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Veisi R, Nazarian S, Fathi J, Hadi N. Expression and purification of TolC as a recombinant protein vaccine against Shigella flexneri and evaluation of immunogenic response in mice. Microb Pathog 2024; 188:106539. [PMID: 38211835 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shigella is one of the major causes of dysenteric diarrhea, which is known shigelosis. Shigelosis causes 160,000 deaths annually of diarrheal disease in the global scale especially children less than 5 years old. No licensed vaccine is available against shigelosis, therefore, efforts for develop an effective and safe vaccine against Shigella as before needed. The reverse vaccinology (RV) is a novel strategy that evaluate genome or proteome of the organism to find a new promising vaccine candidate. In this study, immunogenicity of a designed-recombinant antigen is evaluated through the in silico studies and animal experiments to predict a new immunogenic candidate against Shigella. METHODS In the first step, proteome of Shigella flexneri was obtained from UniProtKB and then the outer membrane and extracellular proteins were predicted. In this study TolC as an outer membrane protein was selected and confirmed among candidates. In next steps, pre-selected protein was evaluated for transmembrane domains, homology, conservation, antigenicity, solubility, and B- and T-cell prediction by different online servers. RESULT TolC as a conserved outer membrane protein, using different immune-informatics tools had acceptable scores and was selected as the immunogenic antigen for animal experiment studies. Recombinant TolC protein after expression and purification, was administered to BALB/c mice over three intraperitoneal routes. The sera of mice was used to evaluate the IgG1 production assay by indirect-ELISA. The immunized mice depicted effective protection against 2LD50 of Shigella. Flexneri ATCC12022 (challenge study). CONCLUSION Therefore, the reverse vaccinology approach and experimental test results demonstrated that TolC as a novel effective and immunogenic antigen is capable for protection against shigellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razieh Veisi
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shahram Nazarian
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Fathi
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nahal Hadi
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Identification and evaluation of novel vaccine candidates against Shigella flexneri through reverse vaccinology approach. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:1159-1173. [PMID: 33452891 PMCID: PMC7811352 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-11054-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Shigellosis is a significant type of diarrhea that causes 160,000 deaths annually in a global scale. The mortality occurs mainly in children less than 5 years of age. No licensed vaccine is available, and conventional efforts for developing an effective and safe vaccine against shigellosis have not been succeeded yet. The reverse vaccinology is a novel promising method that screens genome or proteome of an organism for finding new vaccine candidates. In this study, through reverse vaccinology approach, new vaccine candidates against Shigella flexneri were identified and experimentally evaluated. Proteomes of S. flexneri were obtained from UniProt, and then outer membrane and extracellular proteins were predicted and selected for the evaluation of transmembrane domains, protein conservation, host homology, antigenicity, and solubility. From 103 proteins, 7 high-scored proteins were introduced as novel vaccine candidates, and after B- and T-cell epitope prediction, the best protein was selected for experimental studies. Recombinant protein was expressed, purified, and injected to BALB/c mice. The adhesion inhibitory effect of sera was also studied. The immunized mice demonstrated full protection against the lethal dose challenge. The sera remarkably inhibited S. flexneri adhesion to Caco-2 epithelial cells. The results indicate that identified antigen can serve for vaccine development against shigellosis and support reverse vaccinology for discovering novel effective antigens. Key points • Seven Shigella new antigens were identified by reverse vaccinology (RV) approach. • The best antigen experimented demonstrated full protection against lethal dose. • In vivo results verified RV analyses and suggest FimG as a new potent vaccine candidate. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00253-020-11054-4.
