively in two term infants. In the preterm infants, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy of MRCP to diagnose BA were 100%, 77%, 46%, 100%, and 81%, respectively, compared to 81%, 86%, 76%, 89%, and 84% in the term infants. Using MRCP to differentiate BA from other cholestasis in the preterm infants had superior sensitivity (100% vs. 81%) and NPV (100% vs. 89%), and lower specificity (77% vs. 86%) and PPV (46% vs. 76%) than in the term infants. CONCLUSIONS Negative MRCP findings can be used to exclude BA in preterm infants with cholestasis based on a favorable NPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Che Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Yu Lo
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institutes of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shan Tsai
- Department of Medical Imaging, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Clinical Innovation and Research Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Jong Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institutes of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Yang P, Tang Y, Wang H, Zhang X, Yang B. Latest diagnostic performance of different ultrasonic features for biliary atresia. Acta Radiol 2021; 63:1593-1602. [PMID: 34854739 DOI: 10.1177/02841851211055820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early diagnosis of biliary atresia (BA) is an important clinical challenge. PURPOSE To summarize the latest diagnostic performance of different ultrasonic (US) features for BA. MATERIAL AND METHODS MeSH terms "biliary atresia" and "ultrasonography" and related hyponyms were used to search PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Eligible articles were included and data were retrieved. The methodologic quality was assessed by version 2 of the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool. Estimated sensitivity and specificity of each US feature were calculated by Stata 14.0. RESULTS Fifty eligible studies on 5622 patients were included. Respective summary sensitivity and specificity were 77% (95% CI=69-84) and 98% (95% CI=96-99) for triangular cord sign (TCS) in 32 studies, 86% (95% CI=78-92) and 86% (95% CI=72-94) for shear wave elastography (SWE) in seven studies, 75% (95% CI=65-83) and 92% (95% CI=86-95) for gallbladder and biliary system abnormality (GBA) in 25 studies, and 81% (95% CI=69-90) and 79% (95% CI=67-87) for hepatic artery (HA) enlargement in seven studies. The overall US features from 11 studies yielded a summary sensitivity of 84% (95% CI=72-92) and specificity of 86% (95% CI=77-92). CONCLUSION TCS and GBA were the two most widely accepted US features currently used for differential diagnosis of BA. The newly developed SWE was an objective and convenient method with good diagnostic performance. HA enlargement can be used as an auxiliary sign.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Yang
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yajie Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hongying Wang
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiangxiang Zhang
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Boyang Yang
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
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Mohamadien NRA, Makboul R, Galal SM, Mostafa NM. Role of hepatobiliary scintigraphy with different semi-quantitative parameters along with histopathological scoring in differentiating biliary atresia from neonatal hepatitis. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43055-021-00482-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Biliary atresia (BA) and neonatal hepatitis (NH) are the two major causes of neonatal cholestasis (NC). However, both conditions had entirely different therapeutic schedule and prognosis. Considering BA as a surgical emergency, it is pretty important to accurately differentiate the two entities. The aim of the study is to evaluate the diagnostic utility of hepatobiliary scintigraphy (HBS) using a semi-quantitative technique as well as 15-point histopathological scoring system in differentiating BA from NH.
Results
The sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy of HBS in the diagnosis of BA was 90.5%, 80%, and 83.6%, respectively. The median values of kidney-liver ratio (KLR), intestinal-liver ratio (ILR), and background-liver ratio (BLR) were significantly higher in patients with BA, while that of the liver-kidney ratio (LKR) was significantly lower in cases with BA. Moreover, KLR had the largest area under curve (AUC); advocates it to be the best of the semi-quantitative parameters that can predicts BA. Histopathological scoring using a cutoff point ≥ 7 was helpful in discriminating BA from NH with 85.7% sensitivity, 95% specificity and 91.8% accuracy.
Conclusions
HBS is a non-invasive diagnostic tool frequently used in diagnosis of BA, yet it has a relatively low specificity. To overcome this challenge, we kindly recommend the use of semi-quantitative parameters that could possibly improve the accuracy of HBS for diagnosing BA. Additionally, the use of 15-point scoring for liver biopsy was useful.
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Poddighe D, Madiyeva A, Talipova D, Umirbekova B. Infantile giant cell hepatitis with autoimmune hemolytic anemia. World J Hepatol 2021; 13:411-420. [PMID: 33959224 PMCID: PMC8080548 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i4.411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Giant cell hepatitis (GCH) is characterized by large and multinucleated (syncytial) hepatocytes in the context of liver inflammation. Infantile GCH is typically associated with autoimmune hemolytic anemia in the absence of any other systemic or organ-specific autoimmune comorbidity. The etiology is unknown; concomitant viral infections (as potential trigger factors) have been identified in a few patients. The pathogenesis reportedly relies upon immune-mediated/ autoimmune mechanisms. This condition should be considered in any infant developing Coombs-positive anemia; indeed, anemia usually precedes the development of hepatitis. The clinical course is usually aggressive without the appropriate immunosuppressive therapy, which may include steroids, conventional immunosuppressors (e.g., azathioprine and cyclophosphamide as first-line treatments), intravenous immunoglobulin, and biologics (rituximab). Improvements in medical management (including the availability of rituximab) have significantly reduced the mortality of this condition in the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Poddighe
- Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
- Department of Pediatrics, National Research Center for Maternal and Child Health, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Aidana Madiyeva
- Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Diana Talipova
- Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Balzhan Umirbekova
- Department of Pediatrics, National Research Center for Maternal and Child Health, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