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Leow CY, Kazi A, Hisyam Ismail CMK, Chuah C, Lim BH, Leow CH, Banga Singh KK. Reverse vaccinology approach for the identification and characterization of outer membrane proteins of Shigella flexneri as potential cellular- and antibody-dependent vaccine candidates. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2020; 9:15-25. [PMID: 32095437 PMCID: PMC7024733 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2020.9.1.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose In the developing world, bacillary dysentery is one of the most common communicable diarrheal infections. There are approximately 169 million cases of shigellosis reported worldwide. The disease is transmitted by a group of Gram-negative intracellular enterobacteria known as Shigella flexneri, S. sonnei, S. dysenteriae, and S. boydii. Conventional treatment regimens for Shigella have been less effective due to the development of resistant strains against antibiotics. Therefore, an effective vaccine for the long term control of Shigella transmission is urgently needed. Materials and Methods In this study, a reverse vaccinology approach was employed to identify most conserved and immunogenic outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of S. flexneri 2a. Results Five OMPs including fepA, ompC, nlpD_1, tolC, and nlpD_2 were identified as potential vaccine candidates. Protein-protein interactions analysis using STRING software (https://string-db.org/) revealed that five of these OMPs may potentially interact with other intracellular proteins which are involved in beta-lactam resistance pathway. B- and T-cell epitopes of the selected OMPs were predicted using BCPred as well as Propred I and Propred (http://crdd.osdd.net/raghava/propred/), respectively. Each of these OMPs contains regions which are capable to induce B- and T-cell immune responses. Conclusion Analysis acquired from this study showed that five selected OMPs have great potential for vaccine development against S. flexneri infection. The predicted immunogenic epitopes can also be used for development of peptide vaccines or multi-epitope vaccines against human shigellosis. Reverse vaccinology is a promising strategy for the discovery of potential vaccine candidates which can be used for future vaccine development against global persistent infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiuan Yee Leow
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Ada Kazi
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | | | - Candy Chuah
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Boon Huat Lim
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Chiuan Herng Leow
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Malaysia
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Kazi A, Hisyam Ismail CMK, Anthony AA, Chuah C, Leow CH, Lim BH, Banga Singh KK, Leow CY. Designing and evaluation of an antibody-targeted chimeric recombinant vaccine encoding Shigella flexneri outer membrane antigens. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 80:104176. [PMID: 31923724 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Shigellosis is one of the most common diseases found in the developing countries, especially those countries that are prone flood. The causative agent for this disease is the Shigella species. This organism is one of the third most common enteropathogens responsible for childhood diarrhea. Since Shigella can survive gastric acidity and is an intracellular pathogen, it becomes difficult to treat. Also, uncontrolled use of antibiotics has led to development of resistant strains which poses a threat to public health. Therefore, there is a need for long term control of Shigella infection which can be achieved by designing a proper and effective vaccine. In this study, emphasis was made on designing a candidate that could elicit both B-cell and T-cell immune response. Hence B- and T-cell epitopes of outer membrane channel protein (OM) and putative lipoprotein (PL) from S. flexneri 2a were computationally predicted using immunoinformatics approach and a chimeric construct (chimeric-OP) containing the immunogenic epitopes selected from OM and PL was designed, cloned and expressed in E. coli system. The immunogenicity of the recombinant chimeric-OP was assessed using Shigella antigen infected rabbit antibody. The result showed that the chimeric-OP was a synthetic peptide candidate suitable for the development of vaccine and immunodiagnostics against Shigella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada Kazi
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | | | - Amy Amilda Anthony
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Candy Chuah
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Chiuan Herng Leow
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Boon Huat Lim
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | | | - Chiuan Yee Leow
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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Secretome, surfome and immunome: emerging approaches for the discovery of new vaccine candidates against bacterial infections. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 32:155. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-016-2107-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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The periplasmic enzyme, AnsB, of Shigella flexneri modulates bacterial adherence to host epithelial cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94954. [PMID: 24762742 PMCID: PMC3998974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
S. flexneri strains, most frequently linked with endemic outbreaks of shigellosis, invade the colonic and rectal epithelium of their host and cause severe tissue damage. Here we have attempted to elucidate the contribution of the periplasmic enzyme, L-asparaginase (AnsB) to the pathogenesis of S. flexneri. Using a reverse genetic approach we found that ansB mutants showed reduced adherence to epithelial cells in vitro and attenuation in two in vivo models of shigellosis, the Caenorhabditis elegans and the murine pulmonary model. To investigate how AnsB affects bacterial adherence, we compared the proteomes of the ansB mutant with its wild type parental strain using two dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis and identified the outer membrane protein, OmpA as up-regulated in ansB mutant cells. Bacterial OmpA, is a prominent outer membrane protein whose activity has been found to be required for bacterial pathogenesis. Overexpression of OmpA in wild type S. flexneri serotype 3b resulted in decreasing the adherence of this virulent strain, suggesting that the up-regulation of OmpA in ansB mutants contributes to the reduced adherence of this mutant strain. The data presented here is the first report that links the metabolic enzyme AnsB to S. flexneri pathogenesis.