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Misra S, Majumdar K, Sakhuja P, Jain P, Singh L, Kumar P, Dubey AP. Differentiating Biliary Atresia From Idiopathic Neonatal Hepatitis: A Novel Keratin 7 Based Mathematical Approach on Liver Biopsies. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2021; 24:103-115. [PMID: 33439108 DOI: 10.1177/1093526620983730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Differentiating biliary atresia (BA) from idiopathic neonatal hepatitis (INH) is vital in routine pediatric practice. However, on liver biopsy, few cases offer a diagnostic challenge to discriminate these entities with certainty. Bile ductular reaction (DR), intermediate hepatobiliary cells (IHBC) and extra-portal ductules (EPD) indicate progenitor cell activation, as a response to various hepatic insults. The present study aims to quantify DR, IHBC and EPD by Keratin 7 (CK7) immunohistochemistry (IHC) in BA and INH and to devise a mathematical approach to better differentiate the two, especially in histologically equivocal cases. METHODS A total of 98 cases were categorized on biopsy as BA, INH or equivocal histology, favoring BA or INH. CK7 DR mean, IHBC mean and EPD mean values were compared between BA and INH. A formula was derived to help distinguish these two entities, the cut-off value, sensitivity and specificity of which were determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. This formula was applied and validated on histologically equivocal cases. RESULTS Univariate logistic regression revealed significant difference between BA and INH with respect to CK7 DR and CK7 EPD mean (p < 0.001 in both); however, CK7 IHBC mean was not significant (p = 0.08). On multivariate logistic regression, only CK7 DR had significant impact on diagnosis (p < 0.001). A formula: (CK7 DR)2 + (CK7 EPD)/(CK7 IHBC) was derived to help distinguish BA from INH. Cut off value of 10.5 and above, determined by ROC curve, favored a diagnosis of BA (sensitivity= 93.4%, specificity= 94.6%). Histologically equivocal and discrepant cases could be correctly categorized using this formula. CONCLUSIONS Formula using CK7 IHC parameters may aid pathologists better distinguish BA from INH, especially in histologically equivocal cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunayana Misra
- Department of Pathology, GB Pant Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Kaushik Majumdar
- Department of Pathology, GB Pant Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Puja Sakhuja
- Department of Pathology, GB Pant Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Priyanka Jain
- Department of Clinical Research, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Lavleen Singh
- Department of Pathology, Chacha Nehru Bal Chikitsalaya, New Delhi, India
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Lady Hardinge Medical College, Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - A P Dubey
- Department of Pediatrics, Maulana Azad Medical College, Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Choochuen P, Kritsaneepaiboon S, Charoonratana V, Sangkhathat S. Is "gallbladder length-to-width ratio" useful in diagnosing biliary atresia? J Pediatr Surg 2019; 54:1946-1952. [PMID: 30765154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The accurate assessment of gallbladder shape and wall abnormalities by ultrasound (US) in diagnosing biliary atresia (BA) remains a subjective determination. The objective of this study was to examine the reliability of gallbladder length-to-width ratio (LTWR) by US measurement for diagnosis of BA. METHODS One hundred infants with conjugated hyperbilirubinemia and unknown cause of jaundice who underwent transabdominal US from February 2009 to February 2017 were enrolled. The gallbladder classification and other detailed US findings were reviewed. RESULTS There were statistical differences in gallbladder lumen, classification, length, width and LTWR of gallbladder (all P < 0.05) between BA and non-BA groups. The gallbladder LTWR with a cutoff at 4.1 had the highest sensitivity of 71.7%, while the fibrotic cord thickness had the highest specificity of 95.9%. The combination of portal vein (PV) diameter > 4.4 mm, hepatic artery (HA) diameter > 1.2 mm, and gallbladder LTWR >4.1, provided much higher specificity (98%), odds ratio (11), and positive likelihood ratio (LR+) (10.6). CONCLUSION The gallbladder LTWR by US could be a suggestive US parameter for BA screening. The triad of PV diameter, HA diameter, and gallbladder LTWR yielded the highest specificity, odds ratio, and LR+ for diagnosing BA. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III study of diagnostic test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panjai Choochuen
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90110, Thailand
| | - Supika Kritsaneepaiboon
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90110, Thailand.
| | - Vorawan Charoonratana
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90110, Thailand
| | - Surasak Sangkhathat
- Pediatric Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90110, Thailand
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Houghton E. Complex percutaneous biliary procedures: Review and contributions of a high volume team. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GASTROINTESTINAL INTERVENTION 2019. [DOI: 10.18528/ijgii180036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Wang L, Yang Y, Chen Y, Zhan J. Early differential diagnosis methods of biliary atresia: a meta-analysis. Pediatr Surg Int 2018; 34:363-380. [PMID: 29397405 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-018-4229-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the accuracy of early differential diagnosis methods of biliary atresia in patients with infantile cholestasis. METHODS We searched PubMed, EMBASE and the Web of Science databases for articles evaluated the early differential diagnosis methods of biliary atresia. The methodological quality of each study was assessed with version 2 of the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool. Two reviewers extracted data independently. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (LR +), negative likelihood ratio (LR -), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) with 95% CIs were calculated to assess each diagnosis method. RESULTS A total of 38 articles were included. Summary sensitivity and specificity were 77% (95% CI 74-80%) and 93% (95% CI 91-94%), respectively, for B-US in 23 studies; 96% (95% CI 92-98%) and 58% (95% CI 51-65%), respectively, for MRCP in five studies; 87% (95% CI 82-91%) and 78% (95% CI 74-82%), respectively, for acholic stool in seven studies; 84% (95% CI 78-89%) and 97% (95% CI 97-98%), respectively, for serum liver function test in seven studies; 96% (95% CI 94-97%) and 73% (95% CI 70-76%), respectively, for hepatobiliary scintigraphy in 18 studies; 98% (95% CI 96-99%) and 93% (95% CI 89-95%), respectively, for percutaneous liver biopsy in 11 studies. CONCLUSION The accuracy rate of percutaneous liver biopsy is better than all of the noninvasive methods. Take into consideration the advantages and disadvantages of the six methods, combination of multidisciplinary noninvasive diagnosis methods is the first choice for differential diagnosis of BA from other causes of neonatal cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Jianghua Zhan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin, 300134, China.
- Tianjin Pediatrics Research Institute, Tianjin, 300134, China.
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Clinical Assessment of Differential Diagnostic Methods in Infants with Cholestasis due to Biliary Atresia or Non-Biliary Atresia. Curr Med Sci 2018; 38:137-143. [PMID: 30074163 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-018-1857-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The different methods in differentiating biliary atresia (BA) from non-BA-related cholestasis were evaluated in order to provide a practical basis for a rapid, early and accurate differential diagnosis of the diseases. 396 infants with cholestatic jaundice were studied prospectively during the period of May 2007 to June 2011. The liver function in all subjects was tested. All cases underwent abdominal ultrasonography and duodenal fluid examination. Most cases were subjected to hepatobiliary scintigraphy, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and a percutaneous liver biopsy. The diagnosis of BA was finally made by cholangiography or histopathologic examination. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of these various methods were compared. 178 patients (108 males and 70 females with a mean age of 58±30 days) were diagnosed as having BA. 218 patients (136 males and 82 females with a mean age of 61 ±24 days) were diagnosed as having non-BA etiologies of cholestasis jaundice during the follow-up period in which jaundice faded after treatment with medical therapy. For diagnosis of BA, clinical evaluation, hepatomegaly, stool color, serum gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), duodenal juice color, bile acid in duodenal juice, ultrasonography (gallbladder), ultrasonography (griangular cord or strip-apparent hyperechoic foci), hepatobiliary scintigraphy, MRCP, liver biopsy had an accuracy of 76.0%, 51.8%, 84.3%, 70.0%, 92.4%, 98.0%, 90.4%, 67.2%, 85.3%, 83.2% and 96.6%, a sensitivity of 83.1%, 87.6%, 96.1%, 73.7%, 90.4%, 100%, 92.7%, 27.5%, 100%, 89.0% and 97.4%, a specificity of 70.2%, 77.5%, 74.8%, 67.0%, 94.0%, 96.3%, 88.5%, 99.5%, 73.3%, 75.4% and 94.3%, a positive predictive value of 69.0%, 72.6%, 75.7%, 64.6%, 92.5%, 95.7%, 86.8%, 98.0%, 75.4%, 82.6% and 98.0%, and a negative predictive value of 83.6%, 8.5%, 95.9%, 75.7%, 92.3%, 100%, 84.2%, 93.7%, 100%, 84.0% and 92.6%, respectively. It was concluded that all the differential diagnosis methods are useful. The test for duodenal drainage and elements is fast and accurate. It is helpful in the differential diagnosis of BA and non-BA etiologies of cholestasis. It shows good practical value clinically.
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Yoon HM, Suh CH, Kim JR, Lee JS, Jung AY, Cho YA. Diagnostic Performance of Sonographic Features in Patients With Biliary Atresia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2017; 36:2027-2038. [PMID: 28556285 DOI: 10.1002/jum.14234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the diagnostic performance of sonographic features of biliary atresia in patients with infantile cholestasis. METHODS The Ovid-MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched for studies of the diagnostic performance of sonographic features of biliary atresia in patients with infantile cholestasis. A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the triangular cord sign and other sonographic features in patients with biliary atresia. RESULTS Seventeen eligible studies with 1444 patients were included. The triangular cord sign had high accuracy for diagnosing biliary atresia: the meta-analytic summary sensitivity and specificity were 85% (95% confidence interval, 77%-90%) and 97% (95% confidence interval, 94%-99%), respectively. The area under the hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.97. Meta-regression analysis revealed that the cutoff thickness of the triangular cord sign (3 or 4 mm) was a significant factor affecting study heterogeneity (P < .01). The proportions of nonidentification of the gallbladder (GB) ranged from 0% to 53%. Abnormal GB morphologic characteristics, nonvisualization of the common bile duct, and the presence of hepatic subcapsular flow showed relatively high sensitivities and specificities. CONCLUSIONS The triangular cord sign and other sonographic features, including abnormal GB morphologic characteristics, nonvisualization of the common bile duct, and the presence of hepatic subcapsular flow, had high diagnostic performance for the diagnosis of biliary atresia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Mang Yoon
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chong Hyun Suh
- Department of Radiology, Namwon Medical Center, Namwon, Korea
| | - Jeong Rye Kim
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Seong Lee
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ah Young Jung
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Ah Cho
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Wang X, Qian L, Jia L, Bellah R, Wang N, Xin Y, Liu Q. Utility of Shear Wave Elastography for Differentiating Biliary Atresia From Infantile Hepatitis Syndrome. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2016; 35:1475-1479. [PMID: 27229132 DOI: 10.7863/ultra.15.08031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential utility of shear wave elastography (SWE) for diagnosis of biliary atresia and for differentiating biliary atresia from infantile hepatitis syndrome by measuring liver stiffness. METHODS Thirty-eight patients with biliary atresia and 17 patients with infantile hepatitis syndrome were included, along with 31 healthy control infants. The 3 groups underwent SWE. The hepatic tissue of each patient with biliary atresia had been surgically biopsied. Statistical analyses for mean values of the 3 groups were performed. Optimum cutoff values using SWE for differentiation between the biliary atresia and control groups were calculated by a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. RESULTS The mean SWE values ± SD for the 3 groups were as follows: biliary atresia group, 20.46 ± 10.19 kPa; infantile hepatitis syndrome group, 6.29 ± 0.99 kPa; and control group, 6.41 ± 1.08 kPa. The mean SWE value for the biliary atresia group was higher than the values for the control and infantile hepatitis syndrome groups (P < .01). The mean SWE values between the control and infantile hepatitis syndrome groups were not statistically different. The ROC analysis showed a cutoff value of 8.68 kPa for differentiation between the biliary atresia and control groups. The area under the ROC curve was 0.997, with sensitivity of 97.4%, specificity of 100%, a positive predictive value of 100%, and a negative predictive value of 96.9%. Correlation analysis suggested a positive correlation between SWE values and age for patients with biliary atresia, with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.463 (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS The significant increase in liver SWE values in neonates and infants with biliary atresia supports their application for differentiating biliary atresia from infantile hepatitis syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoman Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Linxue Qian
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liqun Jia
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Richard Bellah
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Xin
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qinglin Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Lee JYJ, Sullivan K, El Demellawy D, Nasr A. The value of preoperative liver biopsy in the diagnosis of extrahepatic biliary atresia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Pediatr Surg 2016; 51:753-61. [PMID: 26932252 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2016.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In extrahepatic biliary atresia (EHBA) obstruction of the biliary tree causes severe cholestasis leading to cirrhosis and death if left untreated in a timely manner. Infants with cholestasis may undergo many tests before EHBA diagnosis is reached. The role and place of preoperative liver biopsy in the diagnostic paradigm for EHBA have not been established. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL to obtain all publications describing the sensitivity/specificity/accuracy/positive predictive value (PPV)/negative predictive value (NPV) of preoperative liver biopsy in infants with cholestasis. Screening, data extraction, and quality assessment were done in duplicate. Extracted data are described narratively and analyzed using forest plots and receiver operating characteristic curves. RESULTS A total of 22 articles were included. Overall, the pooled accuracy of preoperative liver biopsy was 91.7%, with a sensitivity of 91.2%, specificity of 93.0% (n=1231), PPV of 91.2%, NPV of 92.5% (n=1182), and accuracy of 91.6% (n=1106). In patients who were 60days or less at time of presentation or diagnosis, the pooled sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy were 96.4%, 96.3%, 95.8%, 96.3%, and 94.9%, respectively. CONCLUSION Quantitative analysis demonstrated preoperative biopsy to be both highly specific and sensitive in diagnosing EHBA preoperatively. It is a highly reliable test that offers a means of arriving at an early definitive diagnosis of EHBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Y J Lee
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8M5
| | - Katrina Sullivan
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Pediatric Surgery, 401 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1
| | - Dina El Demellawy
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8M5; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Pediatric Pathology, 401 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1
| | - Ahmed Nasr
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8M5; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Pediatric Surgery, 401 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1.