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Pore D, Chakrabarti MK. Outer membrane protein A (OmpA) from Shigella flexneri 2a: a promising subunit vaccine candidate. Vaccine 2013; 31:3644-50. [PMID: 23764536 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.05.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Shigellosis is the leading cause of childhood mortality and morbidity. Despite many years of extensive research a practical vaccine is not yet available against the disease. Recent studies illustrate that bacterial outer membrane proteins are budding target as vaccine antigen. Outer membrane proteins A (OmpA) are among the most immunodominant antigens in the outer membrane of gram negative bacteria and possess many characteristics desired of a vaccine candidate. We observe that OmpA of Shigella flexneri 2a is crossreactive and common antigen among Shigella spp. and the epitope is widely exposed on the cell surface as well as capable of evoking protective immunity in mice. The protective immunity involves participation of both the humoral and cellular immune responses, since OmpA boosts rapid induction of IgG and IgA in both the systemic and mucosal compartments and also activates Th1 cells. The immunopotentiating activity of OmpA is mediated by its ability to bind and stimulate macrophages and up-regulate the surface expression of MHCII, CD80 and CD40, leading to activation of CD4(+) T cells to secrete cytokines and express chemokine receptor and IL-12Rβ2, thereby orchestrating the bridge between innate and adaptive immune responses. This ability is dependent on Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), as demonstrated by lack of response by TLR2 knockdown macrophages to OmpA. Hence this property of OmpA to link innate and adaptive immunity via TLR2 offers a novel vista to develop vaccine against shigellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasis Pore
- Division of Pathophysiology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33, C.I.T. Road, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700010, West Bengal, India
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Pore D, Mahata N, Pal A, Chakrabarti MK. Outer membrane protein A (OmpA) of Shigella flexneri 2a, induces protective immune response in a mouse model. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22663. [PMID: 21818362 PMCID: PMC3144247 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In our earlier studies 34 kDa outer membrane protein (OMP) of Shigella flexneri 2a has been identified as an efficient immunostimulant. Key Results In the present study MALDI-TOF MS analysis of the purified 34 kDa OMP of Shigella flexneri 2a shows considerable sequence homology (Identity 65%) with the OmpA of S. flexneri 2a. By using the specific primers, the gene of interest has been amplified from S. flexneri 2a (N.Y-962/92) genomic DNA, cloned in pET100/D-TOPO® vector and expressed using induction with isopropyl thiogalactoside (IPTG) for the first time. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the recombinant OmpA has been evaluated in an intranasally immunized murine pulmonary model. The recombinant protein induces significantly enhanced protein specific IgG and IgA Abs in both mucosal and systemic compartments and IgA secreting cells in the systemic compartment (spleen). The mice immunized with OmpA have been protected completely from systemic challenge with a lethal dose of virulent S. flexneri 2a. Immunization with the protein causes mild polymorphonuclear neutrophil infiltration in the lung, without inducing the release of large amounts of proinflammatory cytokines. Conclusion These results suggest that the OmpA of S. flexneri 2a can be an efficacious mucosal immunogen inducing protective immune responses. Our findings also demonstrate that antibodies and Th1 immune response may be associated with the marked protective efficacy of immunized mice after intranasal shigellae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasis Pore
- Division of Pathophysiology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Nibedita Mahata
- Division of Pathophysiology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Amit Pal
- Division of Pathophysiology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Manoj K. Chakrabarti
- Division of Pathophysiology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beliaghata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- * E-mail:
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Kuntumalla S, Zhang Q, Braisted JC, Fleischmann RD, Peterson SN, Donohue-Rolfe A, Tzipori S, Pieper R. In vivo versus in vitro protein abundance analysis of Shigella dysenteriae type 1 reveals changes in the expression of proteins involved in virulence, stress and energy metabolism. BMC Microbiol 2011; 11:147. [PMID: 21702961 PMCID: PMC3136414 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-11-147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 (SD1) causes the most severe form of epidemic bacillary dysentery. Quantitative proteome profiling of Shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 (SD1) in vitro (derived from LB cell cultures) and in vivo (derived from gnotobiotic piglets) was performed by 2D-LC-MS/MS and APEX, a label-free computationally modified spectral counting methodology. RESULTS Overall, 1761 proteins were quantitated at a 5% FDR (false discovery rate), including 1480 and 1505 from in vitro and in vivo samples, respectively. Identification of 350 cytoplasmic membrane and outer membrane (OM) proteins (38% of in silico predicted SD1 membrane proteome) contributed to the most extensive survey of the Shigella membrane proteome reported so far. Differential protein abundance analysis using statistical tests revealed that SD1 cells switched to an anaerobic energy metabolism under in vivo conditions, resulting in an increase in fermentative, propanoate, butanoate and nitrate metabolism. Abundance increases of transcription activators FNR and Nar supported the notion of a switch from aerobic to anaerobic respiration in the host gut environment. High in vivo abundances of proteins involved in acid resistance (GadB, AdiA) and mixed acid fermentation (PflA/PflB) indicated bacterial survival responses to acid stress, while increased abundance of oxidative stress proteins (YfiD/YfiF/SodB) implied that defense mechanisms against oxygen radicals were mobilized. Proteins involved in peptidoglycan turnover (MurB) were increased, while β-barrel OM proteins (OmpA), OM lipoproteins (NlpD), chaperones involved in OM protein folding pathways (YraP, NlpB) and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis (Imp) were decreased, suggesting unexpected modulations of the outer membrane/peptidoglycan layers in vivo. Several virulence proteins of the Mxi-Spa type III secretion system and invasion plasmid antigens (Ipa proteins) required for invasion of colonic epithelial cells, and release of bacteria into the host cell cytosol were increased in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Global proteomic profiling of SD1 comparing in vivo vs. in vitro proteomes revealed differential expression of proteins geared towards survival of the pathogen in the host gut environment, including increased abundance of proteins involved in anaerobic energy respiration, acid resistance and virulence. The immunogenic OspC2, OspC3 and IpgA virulence proteins were detected solely under in vivo conditions, lending credence to their candidacy as potential vaccine targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srilatha Kuntumalla
- Pathogen Functional Genomics Resource Center, J, Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
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Yang Y, Yin J, Guo D, Lang X, Wang X. Immunization of mice with recombinantS-adenosyl-l-homocysteine hydrolase protein confers protection againstBrucella melitensisinfection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 61:159-67. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2010.00758.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Peng J, Yang J, Jin Q. Research progress in Shigella in the postgenomic era. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2010; 53:1284-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-010-4089-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2009] [Accepted: 12/20/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Pang HY, Li Y, Wu ZH, Jian JC, Lu YS, Cai SH. Immunoproteomic analysis and identification of novel immunogenic proteins from Vibrio harveyi. J Appl Microbiol 2010; 109:1800-9. [PMID: 20698911 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04808.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The main aim of this study was to screen novel immunogenic proteins of Vibrio harveyi, which could be vaccine candidates. METHODS AND RESULTS Whole-cell proteins of V. harveyi, strain Li01 and Huang01, were first separated by isoelectric focusing, followed by 2D-PAGE, respectively. Immunogenic proteins were identified by Western blotting, using Epinephelus coioides antisera against V. harveyi strain Li01. Western blot analyses revealed 16 shared immunogenic protein spots in both strains. All of the immunogenic proteins were successfully identified and corresponded to 15 proteins. None of these proteins have been previously reported as immunogenic for V. harveyi. Of the 15 proteins, 11 are specific immunoreactive proteins and four are nonspecific immunoreactive proteins. Furthermore, outer membrane protein N (spot 2) and oligopeptide ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter (spot 3) were used as immunogens to immunize E. coioides for investigation of their protective abilities and activities. The E. coioides immunized with OmpN has abilities to fight against infections caused by V. harveyi Li01 and Huang01. However, vaccination with oligopeptide ABC transporter induces low protective immune response in fish. CONCLUSIONS Eleven novel specific antigens were found, and OmpN could potentially be used as vaccine candidate for the development of novel vaccine against V. harveyi. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY These data show that immunoproteomics methods can be successfully applied in identifying immunogenic proteins of V. harveyi, which helps to search for the protective antigens in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-Y Pang
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