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Rafeey M, Saboktakin L, Hasani JS, Naghashi S. Diagnostic value of anti-smooth muscle antibodies and liver enzymes in differentiation of extrahepatic biliary atresia and idiopathic neonatal hepatitis. Afr J Paediatr Surg 2016; 13:63-8. [PMID: 27251654 PMCID: PMC4955439 DOI: 10.4103/0189-6725.182558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of anti-smooth muscle antibodies (ASMA) and two liver markers (gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase [GGT] and alkaline phosphatase [ALP]) for differentiating between patients with extrahepatic biliary atresia (EHBA) and idiopathic neonatal hepatitis (INH). MATERIALS AND METHODS During April 2010-2011, all infants at 2 weeks of age who were diagnosed with cholestasis and admitted to Children's Hospital of Tabriz were enrolled. Based on the results of physical examination, laboratory, imaging and pathological studies, neonates were divided into two groups (EHBA and INH). Receiver operating characteristics analysis was used to define sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy for ASMA, GGT and ALP. RESULTS Thirty neonates with cholestasis (18 with EHBA and 12 with INH) and mean age of 54.66 25.86 days were enrolled. Total and direct bilirubin, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase and ASMA titres were highly not significant (P > 0.05) in patients with INH. GGT (P = 0.008) and ALP (P = 0.01) had statistically significant differences that were higher in patients with EHBA. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV, accuracy, LR+ and LR- of SMA in differentiating cases with BA were 66.7%, 75%, 80% 60%, 70%, 2.68 and 0.44, respectively. For GGT, the values were 88.9%, 66.7%, 80%, 80%, 79.1%, 3.08 and 0.31, respectively. Finally, for ALP, the values were 77.8%, 75%, 82.4%, 69.2%, 80%, 2.66 and 0.24, respectively. CONCLUSION Our study showed that ASMA may be a useful biomarker for differentiation of EHBA from INH. Further studies with larger samples are recommended for confirming the results of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandana Rafeey
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Lida Saboktakin
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jamshid Shoa Hasani
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shahnaz Naghashi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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He JP, Hao Y, Wang XL, Yang XJ, Shao JF, Feng JX. Comparison of different noninvasive diagnostic methods for biliary atresia: a meta-analysis. World J Pediatr 2016; 12:35-43. [PMID: 26684313 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-015-0071-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was undertaken to retrospectively analyze the accuracy of different methods in differentiating biliary atresia from neonatal jaundice. METHODS A search was made in MEDLINE, and the Web of Science for relevant original articles published in English; methodological quality of the included studies was also assessed. Two reviewers extracted data independently. Studies were pooled, summary receiver operating characteristics curve and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) with corresponding confidence intervals were calculated. RESULTS For diagnosis of biliary atresia, ultrasonography (US), hepatic scintigraphy (HBS), and magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRCP) had a pooled sensitivity of 74.9% (range: 70.4%-79.1%), 93.4% (range: 90.3%-95.7%) and 89.7% (range: 84.8%-93.4%), a specificity of 93.4% (range: 91.4%-95.1%), 69.2% (range: 65.1%-73.1%) and 64.7% (range: 58.0%-71.0%), a positive likelihood ratio of 12.16 (range: 6.41-23.08), 3.01 (range: 2.15-4.20) and 3.10 (range: 1.59-6.06), a negative likelihood ratio of 0.23 (range: 0.13-0.38), 0.13 (range: 0.06-0.25) and 0.16 (range: 0.06-0.44), DOR of 72.56 (range: 27.34-192.58), 29.88 (range: 12.82-69.64) and 32.48 (range: 8.22-128.29), with an area under the curve of 0.96, 0.91, and 0.92, and Q value of 0.90, 0.85, and 0.85, respectively. CONCLUSIONS US, HBS and MRCP can be very useful for the diagnostic work-up of neonatal cholestasis. To improve the sensitivity and specificity, several additional measures can be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Peng He
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun Hao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Jin Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing-Fan Shao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie-Xiong Feng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Motamed F, Khalili A, Salamati P, Moradi G, Najafi Sani M, Khodadad A, Fallahi GH, Farahmand F, Monajjemzadeh M. Diagnostic Evaluation of Neonatal Cholestasis: HIDA Scan and Alagille Criteria. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY 2015; 11:e6382. [PMID: 25780551 PMCID: PMC4347753 DOI: 10.5812/iranjradiol.6382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 12/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Motamed
- Department of Pediatric Gastroentrology, Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Khalili
- Department of Pediatric Gastroentrology, Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payman Salamati
- Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center (ADIR), Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding author: Payman Salamati, Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center (ADIR), Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Tel: +98-2166757001-8/+98-9123158950, Fax: +98-2166757009, E-mail:
| | - Golnaz Moradi
- Department of Radiology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehri Najafi Sani
- Department of Pediatric Gastroentrology, Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Khodadad
- Department of Pediatric Gastroentrology, Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholam Hossein Fallahi
- Department of Pediatric Gastroentrology, Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Farahmand
- Department of Pediatric Gastroentrology, Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Monajjemzadeh
- Department of Pathology, Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Götze T, Blessing H, Grillhösl C, Gerner P, Hoerning A. Neonatal Cholestasis - Differential Diagnoses, Current Diagnostic Procedures, and Treatment. Front Pediatr 2015; 3:43. [PMID: 26137452 PMCID: PMC4470262 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2015.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholestatic jaundice in early infancy is a complex diagnostic problem. Misdiagnosis of cholestasis as physiologic jaundice delays the identification of severe liver diseases. In the majority of infants, prolonged physiologic jaundice represent benign cases of breast milk jaundice, but few among them are masked and caused by neonatal cholestasis (NC) that requires a prompt diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, a prolonged neonatal jaundice, longer than 2 weeks after birth, must always be investigated because an early diagnosis is essential for appropriate management. To rapidly identify the cases with cholestatic jaundice, the conjugated bilirubin needs to be determined in any infant presenting with prolonged jaundice at 14 days of age with or without depigmented stool. Once NC is confirmed, a systematic approach is the key to reliably achieve the diagnosis in order to promptly initiate the specific, and in many cases, life-saving therapy. This strategy is most important to promptly identify and treat infants with biliary atresia, the most common cause of NC, as this requires a hepatoportoenterostomy as soon as possible. Here, we provide a detailed work-up approach including initial treatment recommendations and a clinically oriented overview of possible differential diagnoses in order to facilitate the early recognition and a timely diagnosis of cholestasis. This approach warrants a broad spectrum of diagnostic procedures and investigations including new methods that are described in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Götze
- Department for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg , Erlangen , Germany
| | - Holger Blessing
- Department for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg , Erlangen , Germany
| | - Christian Grillhösl
- Department for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg , Erlangen , Germany
| | - Patrick Gerner
- Department for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg , Freiburg , Germany
| | - André Hoerning
- Department for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg , Erlangen , Germany
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Evaluation of cholestasis in Iranian infants less than three months of age. GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY FROM BED TO BENCH 2015; 8:42-8. [PMID: 25584175 PMCID: PMC4285931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study is to find-out the possible etiologies in Iranian infants less than three months in Shiraz, South of Iran. BACKGROUND Cholestatic jaundice most probably occurs due to a pathological condition and the most frequent causes in early infancy are neonatal hepatitis and biliary atresia. Early diagnosis and treatment of infantile cholestasis can improve prognosis of liver diseases by prevention of the complications of these disorders. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this retrospective study, 122 infants under 3 months of age with cholestasis were studied in Nemazee Hospital (affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences) during the years 2001-2011. Demographic data, duration of jaundice, liver biopsy and the causes of cholestasis were recorded. RESULTS There were 76 males (62.3%) and 46 females (37.7%) with a mean age of 54.4 ± 23.7 days. The most common clinical finding was jaundice that was seen in all patients (100%).The onset of jaundice was the first day to the fifty two days of age, with an average age of 15.6 ± 16.1 days. Other findings included hepatomegaly in 92 patients (76.4%), clay-color stool in 54 (44.3%), and splenomegaly in 29 patients (23.8%). In this study, the most common causes of cholestasis were biliary atresia (30=24.6%), idiopathic neonatal hepatitis (30= 24.6%) and bile ducts paucity (16=10.3). CONCLUSION The results of this study showed that biliary atresia and neonatal hepatitis are the most common causes of infantile cholestasis in this area. It is recommended that biliary atresia should be discriminated from other forms of neonatal cholestasis.
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Role of pediatric endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in an era stressing less-invasive imaging modalities. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2014; 59:204-9. [PMID: 24762457 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000000399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The significance of pediatric endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) according to age or disease variation is inconclusive. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of pediatric ERCP in diagnosing or treating small children with pancreaticobiliary disorders, including choledochal cyst (CC) and biliary atresia (BA). METHODS From 1980 to 2011, 235 ERCPs were performed in 220 pediatric patients (median age, 2 years) at our institution. Underlying pathology was CC in 92 patients (3 years), BA in 62 patients (55 days), and others in 66 patients. Success and complication rates, and ERCP findings were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS The overall success rate was 96%. Rates for individual pathologies were 99% for CC, 92% for BA, and 96% for others. The success rate was 100% among children >3 years, but 92% when limited to infants. Post-ERCP hyperamylasemia and duodenal perforation occurred in 9% and 0.4% of cases, respectively. Regarding preoperative evaluation of the pancreaticobiliary system in CC, ERCP clearly delineated pancreaticobiliary maljunction (79%) and the pancreatic duct (94%), whereas it visualized the common bile duct and intrahepatic bile duct at relatively low rates (77% and 33%, respectively). ERCP successfully identified 16 cases (18%) with non-BA of 90 patients with suspected BA. Moreover, ERCP demonstrated only pancreatic duct in 70% of all BA. CONCLUSIONS ERCP among children including infants with CC and BA can be performed with fairly satisfactory results. Although pediatric ERCP can also help describe the pancreaticobiliary system in detail, its indication should be deliberately considered when anatomical information from less-invasive imaging modalities is insufficient.