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Pieper R, Zhang Q, Parmar PP, Huang ST, Clark DJ, Alami H, Donohue-Rolfe A, Fleischmann RD, Peterson SN, Tzipori S. The Shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 proteome, profiled in the host intestinal environment, reveals major metabolic modifications and increased expression of invasive proteins. Proteomics 2010; 9:5029-45. [PMID: 19813213 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200900196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 (SD1) causes the most severe form of epidemic bacillary dysentery. We present the first comprehensive proteome analysis of this pathogen, profiling proteins from bacteria cultured in vitro and bacterial isolates from the large bowel of infected gnotobiotic piglets (in vivo). Overall, 1061 distinct gene products were identified. Differential display analysis revealed that SD1 cells switched to an anaerobic energy metabolism in vivo. High in vivo abundances of amino acid decarboxylases (GadB and AdiA) which enhance pH homeostasis in the cytoplasm and protein disaggregation chaperones (HdeA, HdeB and ClpB) were indicative of a coordinated bacterial survival response to acid stress. Several type III secretion system effectors were increased in abundance in vivo, including OspF, IpaC and IpaD. These proteins are implicated in invasion of colonocytes and subversion of the host immune response in S. flexneri. These observations likely reflect an adaptive response of SD1 to the hostile host environment. Seven proteins, among them the type III secretion system effectors OspC2 and IpaB, were detected as antigens in Western blots using piglet antisera. The outer membrane protein OmpA, the heat shock protein HtpG and OspC2 represent novel SD1 subunit vaccine candidates and drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rembert Pieper
- Pathogen Functional Genomics Resource Center, J. Craig Venter Institute, 9704 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
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Pore D, Chowdhury P, Mahata N, Pal A, Yamasaki S, Mahalanabis D, Chakrabarti MK. Purification and characterization of an immunogenic outer membrane protein of Shigella flexneri 2a. Vaccine 2009; 27:5855-64. [PMID: 19660587 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2009] [Revised: 07/13/2009] [Accepted: 07/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In the present study we purified 34 kDa major outer membrane protein (MOMP) of Shigella flexneri 2a for the first time, which was cross-reactive and antigenically conserved among Shigella spp. and the epitope was surface exposed on the intact bacterium. The purified antigen was found to be glycosylated, which aids in binding to macrophages and up-regulated the production of nitric oxide, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor and IL-12p70, indicating that the MOMP is immunogenic and has the ability to commence protective immune responses against intracellular pathogens, thereby it may be considered as a potential vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasis Pore
- Division of Pathophysiology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33, C.I.T. Road, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700010, West Bengal, India
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Song CH, Huang ZG, Xi YL, Zhang MX, Duan GC. Primary analysis on conjugational transfer multidrug resistance-related proteins of Shigella flexneri strain. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2007; 15:838-843. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v15.i8.838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To search for the new proteins related to multidrug resistance by comparing the proteomics of whole cellular proteins between sensitive strain and conjugational transfer anti-multidrug strain of Shigella flexneri.
METHODS: Clinical sensitive Shigella flexneri strain was transduced into anti-multidrug strain by conjugational transfer trials. Immobilized pH gradient (IPG) two-dimensional electrophoresis was adopted and the gels were analyzed by Image Master 2D Platinum software. Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) were used to analyzed differential expression proteins.
RESULTS: Conjugational transfer anti-multidrug strain of Shigella flexneri was obtained successfully. It was found that there were 946±37 protein spots in the whole cellular protein 2-DE gels of sensitive strain and 1013±157 protein spots in that of conjugational transfer anti-multidrug strain. A total of 43 differential expression protein spots were found and 5 proteins related to multidrug resistance, including two new proteins (CRISPR-associated protein and heat shock protein chaperone Groel-Groes-Adp7), were identified based on peptide mass fingerprinting. ATP binding cassette transporter protein, cysteine synthase, predicted periplasmic or secreted lipoprotein protein were highly expressed in conjugational transfer anti-multidrug strain.
CONCLUSION: Some genes related to multidrug resistance of the donor can be transduced into sensitive strains and expressed highly. Meanwhile, the expression of some important cellular metabolic enzymes is up-regulated, and ATP binding cassette transporter protein plays an significant role in the mechanism of Shigella flexneri multidrug resistance.
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