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Kianifar HR, Tehranian S, Shojaei P, Adinehpoor Z, Sadeghi R, Kakhki VRD, Keshtgar AS. Accuracy of hepatobiliary scintigraphy for differentiation of neonatal hepatitis from biliary atresia: systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. Pediatr Radiol 2013; 43:905-19. [PMID: 23519699 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-013-2623-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hepatobiliary scintigraphy is an important diagnostic modality for work-up of neonatal cholestasis. Therefore, our objective was to evaluate the literature regarding the accuracy of hepatobiliary scintigraphy in differentiating biliary atresia from non-biliary atresia causes of cholestasis (collectively called neonatal hepatitis). Our search included Medline, SCOPUS and Google Scholar. Only studies using Tc-99 m-labeled immunodiacetic acid (IDA) derivatives were included. Overall, 81 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled sensitivity and specificity were 98.7% (range 98.1-99.2%) and 70.4% (range 68.5-72.2%), respectively. Factors that increased specificity included the use of radiotracers with high hepatic extraction, administration of hepatic-inducing drugs (such as phenobarbital), use of a calculated dose/kg and administration of a booster dose in cases of non-excretion of the tracer in the bowel. SPECT imaging and duodenal fluid sampling also had high specificity; however, they need further validation because of the low number of studies. Semiquantitative imaging methods do not seem to have any incremental value. We conclude that hepatobiliary scintigraphy using IDA derivatives can be very useful for diagnostic work-up of neonatal cholestasis. To improve the specificity, several measures can be followed regarding type and dose of the radiotracer and imaging protocols. Non-imaging methods seem to be promising and warrant further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Kianifar
- Paediatric Gastroenterology Ward, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran
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Sun S, Chen G, Zheng S, Xiao X, Xu M, Yu H, Dong R. Analysis of clinical parameters that contribute to the misdiagnosis of biliary atresia. J Pediatr Surg 2013; 48:1490-4. [PMID: 23895960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2013.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biliary atresia (BA) is one of the most common and perplexing causes of neonatal cholestasis. Each year many cases of neonatal cholestasis are misdiagnosed as BA, resulting in unnecessary exploratory surgery. Therefore, the aim of our study was to analyze the clinical features and parameters that contribute to the misdiagnosis of BA. We used a retrospective study to compare BA and similar neonatal cholestatic diseases, which were confirmed by intraoperative cholangiography. METHODS Six hundred and two infants that were suspected to have BA were recruited for the study. All cases were divided into a non-BA group and a BA group according to intraoperative cholangiography. In addition, each group was divided into three subgroups according to the patients age at surgery (group i, < 60 d; group ii, 60-90 d; and group iii > 90 d). The annual misdiagnosis rate of non-BA patients was calculated. Age at onset of jaundice and the liver function and ultrasound results were compared between the two groups and subgroups. Moreover, the positive predictive value and false positive rate of hepatobiliary scintigraphy in the diagnosis of BA were calculated. Finally, the disease spectrum of the non-BA group was analyzed. RESULTS Of the 602 cases, 83 patients were diagnosed as non-BA. The remaining 519 cases were confirmed to have BA. There was no significant decline in the misdiagnosis rate of suspected BA cases by year. The age at onset of jaundice, total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), DBIL/TBIL and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values before the exploratory operation showed no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) in the non-BA versus BA groups. However, the mean level of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT) was 263.2 mmol/l in the non-BA group and 902.7 mmol/l in the BA group (P < 0.01). The length of the liver below the ribs was detected with ultrasound and found to be smaller in the non-BA group than that of the BA group (2.99 cm ± 1.62 vs. 3.61 cm ± 1.26, respectively; P < 0.05). Among the 498 infants who received hepatobiliary scintigraphy examination, the false positive rate was 13.3% (66/498) and the positive predictive value was 86.7% (432/498). In the non-BA group, 58 infants suffered from hepatitis syndrome, 16 cases were biliary dysplasia, 5 cases were TPN related cholestasis, 2 cases were bile duct perforation and 2 were bile-plug syndrome. CONCLUSION The similarity of liver function tests and excessive dependence on hepatobiliary scintigraphy may contribute to the misdiagnosis of infants with jaundice. The age at onset of jaundice, the level of γ-GT and the liver length below the ribs may be helpful in the differential diagnosis of jaundice in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Sun
- Surgical Department, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
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AIAD HAYAMABDELSAMIE, KANDIL MONAABDELHALIM, SAMAKA REHABMONIR, SULTAN MERVATMAHMOUD, BADR MOHAMEDTAWFIK, NADA GAMMALELDINMAHMOUD. The role of CK7, Ki-67, CD34 and vimentin in the differentiation between biliary atresia and idiopathic neonatal hepatitis in Egyptian cholestatic neonates. APMIS 2012; 120:529-38. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2011.02859.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Jensen MK, Biank VF, Moe DC, Simpson PM, Li SH, Telega GW. HIDA, percutaneous transhepatic cholecysto-cholangiography and liver biopsy in infants with persistent jaundice: can a combination of PTCC and liver biopsy reduce unnecessary laparotomy? Pediatr Radiol 2012; 42:32-9. [PMID: 21786124 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-011-2202-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Revised: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Historically, HIDA is the initial diagnostic test in the evaluation of biliary atresia (BA). Non-excreting HIDA scans can yield false-positive results leading to negative laparotomy. OBJECTIVE Cholestatic infants must be evaluated promptly to exclude biliary atresia (BA) and other treatable hepatic conditions. Intraoperative cholangiogram (IOC) is the gold standard for diagnosing BA, but requires surgical intervention. Percutaneous transhepatic cholecysto-cholangiography (PTCC) and liver biopsy are less invasive and have been described in small case series. We hypothesized that PTCC and liver biopsy effectively exclude BA, thus avoiding unnecessary IOC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective review of cholestatic infants who underwent PTCC, biopsy or cholescintigraphy at a tertiary children's hospital from August 1998 to January 2009. Group differences were evaluated and the receiver operator curve and safety of PTCC determined. RESULTS One-hundred twenty-eight cholestatic infants were reviewed. Forty-six (36%) underwent PTCC. Forty-one out of 46 (89%) had simultaneous PTCC and liver biopsy. PTCC was completed successfully in 19/23 (83%) children despite a small or absent GB on initial US. Negative laparotomy rate was 1/6 (17%) for simultaneous PTCC/liver biopsy. Complications occurred in 4/46 including bleeding (n=2), fever with elevated transaminases (n=1) and oxygen desaturations (n=1). CONCLUSION PTCC, particularly when performed in combination with simultaneous liver biopsy, effectively excludes BA in cholestatic infants with acceptable morbidity. PTCC can frequently be performed when a contracted gallbladder is seen on initial US exam. Negative laparotomy rate is lowest when PTCC is coupled with simultaneous liver biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kyle Jensen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Huang CT, Lee HC, Chen WT, Jiang CB, Shih SL, Yeung CY. Usefulness of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in pancreatobiliary abnormalities in pediatric patients. Pediatr Neonatol 2011; 52:332-6. [PMID: 22192261 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2011.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Revised: 10/31/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is an innovative and noninvasive technique for evaluating the biliary tree and pancreatic duct in children. The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of MRCP as a noninvasive method to evaluate the biliary system in children. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients undergoing MRCP between October 2002 and May 2007 for suspected biliary system abnormalities. MRCP findings were compared with other imaging modalities, operative findings, and clinical endpoints. RESULTS Complete data were available for 60 patients (35 girls, 25 boys; mean age 2 years, 33 children less than 1 year old). Ultrasound was performed in all 60 patients. Twenty-two patients had choledochal cyst, and 19 had a thin or invisible gall bladder. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was done in two patients. The sensitivities and specificities of MRCP for diagnosing choledochal cyst and biliary atresia were 100.0% and 100.0% and 86.7% and 100.0%, respectively. Surgery was performed in 37 patients, including 21 with a choledochal cyst, 14 with biliary atresia, and 1 with a pancreatic duct stone. CONCLUSION MRCP is useful method for evaluation of the pancreaticobiliary system in pediatric patients. It yields a high degree of accuracy in the diagnosis of biliary atresia and choledochal cyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Ting Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taitung, Taiwan.
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25
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Donia AES, Ibrahim SM, Kader MSEMA, Saleh AM, El-Hakim MS, El-Shorbagy MS, Mansour MM, Gibriel MA. Predictive Value of Assessment of Different Modalities in the Diagnosis of Infantile Cholestasis. J Int Med Res 2010; 38:2100-16. [DOI: 10.1177/147323001003800626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the relative accuracy and roles of abdominal ultrasonography, hepatobiliary scintigraphy and liver biopsy in the diagnosis of infantile cholestasis. A total of 50 infants (27 females) aged 1 − 12 months were classified into those with intrahepatic causes of cholestasis ( n = 22) and those with extrahepatic causes ( n = 28). Cholestasis is caused by a wide range of conditions and diagnosis requires meticulous history taking, thorough clinical examination and many laboratory tests. The most common cause of intrahepatic cholestasis was found to be idiopathic neonatal hepatitis (54.5%), followed by infectious hepatitis (9.1%), metabolic liver diseases (9.1%), intrahepatic biliary atresia (9.1%) and Alagille syndrome (4.5%). The most common cause of extrahepatic cholestasis was extrahepatic biliary atresia (96.4%). The incidence of choledochal cyst was low (3.6%). The cornerstone of the diagnosis of infantile cholestasis was found to be liver biopsy, which was associated with a high degree of accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- AES Donia
- Department of Paediatrics, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - SM Ibrahim
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), 6th of October City, Egypt
| | - MSEMA Kader
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), 6th of October City, Egypt
| | - AM Saleh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - MS El-Hakim
- Department of Pathology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - MS El-Shorbagy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - MM Mansour
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - MA Gibriel
- Department of Paediatrics, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Laparoscopic cholecystocholangiography for diagnosis of prolonged jaundice in infants, experience of 144 cases. Pediatr Surg Int 2010; 26:711-5. [PMID: 20461389 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-010-2598-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cholangiography is often crucial for establishing the definitive diagnosis in infants with prolonged jaundice. Here, we describe our protocol of using the two-hole laparoscopic technique and discuss its benefits. METHODS 144 consecutive patients with suspected biliary atresia were included in this retrospective study. A 5-mm umbilical port is introduced for a 30 degrees laparoscope. An additional 5-mm trocar was inserted at right subcostal incision. A liver biopsy was performed first if needed. The fundus of gallbladder was then exteriorized through the incision of the working port after pneumoperitoneum was released and a catheter is inserted into the gallbladder for cholangiography. RESULTS The average duration of operation was 34 min (range 20-55 min). Laparoscopic cholangiography failed in 21 cases (14.6%) where atrophic gallbladder was found and BA was confirmed by subsequent laparotomy. For the remaining 123 cases, biliary atresia were diagnosed in 88 (71.5%), biliary hypoplasia in 14 (11.4%), and cholestasis in 21 (17.1%), respectively. There was no bleeding or any other complications intraoperatively. CONCLUSION The technique of laparoscopic cholecystocholangiography is simple, safe and efficient. It can provide an accurate diagnosis. Furthermore, for patients without biliary atresia, unnecessary laparotomy can be avoided.
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Imanieh MH, Dehghani SM, Bagheri MH, Emad V, Haghighat M, Zahmatkeshan M, Forutan HR, Rasekhi AR, Gheisari F. Triangular cord sign in detection of biliary atresia: is it a valuable sign? Dig Dis Sci 2010; 55:172-5. [PMID: 19229615 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-009-0718-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2008] [Accepted: 01/12/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early detection of biliary atresia (BA) has a vital role in prevention of liver cirrhosis in these patients. There are some evidences that triangular cord (TC) sign, i.e., triangular structure located cranial to the portal vein bifurcation on ultrasonographic examination, is suggestive of BA in suspected cases. The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of TC sign with other methods of diagnosis such as hepatobiliary scan. METHODS Fifty-eight infants referred to pediatric gastroenterology ward with diagnosis of infantile cholestasis from March 2004 to March 2008 were evaluated to find the cause of cholestasis. Diagnosis was made by means of history, clinical examination, hepatobiliary scan, and liver biopsy. Ultrasonographic examination was focused on presence of TC sign in patients. If the diagnosis was in favor of BA, patient was sent for direct cholangiography as a gold-standard test for confirmation of the diagnosis. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the tests were compared with golden standard. RESULTS Among 58 infants with infantile cholestasis, BA was diagnosed and confirmed in 10 infants (17.2%). Hepatobiliary scintigraphy had 80% sensitivity, 72.9% specificity, and 74.1% accuracy. TC sign had 70% sensitivity, 95.8% specificity, and 91.3% accuracy. CONCLUSION TC sign is more accurate than hepatobiliary scan and has acceptable sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of BA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hadi Imanieh
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71937-11351, Iran
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Benchimol EI, Walsh CM, Ling SC. Early diagnosis of neonatal cholestatic jaundice: test at 2 weeks. CANADIAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN MEDECIN DE FAMILLE CANADIEN 2009; 55:1184-1192. [PMID: 20008595 PMCID: PMC2793221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review best practices for early recognition and treatment of conditions resulting in neonatal cholestasis, in order to improve long-term outcomes for affected infants. QUALITY OF EVIDENCE Studies, review articles, and meta-analyses pertaining to neonatal-onset cholestasis were sought via electronic databases. Reference lists of studies and review articles supplemented the electronic search. Studies were included if they examined the importance of early diagnosis and intervention for cholestatic jaundice of any cause, and mainly comprised Level II and Level III evidence. MAIN MESSAGE Review of the relevant literature supports the recommendation that infants with jaundice at 2 weeks of age should be tested for cholestasis by quantifying the direct reacting bilirubin levels in their blood. Subsequent rapid investigation using a diagnostic algorithm enables early diagnosis of the specific cause and facilitates timely intervention for conditions whose outcomes are improved by early treatment. CONCLUSION Universal screening for neonatal cholestasis might help with early identification of cases and improve outcomes, although further study is required in the North American setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric I Benchimol
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition at Hospital for Sick Children,Toronto, Ont
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Bellomo-Brandao MA, Escanhoela CAF, Meirelles LR, Porta G, Hessel G. Analysis of the histologic features in the differential diagnosis of intrahepatic neonatal cholestasis. World J Gastroenterol 2009; 15:478-83. [PMID: 19152454 PMCID: PMC2653371 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.15.478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To compare the histologic features of the liver in intrahepatic neonatal cholestasis (IHNC) with infectious, genetic-endocrine-metabolic, and idiopathic etiologies.
METHODS: Liver biopsies from 86 infants with IHNC were evaluated. The inclusion criteria consisted of jaundice beginning at 3 mo of age and a hepatic biopsy during the 1st year of life. The following histologic features were evaluated: cholestasis, eosinophilia, giant cells, erythropoiesis, siderosis, portal fibrosis, and the presence of a septum.
RESULTS: Based on the diagnosis, patients were classified into three groups: group 1 (infectious; n = 18), group 2 (genetic-endocrine-metabolic; n = 18), and group 3 (idiopathic; n = 50). There were no significant differences with respect to the following variables: cholestasis, eosinophilia, giant cells, siderosis, portal fibrosis, and presence of a septum. A significant difference was observed with respect to erythropoiesis, which was more severe in group 1 (Fisher’s exact test, P = 0.016).
CONCLUSION: A significant difference was observed in IHNC of infectious etiology, in which erythropoiesis was more severe than that in genetic-endocrine-metabolic and idiopathic etiologies, whereas there were no significant differences among cholestasis, eosinophilia, giant cells, siderosis, portal fibrosis, and the presence of a septum.
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Rastogi A, Krishnani N, Yachha SK, Khanna V, Poddar U, Lal R. Histopathological features and accuracy for diagnosing biliary atresia by prelaparotomy liver biopsy in developing countries. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009; 24:97-102. [PMID: 19196397 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2008.05737.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM A major challenge in neonatal cholestasis (NC) is to differentiate biliary atresia (BA) from other non-atretic causes. In developing countries there are considerable problems of late referral of NC cases and performing surgery without prelaparotomy liver biopsy that contributes to a high proportion of negative laparotomy and increased morbidity. We evaluated the hepatic histopathology for presence of features that correlate best with the diagnosis of BA and assessed the accuracy of percutaneous liver biopsy. METHODS Fifty-five cases of NC that fulfilled the selection criteria and had liver biopsy available were analyzed. Among the 49 adequate liver biopsies, 28 cases were diagnosed as BA, 15 neonatal hepatitis (NH) and 6 were due to other causes. Validity of percutaneous liver biopsy diagnoses was compared with confirmed cases by laparotomy findings and 1-year follow up. Twelve histological parameters of confirmed cases of BA and NH were evaluated by logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Ductular proliferation (P = 0.0002), bile duct and ductular bile plugs (P = 0.009), and portal fibrosis (P = 0.002) were the best indicators of BA and among them ductular proliferation was the most important in distinguishing BA from NH. Ductal plate malformation was observed in 17.9% cases of BA. Sensitivity and specificity of percutaneous liver biopsy for diagnosing BA was 88.2% each. CONCLUSION Percutaneous liver biopsy is highly accurate (88.2%) in diagnosing BA. In developing countries. This investigation should be done to decrease the frequency of negative laparotomy and to achieve cost-benefit with reduced morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Rastogi
- Department of Pathology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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Bellomo-Brandão MA, Porta G, Hessel G. Clinical and laboratory evaluation of 101 patients with intrahepatic neonatal cholestasis. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2008; 45:152-155. [PMID: 18622471 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-28032008000200012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2007] [Accepted: 11/22/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrahepatic neonatal cholestasis can be the initial manifestation of a very heterogeneous group of illnesses of different etiologies. AIM To evaluate and compare clinical and laboratory data among intrahepatic neonatal cholestasis groups of infectious, genetic-endocrine-metabolic and idiopathic etiologies. METHODS The study evaluated retrospectively clinical and laboratory data of 101 infants, from March 1982 to December 2005, 84 from the State University of Campinas Teaching Hospital, Campinas, SP, Brazil, and 17 from the Child's Institute of the University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil. The inclusion criteria consisted of: jaundice beginning at up to 3 months of age and hepatic biopsy during the 1st year of life. It had been evaluated: clinical findings (gender, age, birth weight, weight during the first medical visit, stature at birth, jaundice, acholia/hipocholia, choluria, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly) and laboratorial (ALT, AST, FA, GGT, INR). RESULTS According to diagnosis, patients were classified into three groups: group 1 (infectious) n = 24, group 2 (genetic-endocrine-metabolic) n = 21 and group 3 (idiopathic) n = 56. There were no significant differences in relation to the variables: age, gender, stature at birth, jaundice, acholia/hipocholia, choluria, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, DB and albumin. Significant differences were observed in relation to the following variables: birth weight and weight during the first medical visit. Birth weight of group 1 was lower in relation group 2 and 3. Weight during the first medical visit followed the same pattern. There was a statistically significant difference in relation to the INR, as the patients of the group 2 presented higher values in relation to groups 2 and 3, despite the median was still pointing out normal values. CONCLUSIONS There were no significant differences in relation to age, gender, stature at birth, jaundice, acholia/hipocholia, choluria, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, BD and albumin. Birth weight and the weight during the first medical visit were lower in the group with infectious etiology. In addition, a significant difference in INR reflected impaired coagulation of patients of the group of the genetic-endocrine-metabolic disease.
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